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The Degree Of Application Of School Principals In Ajloun Governorate Of Public Health And Safety Standards From The Teachers' Point Of View, Taghreed Al-Momani, Ahmad Rathwan Aug 2025

The Degree Of Application Of School Principals In Ajloun Governorate Of Public Health And Safety Standards From The Teachers' Point Of View, Taghreed Al-Momani, Ahmad Rathwan

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to assess the degree to which school principals in Ajloun Governorate apply public health and safety standards from the teachers' perspective. It also sought to determine the impact of the variables (gender, educational stage, and school type) on teachers' evaluations of their principals' application of these standards. The sample of the study consisted of 437 teachers and was chosen using a stratified random sampling method. A descriptive survey methodology was employed, and a questionnaire was used to collect data in order to achieve the objectives of the study. The results indicated that the degree of application of …

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The Impact Of Working Capital Management On Operating Income: An Analytical Study Of Industrial Companies Listed On The Palestine Exchange, Hamdi Zourb, Mohammad Al-Masri Aug 2025

The Impact Of Working Capital Management On Operating Income: An Analytical Study Of Industrial Companies Listed On The Palestine Exchange, Hamdi Zourb, Mohammad Al-Masri

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to identify the impact of working capital management on the operating return of industrial companies listed on the Palestine Exchange during the period from 2010 to 2014, totaling 12 companies. To achieve this objective, the impact of the cash conversion cycle, along with its three components, was tested as independent variables on operating income, which served as the dependent variable. Data were collected from the financial reports of the sampled companies. Simple regression analysis was employed to determine the effect of working capital management as a separate variable on operating profit as a dependent variable. The study …

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Human-Machine Communication: Complete Volume. Volume 10 Aug 2025

Human-Machine Communication: Complete Volume. Volume 10

Human-Machine Communication

This is the complete volume of HMC Volume 10.

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Creepy, Invasive, And Exploitative Algorithms: A Cpm Analysis Of Users' Privacy Breakdowns And Recalibration Practices With Social Media Algorithms, Matthew J. A. Craig, Jeffrey T. Child Aug 2025

Creepy, Invasive, And Exploitative Algorithms: A Cpm Analysis Of Users' Privacy Breakdowns And Recalibration Practices With Social Media Algorithms, Matthew J. A. Craig, Jeffrey T. Child

Human-Machine Communication

Social media content filtering algorithms can both provide desired personalized content and ads for users. However, sometimes these recommendations can resemble individual private information. How might users navigate these experiences to best manage their private information? The present exploratory study utilizes the rules- and systems-based framework of communication privacy management (CPM) theory to explore social media users’ experiences of privacy breakdowns with social media algorithms and investigates what users do in response to said breakdowns. These responses were refined using content analysis and divided into different categories of privacy breakdowns and recalibration strategies. Implications for future research surrounding human-machine communication …

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The Hai-Io Model: A Framework For Understanding The Human-Ai Communication Process, Rae Francis Quilantang Aug 2025

The Hai-Io Model: A Framework For Understanding The Human-Ai Communication Process, Rae Francis Quilantang

Human-Machine Communication

The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into daily life calls for new theoretical frameworks that capture human-AI interaction’s dynamic, feedback-driven nature. Traditional models treat AI as a passive medium, overlooking its adaptive capabilities. This paper proposes the Human-AI Interaction Outcomes (HAI-IO) model, an interdisciplinary framework synthesizing human-machine communication, social exchange theory, dialogue systems, and computational feedback models like cybernetics and reinforcement learning. The HAI-IO model frames interaction as iterative and bidirectional—AI adapts through predictive processing while users adjust based on AI feedback. This mutual adaptation shapes trust, engagement, and system optimization. The model informs AI system design, user education, …

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Development And Validation Of The Attitudes Toward Algorithms Scale: A Universal Scale To Measure Individuals Attitudes Toward Algorithmic Decision-Making, Nikolai Bock, Astrid M. Rosenthal-Von Der Pütten Aug 2025

Development And Validation Of The Attitudes Toward Algorithms Scale: A Universal Scale To Measure Individuals Attitudes Toward Algorithmic Decision-Making, Nikolai Bock, Astrid M. Rosenthal-Von Der Pütten

Human-Machine Communication

Algorithmic decision-making (ADM) has become increasingly important across various fields, ranging from personal entertainment to criminal justice. While existing research has predominantly explored evaluative outcomes like individuals’ perceptions and interactions with these systems, there remains a significant gap in understanding the underlying mechanisms that lead to these outcomes. Building on traditional behavioral intention theories, we identified attitudes toward algorithms and ADM as crucial determinants. In response to the lack of an appropriate measure for this construct, we developed and validated the Attitudes Toward Algorithmic Decision-Making Scale (ATAS), a novel instrument designed to assess core beliefs that drive attitude formation toward …

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College Students’ Perceptions Of Artificial Intelligence (Ai) Risks And Benefits In Pakistan, Rauf Arif, Muhammad Ittefaq, Lamia Zia Aug 2025

College Students’ Perceptions Of Artificial Intelligence (Ai) Risks And Benefits In Pakistan, Rauf Arif, Muhammad Ittefaq, Lamia Zia

Human-Machine Communication

With the rapid advancements in technology over the past 2 decades, it has become crucial to understand people’s attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI) adoption and its associated risks. Given the increasing access to the AI technologies, it is imperative to examine how young people in non-Western societies like Pakistan perceive AI risks and benefits. We conducted an online survey of college students who had used AI technology in the past 6 months. The results of our study indicate that the majority of college students view AI technology positively and perceive it as an opportunity to enhance workplace productivity. In addition, …

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Casa Renovations: Examining Social Responses To An Anthropomorphic Media Representative That Is Separate From The Core Technology Being Represented, Rabindra Ratan, Dayeoun Jang, Taenyun Kim, Kelsey Earle, Gabriel E. Hales, Yiming Skylar Lei, Chaeyun Lim, Andrew Gambino Aug 2025

Casa Renovations: Examining Social Responses To An Anthropomorphic Media Representative That Is Separate From The Core Technology Being Represented, Rabindra Ratan, Dayeoun Jang, Taenyun Kim, Kelsey Earle, Gabriel E. Hales, Yiming Skylar Lei, Chaeyun Lim, Andrew Gambino

Human-Machine Communication

To extend our understanding of CASA and account for changes in technological complexity and configuration, this research asks: Do increasing levels of social cues in a media representative that is separate from the core technology it represents lead to increased perceived anthropomorphism of the core technology? And does such perceived anthropomorphism predict positive treatment of the core technology? We conducted two complementary studies observing e-scooter use and treatment, an online experiment focused on responses to video stimuli and a field experiment focused on actual user behavior. Findings suggest that, indeed, social cues in a media representative (i.e., an e-scooter rental …

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Transformations And Revelations: The Communicative Constitution Of Trustworthiness And Trust Through Ai Development Practices, Tessa Bruijne, Anouk Mols, Jason Pridmore Aug 2025

Transformations And Revelations: The Communicative Constitution Of Trustworthiness And Trust Through Ai Development Practices, Tessa Bruijne, Anouk Mols, Jason Pridmore

Human-Machine Communication

This study explores AI development practices to understand how trustworthiness is built into AI systems, and how this generates trust in AI. Through a multi-sited ethnography based methodology, we analyze observations, interviews, and documentation from AI developers working on trustworthy AI. Our analysis shows two key practices: transformation and revelation. Through transformational AI development practices trustworthiness is (re)constituted, though more or lesser degrees. Through revelation practices, AI developers communicatively engage with others to generate trust. This focus on developers adds to the user-centric perspective and shows the role nontechnical development practices have in shaping trust and trustworthy AI before it …

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Socio-Technical Exchange With Machines: Worker Experiences With Complex Work Technologies, Cameron W. Piercy, Reaia Turner-Leatherman Aug 2025

Socio-Technical Exchange With Machines: Worker Experiences With Complex Work Technologies, Cameron W. Piercy, Reaia Turner-Leatherman

Human-Machine Communication

Machines are now commonplace work partners and Human-Machine Communication (HMC) is part of modern work. Guided by the machine heuristic and Social Exchange Theory (SET) this paper uses interviews with 22 workers to explore the socio-technical relationships between humans and machines at work. Participants worked with complex machines across a wide variety of industries and roles and findings reveal participants see machines as part of the work ecosystem, develop everyday machine heuristics to guide repeated interactions with machines, and that elements of human uniqueness persist in evaluations of humans and machines. Discussion points emphasize situated and developing human-machine interaction scripts, …

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Prompted By Me. Generated By Chatgpt, David J. Gunkel Aug 2025

Prompted By Me. Generated By Chatgpt, David J. Gunkel

Human-Machine Communication

This essay—which is not only about human-machine collaboration but is a performance in human-machine collaboration—interrogates the shifting terrain of authorship and creativity in the age of generative artificial intelligence (GAI). Challenging both the instrumentalist view of technology and the romantic myth of the singular genius, it argues for a reconceptualization of creative production as distributed, dialogical, and co-constituted. Drawing on both theoretical innovations in poststructuralism and the practices of pre- and post-modern content creators, the essay repositions the algorithm not as a mere tool but as an active participant in the generation of meaning. In doing so, it exposes and …

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Being And Becoming In Human-Machine Communication: Core Commitments And Conceptual Foundations Of A Trans-Ontological Field, Autumn P. Edwards, Katrin Etzrodt Aug 2025

Being And Becoming In Human-Machine Communication: Core Commitments And Conceptual Foundations Of A Trans-Ontological Field, Autumn P. Edwards, Katrin Etzrodt

Human-Machine Communication

This introduction traces the emergence of Human-Machine Communication (HMC) as a distinct field centered on communication across ontological boundaries. Arguing that HMC is not merely about interacting with machines but about how communicative presence and legitimacy are constituted, the authors introduce the Act–Mean–Relate (AMR) paradigm to conceptualize how machines’ capacity for action, signification, and relation enable communication. HMC challenges human exceptionalism by shifting focus from internal states and categorical differences to symbolic and relational dynamics. It addresses the interpretive labor involved in making machine others intelligible and emphasizes communication as the co-construction of social reality. The article highlights tensions between …

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Waging War With Gold: National Security And The Finance Domain Across The Ages, Anand Toprani, Charles A. Dainoff, Robert M. Farley, Geoffrey F. Williams Aug 2025

Waging War With Gold: National Security And The Finance Domain Across The Ages, Anand Toprani, Charles A. Dainoff, Robert M. Farley, Geoffrey F. Williams

Naval War College Review

No abstract provided.

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The U.S. Navy And Its Cold War Alliances, 1945–1953, Thomas-Durell Young, Corbin Williamson Aug 2025

The U.S. Navy And Its Cold War Alliances, 1945–1953, Thomas-Durell Young, Corbin Williamson

Naval War College Review

No abstract provided.

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The United States–South Korea Alliance: Why It May Fail And Why It Must Not, J. Scott Shaffer, Scott A. Snyder Aug 2025

The United States–South Korea Alliance: Why It May Fail And Why It Must Not, J. Scott Shaffer, Scott A. Snyder

Naval War College Review

No abstract provided.

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21st Century Mahan: Sound Military Conclusions For The Modern Era, Rev. Ed, Michael Romero, Benjamin F. Armstrong Aug 2025

21st Century Mahan: Sound Military Conclusions For The Modern Era, Rev. Ed, Michael Romero, Benjamin F. Armstrong

Naval War College Review

No abstract provided.

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Contemporary Security Issues In Africa, Richard Norton, William A. Taylor Aug 2025

Contemporary Security Issues In Africa, Richard Norton, William A. Taylor

Naval War College Review

No abstract provided.

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The Wager: A Tale Of Shipwreck, Mutiny, And Murder, Scott Cauble, David Grann Aug 2025

The Wager: A Tale Of Shipwreck, Mutiny, And Murder, Scott Cauble, David Grann

Naval War College Review

No abstract provided.

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The Kamikaze Throughline—U.S. Fleet Air Defense From Imperial Japan To Drones, Tyler A. Pitrof Aug 2025

The Kamikaze Throughline—U.S. Fleet Air Defense From Imperial Japan To Drones, Tyler A. Pitrof

Naval War College Review

Since World War II, fleet air defense has been organized around the principle of engaging threats as far out from the fleet as possible, motivated by early failures to engage the kamikaze threat. This approach remains as vital as ever and progressively more challenging in the face of the contemporary threats posed by cruise missiles and—increasingly—by drone warfare.

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Okinawa And The Offshore Island Chain—Eisenhower’S Joint Chiefs And The Foundation Of Strategic Flexibility, Dylan Yachyshen Aug 2025

Okinawa And The Offshore Island Chain—Eisenhower’S Joint Chiefs And The Foundation Of Strategic Flexibility, Dylan Yachyshen

Naval War College Review

With the end of the Korean War and acceleration of the Cold War, debate in the 1950s over how to posture U.S. forces in the Pacific against threats from the People’s Republic of China focused on what now is known as the first island chain. Decisions hinged on differing interpretations of the concept of “strategic flexibility” and established the foundation of continued U.S. presence in the region today.

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Short-Term Solutions, Long-Term Problems—The U.S. Navy’S Approach To Mines During The Tanker War, Matthew Kastler Aug 2025

Short-Term Solutions, Long-Term Problems—The U.S. Navy’S Approach To Mines During The Tanker War, Matthew Kastler

Naval War College Review

Mine warfare is a persistent threat to naval operations and ocean commerce, and yet it remains a persistent area of underinvestment by the U.S. Navy. The recent history of the Navy’s improvisational approach to emergent mine threats suggests how the Navy might succeed by “preparing to be unprepared” before it faces mines again.

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The Riparian Logic Of The Montreux Convention In Turkey’S Black Sea Policy, Daria Isachenko Aug 2025

The Riparian Logic Of The Montreux Convention In Turkey’S Black Sea Policy, Daria Isachenko

Naval War College Review

Turkey’s policies often appear at odds with its position in NATO and the broad direction of its allies. These polices become less mysterious when it is understood that Turkey’s strategic imperatives are driven by its unique position as gatekeeper to the Black Sea and the dynamics introduced by the tiered rights granted by the Montreaux Convention.

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New Thinking For A New Age—Competing Visions Of American Grand Strategy In The Twenty-First Century, Peter Dombrowski, Simon Reich Aug 2025

New Thinking For A New Age—Competing Visions Of American Grand Strategy In The Twenty-First Century, Peter Dombrowski, Simon Reich

Naval War College Review

The contemporary grand strategy debate between deep engagement and restraint is inadequate both to contemporary geopolitical realities and to the strategies American presidents have actually pursued in recent decades. This updated typology of grand strategies sets the stage for a reinvigorated and more informed debate and research program.

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Management Or Misdirection—Competing Logics For Military-To-Military Contacts Between Great-Power Rivals, Travis Sharp Aug 2025

Management Or Misdirection—Competing Logics For Military-To-Military Contacts Between Great-Power Rivals, Travis Sharp

Naval War College Review

Contacts between militaries have long been viewed as positive, but history demonstrates their potential for exploitation. The intensity of great-power competition requires a more thorough understanding of the logics behind these activities. This novel typology of the different motivations behind pursuing or engaging in contacts with another military suggests how planners and practitioners can best plan how, and whether, to engage with rivals and friends alike.

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President's Forum, Darryl "D-Day" Walker Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy, President, Naval War College Aug 2025

President's Forum, Darryl "D-Day" Walker Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy, President, Naval War College

Naval War College Review

No abstract provided.

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From The Editors, Jonathan D. Caverley Interim Editor Aug 2025

From The Editors, Jonathan D. Caverley Interim Editor

Naval War College Review

No abstract provided.

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Winter/Spring 2025 Full Issue, The U.S. Naval War College Aug 2025

Winter/Spring 2025 Full Issue, The U.S. Naval War College

Naval War College Review

No abstract provided.

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Reviving The Value Creation Principle In International Taxation, Mohanad Salaimi Aug 2025

Reviving The Value Creation Principle In International Taxation, Mohanad Salaimi

Florida Tax Review

This Article aims to clarify the value creation principle and its role in shaping international tax policy that aligns taxation with the location of economic activity. It examines recent developments in international taxation, including aligning taxation with the place of substance, taxing “excess returns” and allocating taxing rights to market jurisdictions, each addressing different aspects of value creation. The Article advocates for a balanced profit allocation method that considers both supply-side and demand-side factors, offering a comprehensive approach to developing a fair and effective international tax framework.

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Reforming Business Taxation By Introducing A Resident Owner-Based Business Income Tax (Robit), Savvas Kostikidis Aug 2025

Reforming Business Taxation By Introducing A Resident Owner-Based Business Income Tax (Robit), Savvas Kostikidis

Florida Tax Review

Fighting corporate tax avoidance is not a suitable method to save the integrity of the corporate tax. Rather, more fundamental reform is needed focusing on taxing the individual shareholders at residence. For this purpose, this Article proposes a resident owner-based business income tax (ROBIT).

The ROBIT retains taxation at the entity level but provides for reduced flat tax rates for all business enterprises, taxation only of the rent by introducing an ACE regime, and exemption of inter-company dividends. At the level of the individual shareholder, dividends and capital gains are taxed as ordinary income. Integration takes place via an imputation …

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Phantom Tax Loopholes, Emily Cauble Aug 2025

Phantom Tax Loopholes, Emily Cauble

Florida Tax Review

This Article reports the results of a new survey of 726 U.S. adults designed to gauge people’s intuitions about tax law. Survey respondents consider several scenarios. In each scenario, the survey describes two ways that parties to a transaction can achieve their non-tax objectives. The two available routes are equivalent from a non-tax perspective. The survey asks respondents to provide their best guess about whether the two routes will produce the same or different U.S. federal income tax consequences. The survey asks respondents to rate on a five-point scale how confident they are that their answer is correct and to …

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