Digital Commons Network^™

What To Do About The Decay Of The Conventions Of The Canadian Constitution, Léonid Sirota

Dalhousie Law Journal

Constitutional conventions are central to the operation of the Canadian constitution. Yet because they are not legislated rules, their coming into being and disappearance can be subject to considerable uncertainty. Worse, it appears that conventions can disappear or be replaced inadvertently, without anyone fully appreciating that this is happening. This article describes this process in relation to three conventions of the Canadian constitution: the one regulating the appointment of the Chief Justice of Canada, the convention of civil service neutrality, and the convention governing the choice of Prime Minister in a hung Parliament. It argues that these conventions are being …

Evaluating The Effects Of Autonomous Learning, Goal Orientation And Self-Efficacy On The Academic Performance Of Ethiopian Stem Students’ Through Structural Equation Modeling (Sem), Jerusalem Yizengaw, Asnake Tarekegn Nigussie

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

The study investigates the relationships among self-efficacy, goal orientation, and autonomous learning and how these factors affect Ethiopian STEM students’ academic performance. A descriptive survey design using mixed-methods research was used. Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were employed to gather data from eight teachers and 151 STEM students. CFA and EFA attested to the validity and reliability of the questionnaires. Quantitative data were assessed using structural equation modeling (SEM), and qualitative data were analyzed using word descriptions. Self-efficacy was positively correlated with STEM students’ academic performance (β = .12, p < .01), whereas autonomous learning and goal orientation were negatively correlated (β = -.01, p < .01) and (β = -.04, p < .01), respectively. Findings suggest that techniques that help Ethiopian STEM students develop self-efficacy should be prioritized, with implications for curriculum design and instructional approaches. According to the findings, methods that support Ethiopian STEM students in developing self-efficacy should be prioritized, with consequences for instructional strategies and curriculum design. Although self-belief appears crucial for success, further research is required to fully understand the complex interaction of these factors in Ethiopia and other contexts.

Ai-Generated Content In Education: Moving Beyond Theory Toward Data-Driven And Actionable Insights, Huong Thi Pham, Nhung Thi Phuong Nguyen

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

The emergence of AI-powered content such as text, images, and videos generated by large language models (LLMs) has rapidly transitioned from an experimental novelty to a structural force in higher education. Yet, previous reviews have remained largely conceptual or focused on the early stages of the AI wave. This study offers an updated, multi-faceted overview of AI-generated content in education based on data from 2022 to 2025. Following the PRISMA protocol, we systematically identified and reviewed 64 peer-reviewed studies to examine usage, transformation of teaching practices, impacts on learning outcomes, and challenges related to academic integrity, bias, trustworthiness, and teacher …

"Teas[Ing] The Patient Needle": Needlework, Intersectionality, And Kinesthetic Memory In Elizabeth Barrett Browning's 'Aurora Leigh' And George Eliot's 'Middlemarch', Grace Lukens

Student Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Emotional Intelligence And Self-Efficacy In Relation To Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role Of Job Satisfaction And Organizational Commitment In Faith-Based K–12 Education, Nestor Osorio

Dissertations

Problem

Leadership turnover remains a significant challenge within faith-based K–12 educational systems, affecting organizational stability, school culture, and long-term institutional effectiveness. Although previous studies have examined turnover intention in educational leadership, limited research has explored how emotional intelligence and principal self-efficacy relate to turnover intention through organizational attitudes such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment within faith-based educational settings. Additionally, little empirical research has focused specifically on educational leaders serving within the North American Division (NAD) of Seventh-day Adventist schools. This study examined the extent to which emotional intelligence, principal self- efficacy, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment are associated with …

Widening The Avenues For Rehabilitation And Release In The Criminal Legal System Through A Revision Of The First Step Act's Safety Valve Provision In Response To Pulsifer, Drew Svensson

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The note argues that the Supreme Court's decision in Pulsifer v. United States severely undermines the First Step Act by restrictively interpreting the safety valve provision, thereby limiting judicial discretion and increasing incarceration. To remedy this, the note proposes legislative revisions to the safety valve to expand eligibility for relief from mandatory minimums while maintaining public safety.

Hidden In Code: Unmasking Al Bias In Hiring, Katie Rubin

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The note argues that while AI-driven hiring tools offer efficiency, they often automate and amplify systemic biases by relying on flawed historical data, creating a "hidden" form of discrimination. The analysis asserts that existing legal frameworks are inadequate for addressing these algorithmic harms, necessitating urgent federal reforms to ensure transparency and accountability.

Beyond Sports: Recognizing College-Athletes As Employees In The Pursuit Of Fairness, Hannah Cohen

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The note argues that student-athletes should be legally classified as employees under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) because the traditional amateurism model no longer reflects the economic realities of modern collegiate sports. By applying established legal tests, the analysis asserts that recognizing this employment status is essential to ensuring social justice, fundamental fairness, and basic workplace protections for athletes.

Race Conscious Programs After Students For Fair Admissions, Seonwoo Kim

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The note argues that the federal government can legally mitigate geographical segregation and economic oppression by implementing race-conscious infrastructure and procurement policies. It contends that such efforts remain a compelling state interest under the strict scrutiny standards established in Students for Fair Admissions (SFFA), provided they are designed to remedy specific, identifiable past government discrimination.

Development And Psychometric Validation Of A Short-Form Critical Thinking Scale In Generative Ai Contexts (Genai–Crt): Evidence From Vietnamese Efl Learners, Ngo Cong-Lem, Thang T. Nguyen, Khanh N. H. Nguyen, Quyen N. H. Nguyen

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

The rapid spread of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in education has intensified concerns about its impact on learners’ critical thinking, underscoring the need for reliable instruments to assess how students engage critically with AI-generated content. This study adapted, developed, and initially validated the Generative AI–Critical Thinking (GenAI–CrT) scale, an eight-item short-form instrument designed to capture EFL learners’ critical thinking in AI-enhanced learning contexts. Data from 233 Vietnamese undergraduates and graduates underwent exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, supporting a theoretically grounded four-factor structure comprising analytical skills, logical reasoning, evidence evaluation, and open-mindedness. The scale demonstrated excellent model fit (χ²(14) = 23.49, …

Trends And Innovations In The Development Of Immersive Technology In Science Education (2019-2024): A Literature Review, Aziz Kurniawan, Hartono Hartono, Bambang Subali

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact, including the change in learning methods from face-to-face to non-face-to-face learning. This change in method accelerates innovation in the use of technology to support non-face-to-face learning. Immersive technologies, such as Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Virtual laboratories, have offered authentic and interactive non-face-to-face learning experiences in science education. This study employed a systematic literature review (SLR) method to map trends and innovations in the development of immersive technology in science education from 2019 to 2024. The literature data were obtained from the Scopus database and then selected using the PRISMA …

Speaking Up Online And Offline: The Effects Of Social Media-Based E-Portfolios In Empowering Efl Students' Speaking Performance, I Putu Indra Kusuma, Luh Indrayani

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

Although e-portfolios are widely acknowledged for enhancing EFL students’ speaking skills, most studies assessed performances offline, leaving limited evidence of their impact across both modes. This study examined the effects of social media-based e-portfolios combined with classroom instruction on students’ speaking performance in online and offline contexts. A mixed-methods experimental design was employed, involving 46 Indonesian university students divided into an experimental and a control group. Data were collected through online and offline pre- and post-speaking tests, a speaking performance rubric, and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative analysis using One-Way MANOVA, Univariate ANOVA, paired sample t-test, and effect size revealed significant improvements …

Case-Based Learning In Biology Education: A Systematic Literature Review, Elsje Theodora Maasawet, Jullya Christin Kolow

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

Biology education often relies on content-intensive instructional materials that may encourage rote memorisation rather than conceptual understanding, potentially contributing to misconceptions. Case-Based Learning (CBL) offers an alternative by engaging students in applying biological concepts to authentic, real-life cases and promoting meaningful learning. Despite growing empirical interest in CBL, no systematic literature review has specifically synthesised its application in biology education. This study therefore examined publication trends, learning skills addressed, and conceptualisations of CBL in biology education. Relevant literature was retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science using “Case-Based Learning” as the search term. Following PRISMA-guided screening, 42 articles were included …

Research On Online Public Opinion Patterns Under The Boundary Between Local And Non-Local Students In Dse: A Case Study Of Social Media Texts And Comments, Yat Him, Eugene Chan, Chang Liu

Department of Hospitality and Business Management

This study focuses on the topic of local and non-local students in the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (DSE), collecting 1203 social media texts and comment data from Douyin and Xiaohongshu (Little Red Book) platforms, employing sentiment analysis and topic identification techniques to explore the characteristics of online public opinion patterns. The research findings reveal that overall public opinion exhibits a neutral tendency (79.8%), with an average sentiment score of 0.14. DSE-related discussions totaled 216 entries, local student-related discussions 146 entries, non-local student-related discussions 41 entries, and comparative discussions 35 entries. Significant emotional differences exist among different groups, with …

Integrating Digital Tools To Foster Soft Skills In Vocational Education: A Flipped Classroom Approach In China, Shanshan Wu, Renee Shiun Yee Chew, Yanhua Bi, Hui Jin

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

Changes in the global demand for labor have highlighted the need for vocational education and training (VET) systems to develop not only technical skills but also soft skills like critical thinking, communication, and adaptability. This research investigates the use of digital technologies in a flipped classroom (FC) model and their impact on the development of soft skills in vocational students with particular attention to the growing VET ecosystem in China. With data gathered from a cross-sectional quantitative survey of 270 students from a Chinese vocational college, the research seeks to assess the impact of specific digital tools, such as video …

Shaping Resources And Equity To Improve Student Outcomes In Virginia’S Public Schools, Nia Byas, Ashley Coles, Briana Jones

The Grace E. Harris Leadership Institute Publications

School efficiency reviews are an essential accountability tool that protects classroom dollars, can generate long-term savings, and equitably improve student outcomes. Conducting a review every 10 years balances accountability with fiscal practicality and is extremely valuable as school districts face funding cuts.

Pilot Program For Telemental Health Access To Rural Underserved Localities, Traci Brickhouse Jones, Sarah Kott, Oswaldo Moreno, Aneida Winston

The Grace E. Harris Leadership Institute Publications

This proposal recommends legislation directing Virginia Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services to establish a two-year pilot program focused on expanding telemental health access in rural Virginia. The purpose of the pilot is to address persistent behavioral health disparities in areas where residents face major barriers to obtaining timely mental health care.

The legislation is designed to build on existing telehealth infrastructure and aligns with Virginia’s Statewide Telehealth Plan under § 32.1-122.03:1, which already supports broader use of telehealth services across the Commonwealth. By creating a focused pilot first, the state can test implementation strategies before considering broader expansion.

Civic Engagement Education & Voter Preparedness Act, Monica Callahan-Smith, Elia Molina-Valenzuela, Kevin Starlings, Raven Sharrieff

The Grace E. Harris Leadership Institute Publications

Objective: To establish a structured, equitable, and consistent approach to civic education for all Virginia high school students.

Focus: Concentrates on practical voter readiness and high school instruction to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and active participation.

Trauma-Informed Approach In The Carceral System, Katherine Means, Adrienne Jackson, Tayia West, Kenneth Hunter

The Grace E. Harris Leadership Institute Publications

This proposal seeks to establish a foundation to drive the development of a comprehensive, trauma-informed framework for Virginia Department of Corrections by identifying opportunities and recommendations for implementation.

This proposal aims to improve VADOC’s adherence to a true structure of rehabilitation, leading to the adoption of a statewide trauma-informed corrections statute.

A Path Towards Housing Sustainability: Eviction Record Expungement Reform, Frank Molina-Valenzuela, Taisha Steele, Brandi Daniels, Tamara Del Rosario

The Grace E. Harris Leadership Institute Publications

The Problem: Confronting the "Scarlet Letter" of Housing

No Virginian should be denied a home because of a dismissed legal filing or a resolved financial hurdle from the past. In Virginia, the mere filing of an unlawful detainer (eviction) creates a permanent public record regardless of the outcome. The new permanent record acts as a "scarlet letter" in the form of a 7 to 10 year shameful blemish on their public record.

Storytelling & Simulation-Based Experiences (Sbes): Immersive Environments That Support Student Learning, Meredith Deegan, Lauren Goeke, Kristina Sandberg, Josh Blubaugh, Kimberly Davis, Mary Murigi

School of Nursing Publications

Storytelling and Simulation-Based Experiences (SBEs) offer a powerful, equity-minded approach to teaching population health. Drawing on the NLN Jeffries Simulation Theory, Kolb’s experiential learning model, and the AACN 2021 Essentials, this session presents a SBE that integrates narrative design to immerse learners in community-centered care through a simulated Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) waiting room experience.

This SBE places students in a crowded FQHC waiting room to explore cultural humility, empathy, and health promotion in underserved settings. After the prebrief establishing purpose and psychological safety, students enter a conference room transformed with tight seating, limited walking space, and ambient noise. …

The Correlation Between 25(Oh)D, Blood Lead Levels, And Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Activity Among Indonesia Male Workers, Ratih Fadhillah, Muhammad Ilyas, Liem Jen Fuk, Levina Chandra Khoe, Muchtaruddin Mansyur

Occupational and Environmental Medicine Journal of Indonesia

Background Lead exposure disrupts the heme synthesis pathway by modifying the activity of Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase (ALAD), contributing to oxidative stress. Vitamin D has been suggested as an antioxidant to influence oxidative balance, but evidence regarding its association with ALAD activity in lead-exposed populations remains limited. This study aimed to analyze the associations between blood lead levels (BLL), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], ALAD activity, and the 25(OH)D/BLL ratio among Indonesian male workers.

Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 90 male workers exposed to lead as part of either their occupation or living environment in Java, Indonesia. Serum 25(OH)D, BLL …

Return To Work After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention In Employee With Metabolic Comorbidities: An Evidence-Based Case Report, Bramantyo Eko Wahyudi Mr, Levina Khoe

Occupational and Environmental Medicine Journal of Indonesia

Background This evidence-based case report examines whether metabolic comorbidities independently predict return to work (RTW) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for myocardial infarction. A 52-year-old male senior manager with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and central obesity underwent PCI and required structured occupational assessment.

Methods A systematic literature search identified five eligible studies—one national registry cohort, three prospective cohort studies, and one narrative systematic review—critically appraised using Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine criteria.

Results Metabolic comorbidities showed consistent directional associations with reduced RTW probability in bivariate analyses and independently predicted longterm labour-market exit. However, in multivariate models across three of …

How Does Inclusive Education Affect Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder In Elementary Schools?, Kacie M. Coe

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Children diagnosed with autism are at an all-time high of 1 in 31 children (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2025). What does this mean for our schools and students with autism? Inclusive education is more renowned than ever. What is now known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was enacted in 1975, and guarantees every child with a disability access to a free appropriate public education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environment (LRE). Inclusion, in theory, appears to be the right decision for all our students, but what are the schools doing to prepare for these exceptional …

A Systematic Review Of Disparities In Alzheimer’S Diagnosis: The Overlooked Impact Of Gender And Ethnoracial Diversity On Biomarker Expression, Cynthia Smith, Olisaemeka Ogbue, Nasra Gathoni, Karen Blackmon, Tamlyn J. Watermeyer, Jasmit Shah, Chinedu Momoh

Brain and Mind Institute

Background: Biomarkers hold significant promise for the early diagnosis of dementias like Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, less than 5% of research data originates from Black African or African American populations, despite Africa's increasing dementia burden. Additionally, women are disproportionately affected by dementia globally, a trend that is expected to persist. This systematic review aims to synthesize studies on sex and gender differences in AD biomarkers, with a focus on African populations.

Method: We have conducted systematic searches across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, and African journals online for articles published between 2000 and 2024. Our focus is …

Conceptualizing A Model For Transforming Academic Search With Retrieval-Augmented Generation, Nikesh Narayanan

All Works

This study conceptualizes the transformative potential of RetrievalAugmented Generation (RAG) in academic research, addressing limitations of traditional search methods reliant on keyword matching, Boolean logic, and metadata analysis. RAG combines precise data retrieval with the generative capabilities of advanced AI models, synthesizing dispersed information into coherent outputs. By bridging retrieval accuracy and contextual generation, RAG offers a framework for providing researchers with comprehensive, nuanced, and up-todate insights tailored to their queries. This article explores the integration of tools like ChatGPT and LangChain to outline a RAGbased system, illustrating its potential to enhance academic discovery by harmonizing natural language processing, semantic …

Who’S To Blame? Exploring Collective Emotions Between Shared Guilt And Anger: A Semiotic Study Of Digital Narratives And Social Activism In The Context Of Online Gender-Based Violence, Cristina Greco, Marianna Boero

All Works

The present study explores digital narratives and social activism in the context of online gender-based violence, focusing on the mechanisms of collective emotions, such as guilt, anger, shame, and fear. In this perspective, the narrative continues to deal with how media representations legitimate ideological conceptions and perpetuate the normalization of online violence against women. By deepening our understanding of how collective emotions are constructed and manipulated, the study aims to identify the subtle and hidden link between media discourses and actual events as they occur online. In doing so, it explores media narratives evoking collective shame, fear, anger, and guilt, …

Antimicrobial Pattern Of Crude Oil And Non-Crude Oil Contaminated Seafood From Bayelsa State, Nigeria, Mbolo Poweidor Freeborn, Akomah-Abadaike Onyinyechi Ndimele

Annals. Food Science and Technology

Seafood is an important source of protein, minerals and essential vitamins to human. This study is aimed at the microbiological evaluation of crude oil and non-crude oil contaminated seafood from Bayelsa State. Seafood such as periwinkle, prawn and clams were all harvested from crude oil and non-crude oil contaminated environment. Standard microbiological analysis for total heterotrophic bacteria were determined. Gram staining, biochemical identification, and Antibiotics susceptibility test were determined. Total heterotroph bacteria count ranged from 7.13 to 8.42 log10cfu/g, Staphylococcal count ranged from 5.48 to 6.86 log10cfu/g, Salmonella count ranged from 6.30 to 6.74 log10cfu/g, Coliform count ranged from 4.90 …

Composite Flour: Nutritional And Physical Properties A Review, Akanni Abubakar Adegboyega, Alimi John Praise, Abdulahi Hauwa Machina, Salako Mojisola Oladunni

Annals. Food Science and Technology

Composite flour is produced by blending flours derived from diverse grains or combining grains with vegetables, offering a nutrient-rich profile that includes vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. The growing preference for healthier and more nutrient-dense foods, influenced by evolving lifestyles and socioeconomic trends, has led to their increased relevance in food production. When one or two flours are mixed with wheat flour for baking, it influences several quality dimensions, such as the nutritional value and physical attributes of the final products. Extensive studies conducted in developing countries, where wheat flour is heavily consumed and imported to meet high demand, particularly …

Ensuring Seafood Safety - Food Handling Practices At Home To Mitigate Foodborne Illness – A Consumer Study, Arundhathi V., Mini Sekharan N.

Annals. Food Science and Technology

Inadequate food handling practices in the supply chain significantly contribute to foodborne illnesses. As global concerns about food safety intensify, understanding domestic food handling practices and raising consumer awareness is essential. The study examines the association between self-reported foodborne illness and seafood handling practices among consumers across Kerala, India. A cross-sectional survey of seafood consumers was conducted via an online questionnaire from March to December 2023. Of 2079 survey respondents, 8.5% (n=177) reported experiencing seafood-related foodborne illness. Safe handling practices among those who experienced seafood-borne illness (Case group) scored lower compared to those who did not (Control group). Seafood handling …