Digital Commons Network^™

A Taste Of Insight: Exploring The Perspectives Of Dlsu Student-Athletes On The Mediterranean Diet, Ethan F. Alvarez, Zoe Adda O. Beluso, Ceris Maxine Chua, Sarah Abigail M. Sanchez, Maria Michaela Santos, Olga G. Parco

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

The Mediterranean diet, its health benefits, and in the context of sports have been commonly studied within European and North African countries. However, there are limited studies that present the perceptions of student-athletes on the diet from Asian countries, particularly in the Philippines. Guided by the Health Belief Model (HBM), the study aimed to explore and understand the perceptions of student-athletes about their awareness, insights, or experiences on the Mediterranean diet, along with its perceived threats and benefits. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, a semi-structured interview with seven DLSU student-athletes was employed to determine the perspectives of DLSU student-athletes. Eleven …

Dalawang Henerasyon, Isang Kasaysayan: Audience Reception Of Pepe Diokno’S Gomburza Among Selected Individuals From The Baby Boomer Generation And Generation Z In Metro Manila, Elyssa Merella A. Abundo, Andre Dax M. Dacanay, Ana Marie M. Ebersole, Deirdre Hannah R. Tattao

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

In the face of injustice and oppression, history remembers those who dared to resist. GomBurZa (2023), directed by Pepe Diokno, follows the story of the three martyred priests—Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora—whose execution in 1872 ignited a national awakening during the Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines (Agbayani III, 2022). This qualitative study explored how the Baby Boomer Generation and Generation Z in Metro Manila received and interpreted the film. It reflected whether their views about Gomburza evolved and revealed converging and diverging opinions within and between the two generations. It also investigated the broader implications of their …

An Analysis Of Esports Consumption Among Esports Viewers In Metro Manila, Amiel Tongco, Charles David Siao, Bryce Nathan Chicombing, Hugh Lawrence Ang, Liandro Antonio Tabora

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

The rise of esports has transformed the entertainment scene, captivating gamers, and individuals from diverse backgrounds. As competitive esports cement their place in mainstream entertainment, understanding why and how esports have become what it is today is important. This research investigates the different motivational factors driving esports consumption in Metro Manila, Philippines. This study utilizes the MSES questionnaire to evaluate the primary motivational factors influencing esports engagement, providing preliminary insights into the impact of influential factors on consumer motivation in the rapidly growing esports market. The study explored the influential factors that affect esports consumption and spectatorship in Metro Manila, …

The Role Of Social Media In Philippine Disaster Management: A Systematic Literature Review, Maxim Alexandrite V. Inoferio, Henry Joshua A. Hernandez, Rich Angelo P. Santos

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

Despite the Philippines being one of the world’s most disaster-prone countries, research on the role of social media in its disaster risk management remains limited. This study addresses that gap through a systematic review of existing literature on social media use in Philippine disaster risk management. Results show that social media is primarily employed in response to typhoons and earthquakes, while its application to other hazards such as COVID-19, floods, and vegetation fires remains underexplored. Usage is concentrated in the response and recovery phases, with minimal attention to prevention and no studies focused on mitigation. Notable best practices include real-time …

Youth In Leadership: Exploring The Roles, Challenges, And Impact Of Sangguniang Kabataan Chairpersons In Community Development, Hannah B. Ignacio Na, Alexandra Isabela B. Vergara Na, Markane Victor B. Carantes Na, Dayenne Say R. Labita Na

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

The Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) plays a vital role in youth leadership and community development in the Philippines, yet its impact in Baguio City remains underexplored. This study examines the responsibilities, challenges, and strategies of SK Chairpersons in addressing youth-related issues. Using a qualitative research design with descriptive phenomenology, the study captures the firsthand experiences of eight SK Chairpersons, aged 18 to 24, through face-to-face interviews. Thematic analysis reveals key obstacles, including low youth engagement, leadership struggles, and difficulties in forming a quorum, which hinder project approvals and funding. Success depends on youth participation, priority setting, and balancing leadership with personal …

Free For All: The Cost Of Political Freedom Without Competence Standards, Siou-Sian Chen, Justine S. Leomo

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

In democratic societies, political participation is a fundamental right, allowing every citizen, regardless of background, to run for office. However, this political freedom raises pressing questions about governance quality when competence standards are not in place. The tension between democratic inclusivity and the need for competent leadership becomes particularly relevant in educational settings where future leaders are shaped. This study aims to explore how student leaders perceive and experience political freedom in the absence of defined competence criteria in leadership roles. Guided by a transcendental phenomenological design, the study involved 20 purposively selected student leaders from Columban College, Inc., Basic …

Barriers To Quality Maternal Healthcare In Barangay Kaingin 1, Quezon City: An Exploratory Study Anchored On The Integrated Patient Care Healthcare Services Framework (Ipchsf) And The National Safe Motherhood Program (Nsmp), Keanne Elisha E. Bulotano, Micah Althea A. Fontanilla, Hali Therez A. Hernandez, Adonah Isalyn B. Laza, Julia Nicole D.G. De Guzman

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

Despite the implementation of national programs like the National Safe Motherhood Program (NSMP) that aims to improve maternal health outcomes, women in the Philippines still continuously face barriers in accessing quality maternal healthcare (MHC) due to systemic, societal, and psychological factors. Other persistent issues like poor healthcare service, insufficient understanding of health-related knowledge, and the lack of autonomy in decision making, which are especially prevalent in underserved communities, further discourage women from seeking care. This study aims to investigate these barriers and their impact on the overall well-being of mothers from Miriam College's partnered communities, like Kaingin 1. To explore …

Sa Tibo(K) Ng Kamera: Pagmamapa Sa Dating Ng Mga Lesbiyanang Tauhan Sa Pelikulang Pilipino (1982–2023), Miguel Jae P. Asido, Samuel P. Bernardino, Kataryna Theriz M. Dato-On, Armione Kiera M. Magadia

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

Layon ng pananaliksik na makapag-ambag sa napakalimitadong diskurso sa lesbiyana sa Pelikulang Pilipino na pawang nakatuon sa pagkalesbiyan at identidad. Tinumbok ng pag-aaral ang dating ng anim na lesbiyanang tauhan gamit ang modelo ni Tiongson (2022), na sumandig sa Dating ni Lumbera (2000), upang sumentro sa pagka-Pilipino ng likhang-sining. Natuklasan ang mga temang nakaaapekto sa dating ng mga lesbiyanang tauhan: (1) Pagpapahalaga sa Propesyon, (2) Pagtutulad sa Lalaki at mga Istiryotipo, (3) Pagkakaila sa Sekswalidad, (4) Pagbubunsod ng Pandalawang-Kasariang Pamantayan ng Lipunan, at (5) Pagturing na Makasalanan. Binubuo ito ng mga elemento ng pananamit, kilos, lengguwahe, at espasyo. Batay sa …

Anonymous Whispers: A Critical Discourse Analysis On Digital Gossip In Select Philippine University Freedom Walls, Ryanne Gabrielle J. Roxas, Erica Gabryelle B. Lingad, Kean Christof Ramon L. Santiago, Ma. Samantha Raine E. Soliman

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

The anonymity afforded by university freedom walls has proliferated the spread of information and digital gossip, actively shaping ideologies surrounding campus hierarchies—an influence that remains critically underexplored in academic research. This study addresses that gap by seeking to understand how freedom walls function as a form of discourse that constructs and negotiates hierarchical ideologies within academic communities. It analyzes 18 purposively sampled posts from the three most followed Facebook freedom walls of universities in the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP), namely the University of the Philippines Diliman (UP), National University (NU), and Ateneo de Manila University (ADMU). Using …

Crude Extract From Robusta Coffee (Coffea Canephora) Husks Using Ethanol: Steam Versus Ultrasonic, Julianne Kaye D. Cortes, Kirsten Shanel B. Bernardo, Ron Gabriel J. Perillo

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

The global demand for renewable energy sources necessitates exploring sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. Coffee husks, a significant agricultural waste product, represent a potential feedstock for biofuel production. This study investigated the comparative efficacy of steam distillation and Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE), using ethanol as a solvent to extract crude extract from Coffea canephora husks. A comparative experiment was conducted using 200g of Coffea canephora husks for each extraction method (n=3 per method). Yields were measured in mL. An independent sample t-test was used to compare the mean yields between the two methods. UAE yielded significantly more crude extract (mean = …

Sustainability Accounting Teaching Practices Of Accountancy Instructors: An In-Depth Case Study Of A Private Institution In Pasay City, Shawn Alexander G. Distor, Jennifer L. Li, Juliah O. Salcedo

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

Sustainability Accounting (SA) is at the forefront of modern financial discourse with connection to the Sustainable Development Goals 4, 8, and 12. In the Philippines, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) mandated publicly listed companies to include sustainability reporting in their disclosures. As future frontrunners of the profession, upcoming accountants (UA) must possess a comprehensive understanding of SA to effectively adapt to its emerging global prominence. This in-depth case study explores teaching practices of selected accounting instructors (AI) in Pasay City. Guided by the Interdisciplinary Learning Environment framework, the study used semi-structured interview and content analysis of instructional materials to …

Savior Complex, Stereotyping, Sensationalism Of The Filipino Poor: Critical Media Analysis Of Raffy Tulfo In Action’S Charity Episodes, Charisse Anne C. Bautista N/A, Jamella P. Jamolangue N/A

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

In the Philippines, one of the significant issues in society is the continuous growth of poverty and inequality. In the field of media, poverty porn is a word used to describe any content that exploits the images and narratives of impoverished individuals to gain sympathy, notoriety, and funds for a particular cause. However, there is a lack of research on poverty porn in the social media context, especially in the Philippine landscape. Thus, this study focuses on the portrayal of poverty in social media, specifically in the charity content of Raffy Tulfo in Action YouTube channel. Inductive content analysis was …

Kuya Guard Needs Help!: Replanning Traffic Utility And Road Marking Placement As A Congestion Alleviant In Laguna Boulevard, Laguna, Rocco Nicolas D. Naranjo, Robert Anthony L. Amazona, Harley L. Buensalida, Erian Jeshua F. Margallo

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

Traffic congestion is a widespread issue for commuters, influenced by multiple factors and variables. One such area affected is Laguna Boulevard, a critical road connecting multiple essential facilities in Biñan and Sta. Rosa, including Laguna Technopark and educational institutions like De La Salle University Laguna Campus and Caritas Don Bosco School. The roadway experiences significant congestion during peak hours due to high traffic volumes along segments and intersections impacted by uncoordinated road expansions, inconsistent transitions between one-way and two-way flows, limited sight distances, and obstructive roadside elements that collectively disrupt vehicular movement and compromise safety. This study proposes a replanned …

Yellow Card Declined: Lived Experiences Of Embo Residents' Healthcare Access After The Makati Vs. Taguig Ruling, Wazna L. Amil, Koreen F. Bagapuro, Marvin William J. Alberto

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

In 2023, the three-decade territorial dispute between the cities of Makati and Taguig ended when the Supreme Court ruled to transfer the ten Embo barangays to the latter. One significant consequence of this ruling is the discontinuation of assistance to former Makati residents, particularly healthcare benefits. Understanding how this ruling affects residents’ experiences can provide insights for policy recommendations promoting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 3 and 16. This phenomenological study, grounded in the Adapted Levesque’s Conceptual Framework, gathered data from six participants who were at least 10-year residents of Embo barangay and beneficiaries of Makati and Taguig public …

Art As 'Seeing Business', Geoff Buchan

Talking Heads Seminar Series

The range of what we think and do is limited by what we fail to notice. And because we fail to notice that we fail to notice, there is little we can do to change until we notice how failing to notice shapes our thoughts and deeds – R D Laing Art as ‘Seeing Business’ into a positive participatively planned future. In the mid 1970s, privileged experiences with respected Kimberley Lawmen of high degree gave me a new life purpose. I learnt a new, systemic paradigm for survival through art, and a reason to use my visual talent in society …

Effects Of Dyadic Motivational Interviewing (Mi-Dyad) Program For Improving Activity Participation Of Stroke Survivors And Family Caregivers: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study, Huanya Mou

Sigma Foundation for Nursing Research Grant Reports

This study aimed to assess the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effects of a dyadic motivational interviewing (MI-Dyad) program for stroke survivors and family caregivers (i.e., stroke dyads) (Trial registry: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2500100532).

Video: A Media Revolution?

Communication Research Trends

Revolutions connected with technical inventions have been proclaimed, rightly and wrongly, so often in the recent past that it would seem appropriate to look for another expression just to avoid the danger of trivialization. But all the evidence says that this time we are in the presence of a real revolution and that we should call it by its name.

As a true revolution, the emergence of video has been like an explosion, full of energy and even passion, provoking divisions, inflicting wounds, destroying, upsetting and, also, raising hopes and promising new riches in the so-called "television wasteland". It will …

Exploration Of Adventure-Based Counseling And Its Impact On The Self-Concept Of At-Risk Youth, Kendall Kern, Mary Bess Pannel, Todd Davis, Thales Barbosa

Journal of Academic Underperformance

Background: Integrating experiential therapy techniques with physical activity and nature improves aspects of self-concept: social connectedness, resilience, and healthy coping skills in the short-term for at-risk, underperforming youth (Kraft & Cornelius-White, 2020). Kraft and Cornelius-White (2020) found that wilderness therapy counselors that taught communication skills and prioritized “group cohesion in group therapy” led to positive “changes to self-concept” (p. 350-351). Purpose: The researchers hypothesize that community-based adventure therapy will have a positive impact on the self-concept in at-risk, rural youth. Methodology/Approach: The researchers utilized a quasi-experimental model to assess the impact of adventure therapy on rural at-risk youth (N~6) after …

Breakout Session: Research-Industry Collaboration In Logistics, Imhrc Scientific Committee

International Material Handling Research Colloquium

Editors:

Fabio Sgarbossa, NTNU (Conference Chair)

David Porter, Oregon State University (Conference Co-Chair)

Manjunath Kamath, Oklahoma State University

Shanthi Muthuswamy, Northern Illinois University

Jennifer Pazour, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Costumes, Connections, And Community: An In-Depth Exploration Of The Dynamics Within The Cosplaying Community, Carlo Lagunilla Ortiz, Gabriel Louie Fil Limpin Darang, Danial Mendoza Shomalzadeh, Rodnae Lu Palmito Cayat, Jorge Carle Fontanilla Dacaimat, Carl Rangel Buslayan Dangsi

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

Cosplay is a fun way to express oneself through costumes and roleplay that has given rise to a vibrant global community. While various studies have explored certain elements of this phenomenon, the cosplay community remains partially unexplored. This research aims to further investigate the dynamics of the cosplay community, providing meaningful insights into the identity processes, motivations, sense of belonging, and creativity that define it. Using in-depth interviews and online questionnaires, the research examines how cosplayers interact with community-building, creativity, identity, and self-expression. Findings reveal that cosplayers actively engage with these aspects as they inspire, interact, and guide others, fostering …

Testing The Effectiveness Of Mango (Mangifera Indica) And Apple (Malus Pumila) Peels As An Active Ingredient In A Corrosion Inhibitor Spray For Galvanized Iron Pipes, Sheikh Mahrufa C. Islam, Tom Iric C. Donato, Charlie Mark E. Bumanglag, Nigel Red M. Lopez, Cye Guiller S. Evangelista

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

Corrosion in galvanized iron pipes (GIPs) poses significant challenges to water distribution systems, leading to structural degradation and public health risks. This study developed and assessed the efficacy of Mangifera indica (mango) and Malus pumila (apple) peel extracts as active ingredients in a corrosion inhibitor spray for galvanized iron pipes, using maceration to prepare 70% concentration extracts and testing them on GIPs immersed in 3 M hydrochloric acid for eight days. Results showed the combined extract exhibited the highest inhibition efficiency (27.71%), lowest thickness loss (1.449 × 10⁻³ cm), and minimal discoloration, outperforming individual extracts (apple: 23.76%; mango: 10.87%) and …

Development And Performance Evaluation Of Eco-Floor Tiles Made From Avocado (Persea Americana) Seeds, And Mango (Mangifera Indica) Seeds And Peels, Mark Dominique P. Mendoza, Kristine Cassandra T. Cacapit, Zion Ezekiel Micaiah Navia, Stephanie Anne A. Lim, Dominique Mae R. Gobaton, Jace Earl P. Gabitan, Gasper Juleo L. Otgalon, Josh Ryley C. Angeles, Hanz Mikkel A. Arnuza, Gwynette R. Legaspi

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

The growing demand for sustainable construction materials has led to increased interest in utilizing agricultural wastes as eco-friendly alternatives. This study examines the potential of Avocado Seeds (AS), Mango Seeds (MS), and Mango Peels (MP) as additives in eco-floor tile production, incorporating them into cement mixtures through a quasi-experimental design. Various proportions of these agricultural by-products, collectively termed as Seeds and Peels Mixtures (SPM) were evaluated for compressive strength, flexural strength, and water absorption. A One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was conducted to assess the effects of different additive ratios. Results revealed that compressive strength peaked at 49.40 MPa with …

Asclepad: Synthesis Of A Sustainable Bio-Wound Dressing Pad Using Chitosan And Vitamin C Infused Milkfish (Chanos Chanos) Skin For Advanced Wound Care, Diether Mark A. Lucero, Ramon Jacob L. Caluag, Juan Miguel M. Elayda

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

Medical waste is an overlooked issue posing a significant environmental and public health threat, with 4.7 billion tons generated annually, accounting for 3% of overall waste, and wound dressing pads being a major contributor. Vitamin C, involved in all phases of wound healing, demonstrates synergy with Chitosan, a polysaccharide ideal for medical and cosmetic applications. Milkfish (Chanos chanos) skin, a dominant commercial fish in the Philippines, shows synergy with Chitosan and Vitamin C in wound healing. Thus, aligning with SDGs 3, 12, and 13, this study aims to synthesize and evaluate AsclePad, a sustainable wound dressing pad infused …

Iah-Net (Informative Air Quality And Heat Index Network): Drone-Assisted System For Real-Time Air Quality And Heat Index Monitoring, Brent Breo B. Magbanua

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

Air pollution and rising temperatures threaten public health and safety, necessitating advanced monitoring solutions. This study developed a drone-assisted system for autonomous air quality and heat index monitoring, ensuring real-time alerts even without human presence. By integrating the K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) machine learning algorithm, the system provides an innovative and cost-effective approach to identifying environmental risks and raising awareness. The system consists of a Drone system, ESP32, MQ-135 gas sensor, and DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor for data acquisition. Software development includes implementing the K-NN algorithm and calibrating sensors to enhance classification accuracy. The system categorizes air quality as SAFE, …

Love Across Borders: A Qualitative Exploration Of Cultural Dynamics In The Romantic Relationships Of Foreign Students And Their Filipino Partners, Charlene Lorraine Posadas Jandoc, Katrizza Tabangcura Pingil, Gabrielle Malig Dayoan, Frances Niña Gaffud Co, Rhiezhan Ghael Espiritu Jamorabon, Simon Sebastian Tampoc Hiyadan

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

Globalization has significantly impacted education in the Philippines, notably with the influx of international students coming into the country for educational opportunities. This phenomenon has led to numerous studies examining the various aspects of their experiences, such as their cultural adaptation processes, academic difficulties, and economic contributions. However, their interpersonal relationships, particularly their more intimate connections, have been largely overlooked. This study aims to probe into this, focusing on the dynamics, navigation strategies, and external influences that shape these relationships. Utilizing both online and face-to-face interviews, as well as online surveys, the experiences of nine (9) intercultural couples, each of …

Evaluating The Absorption Capacity And Ph Level Properties Of Varying Ratios Of Garlic (Allium Sativum) And Onion (Allium Cepa) Peels For The Absorbent Core Of Sanitary Napkins, Rhys Mari C. Cortezano, Jezreel Keren C. Manait, Avryl Charlizze P. Sampan, Alyannah Dennise C. Castro, Isabelle C. Romero, Denise Diosa P. Dela Peña, Denisse C. Delfin, Fresie Camille O. Abonal, Samantha Louisse M. Sarmiento, Kenneth Andre E. Pascual

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

Considering the need for sustainable and enhanced menstrual hygiene products, this study aimed to assess the absorption capacity and average pH value of varying ratios of onion (Allium cepa) and garlic (Allium sativum) peels in developing an eco-friendly absorbent core for sanitary napkins. Employing a pre-experimental one-shot case design, the experimental group is subjected to pH and absorbency tests. The evaluation focused on measures of absorbency and pH levels of the sanitary napkin cores made from three different fiber ratios: 6g onion-4g garlic, 4g onion-6g garlic, and 5g onion-5g garlic, each combined with 10g of organic cotton. Results indicated that …

Just B, Lance Matthew G. Sanico, Emiel Shayleigh V. Balais, Kim Angeline A. Mendoza, Iris Casey E. Pabilona

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

Formed by Ohana in May 2024, Just B provides quality gadget sleeves to the market. The business began promoting through an introductory post on its Facebook and Instagram pages. Currently, Just B is at the stage of product commercialization, serving in the technology accessory industry. Several prominent features of its products are customizability, durability, and compactness. Simultaneously, Just B owns business rights to its brand logo, tagline, and name. Ohana functions as a sole proprietorship organization due to its advantages, such as minimal startup requirements. Behind Ohana are Chief Executive Officer Lance Sanico, Chief Marketing Officer Emiel Balais, Chief Logistics …

Customer Satisfaction On Self-Ordering Kiosk, Aubrae Frances E. Bannawi, Shanlyn D. Licpaen, Rochelle T. Dinayugan, Melgien F. Saspa, Sharla Angeline M. Ababulon, John Ethaniel C. Arnaiz, Katharine Althea J. Campos

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

This study investigated the impact of self-ordering kiosks on customers' satisfaction in two fast-food chains in Baguio City, focusing on three aspects: user-friendliness, screen design, and technical issues. Technologies like self-ordering kiosks are becoming more popular than the previous years. Thus, restaurants are implementing them to improve restaurant operations and service. Self-ordering kiosks have a large touchscreen that allows customers to place orders, customize, and pay for their meals with minimal or no employee involvement. A descriptive research design was employed, and data were gathered from 473 customers using survey questionnaires. The data gathered is analyzed using the weighted mean …

South’In, Sa’Tin: Satin-Lined Caps To Counter Hair Thinning, Gian Dormido, Ethan Rafael F. Navarra, Alyana Isabel B. Acuña, Sofia Angela M. Ordoña, Franzin Esra R. Quintana, Generie M. Manuel

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

Founded in May 2024 to address scalp and hair health issues common among Gen Zs, South’In was organized by five De La Salle University SHS ABM students. The group conceptualized and crafted a bull cap brand that innovates traditional headwear through satin-lined caps. With an investment of ₱25,000.00, the venture initially earned ₱6,002.50 in net profit during its initial launch. Operating as a sole proprietorship with a functional structure, South’In offers its distinct fusion of satin’s hair and scalp benefits with everyday cap comfort, making it unique both in purpose and product. The cap design comes with three interchangeable fins …

Skitchi, Julianne Danielle C. Briones, Chester A. Del Rosario, Spyrus A. Garcia, Megan Samantha L. Te, Kristine Nicole Q. Vila

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

Skitchi is a bag business established in 2024 by five students from De La Salle University-Manila’s Accountancy, Business, and Management strand, namely Kristine Vila, Megan Te, Julianne Briones, Chester Del Rosario, and Spyrus Garcia. Operating under a sole proprietorship, the team shares a unified vision of promoting sustainability through practical, affordable, and stylish canvas bags with patches crafted from “katsa” or recycled sackcloth. In response to the growing issue of fabric waste, Skitchi sources leftover katsa from local stores in Marikina. The bags are produced in Bulacan, with patches sewn by Marikina seamstresses, demonstrating the company’s commitment to sustainable practices …