Digital Commons Network^™

Presidential Power And Global Finance: The Rise And Limits Of Financial Warfare, Michael Glanzel

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

The president’s power over global financial transactions has become one of the most potent tools in America’s foreign policy arsenal. Since the outbreak of World War I, presidents have frequently employed financial instruments to coerce or punish foreign actors. But it was President Biden’s employment of financial weaponry in the wake of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine that represented the most complex and far-reaching exercise of presidential power in global finance. From weakening the Russian central bank’s access to the dollar market, to cutting off key Russian financial institutions from American lenders, to deplatforming Russian entities from the Society for Worldwide …

Family Law—When Equity Isn’T Enough: The Case For Clearer Standards In Family Law—Cavanagh V. Cavanagh, 267 N.E.3d 574 (Mass. App. Ct. 2025), Brianna Conlon

Suffolk Journal of Trial and Appellate Advocacy

No abstract provided.

Investigating Neonatal Sepsis: Anti-Infectives, Diagnostics And Guidelines Used In Health Systems Across Sub-Saharan Africa – The Insights Study, Jack Louis Stanley, David Hettle, Rachel Poffley, Larisse Bolton, Emelyne Gres, Isabel Coelho, Raana Hussain, Gildas Boris Hedible, Gwendoline Lilly Chimhini, Valeriane Leroy

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background Sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where microbiological diagnostic capacity and antibiotic access are limited. High antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rates limit the effectiveness of current treatment guidelines, with concern that available antibiotics are rarely adequate treatment for neonatal sepsis in the region.

Methods A cross-sectional online survey was electronically distributed in English, French and Portuguese to neonatal clinicians across SSA between April and June 2025. Questions focused on the management of neonatal sepsis including diagnostic, antibiotic and guideline use. Responses were analysed descriptively and presented as percentages of the total number of responses. …

Investigation Of Factors Influencing Electric Vehicle Adoption In Indonesia: Ev Owners’ Perspectives, Desrina Yusi Irawatia, Nur Aini Masruroh, Nur Mayke Eka Normasari

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

Electric vehicle (EV) uptake in Indonesia remains markedly below policy benchmarks. This study applies the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology version 3 (UTAUT3), an extension of UTAUT2 that incorporates personal innovativeness as an additional construct to examine its impact on both behavioral intention and actual EV adoption within the Indonesian context. Unlike studies that typically survey the general public, this study focuses on actual EV users and owners, providing more representative and responsive insights into real-world EV usage. A total of 208 respondents participated, with 135 from the Jabodetabek area and 73 from Surabaya. The UTAUT3 framework …

Participation Of Non-State Actors In International Climate Change Advisory Opinions, Matei Alexianu, Hannah Sweeney

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

This Article offers an analysis of the unprecedented participation of non-state actors (“NSAs”), including nongovernmental organizations, academic institutions, grassroots movements, and individuals, in the three recent landmark international climate change advisory proceedings. After mapping the distinct procedural regimes of the three international fora involved, the Article catalogues the diverse avenues through which NSAs have shaped these proceedings: initiating and coordinating advisory requests, submitting written and oral arguments, supplying scientific and legal expertise, orchestrating advocacy campaigns, and mobilizing post-decision implementation. The Article then identifies the principal benefits of expanded NSA engagement—enhanced representativeness, richer technical inputs, and accelerated norm diffusion—before highlighting the …

Opening Address For The American Society Of International Law 2025 Midyear Meeting: "No Liberty Without An Independent Jury", Hon. Leo M. Gordon

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Child Welfare And Global Governance: A New Framework For Cross-Border Accountability, Megan Ryan, Bailee Gibbs

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

The U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child has long failed to adequately protect all children, such as those separated from their families due to detention, deportation, exile, imprisonment, or death. Although Article 9(4) of the UNCRC imposes obligations on States when separations occur due to the actions of State Parties, a clear gap exists between these obligations and their implementation. Specifically, Article 9(4)’s effectiveness is often undermined by obstacles such as tensions between State sovereignty and international law, insufficient domestic measures, and weak enforcement mechanisms for holding States accountable. This Article discusses these obstacles, presents two case studies …

From Generation To Generation: Older People And Ageism In Violent Conflict, Alexis Jori Shanes

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

Conflicts in every generation disproportionately impact older people. Older people are often unable to exercise their most basic human rights during peacetime, and conflicts only amplify this problem. Despite this reality, international law does not provide specialized protection for older people, and they are often excluded from international justice processes.

International law does not define the term “older,” although the word is often used to describe a group of people roughly age 60 or above. But there is no question that the median age of the global population is rising. Today, there are more than 700 million people older than …

Challenging National Security List Designations In U.S. Courts, Ruowen Shi

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

National security list designations have emerged as a prominent feature of U.S. foreign policy, directly targeting individuals and entities through administrative channels. Programs such as the SDN List, the Entity List, and the 1260H List deliberately restrict access to financial resources and critical technologies, functioning in practice as de facto sanctions. These lists span a regulatory spectrum, differing in statutory bases, policy objectives, and severity of consequences, but all share the common feature of making delisting extremely difficult. A series of cases demonstrates that such barriers stem primarily from the limited applicability of the Administrative Procedures Act (APA) in the …

Consumer Responses To Ethical And Privacy Concerns In Ai Chatbots: Evidence From Offensive Language, Gender Bias, And Digital Privacy, Jikhan Jeong

Economics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Due to the rapid innovation of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data, AI chatbots have become increasingly influential computational social systems (CSS) in everyday life. However, the expansion of interactions between AI chatbots and consumers has raised significant ethical and privacy concerns. Using data from an online survey, this study empirically examines how consumer concerns about AI ethics and privacy influence their intention to use AI chatbots. These concerns are categorized into three types: 1) offensive language (generated by AI chatbots or users); 2) gender-biased language (from either source); and 3) digital privacy violations. The findings suggest that prior experience …

Scaffolding Minimum Age Thresholds, Eve Rips

UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Location Of Births By Health Facility Type: A Time Trend Analysis From 1995 To 2023 In 130 Low- And Middle-Income Countries, Anna Gage, Madeleine Conrad, Chiara Sumich, Wes Warriner, Aduragbemi Banke-Thomas, Corinne Bintz, Kelly Bienhoff, Jessica Bishai, Abdu Mohiddin, Marleen Temmerman

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

Background: With major increases in facility births in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) since 1995, a key question is what types of facilities met the increased demand. Understanding the evolving delivery landscape is crucial to informing debates about optimal models for balancing access, quality, and equity. We studied the distribution of delivery location by health facility level and sector (private versus public) in 130 LMICs from 1995 to 2023.

Methods: We used 745 data sources with delivery location information in our analysis. We first categorised births as in-facility or not, then further classified facility births by level (hospital …

A Deep Neural Approach To Network-Based Obfuscated Malware, Meera Parmar, Sunil Gautam

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

The rising prevalence of obfuscated malware poses a critical threat to network security, undermining traditional detection methods and jeopardizing data integrity and system reliability in an increasingly connected world. This growing danger highlights the urgent need for advanced solutions to protect against evolving cyber risks. This research intro-duces a novel framework to enhance malware detection, employing a hybrid architecture that integrates spatial and temporal analysis with attention mechanisms. The approach leverages a large dataset subsample, focusing on key feature selection and augmentation to improve robustness against evasion techniques. This innovative framework offers a significant advancement in identifying malicious network traffic, …

Evaluation Of Peptides And Peptide–Doxorubicin Conjugates Designed And Synthesized For Targeting Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Via Cell-Surface Receptors, Shih-Jing (Jane) Yao

Pharmaceutical Sciences (PhD) Dissertations

A significant problem faced in oncology is the lack of chemotherapeutic agents that are tumor site-specific, resulting in reduced therapeutic efficacy and unintended infliction of harm to surrounding healthy tissues and cells that often lead to serious side effects. Current strategies being explored to circumvent this issue aim to refine delivery of  chemotherapeutic agents specifically to tumor sites, which may be achieved via conjugation of these agents to biomarker-specific ligands. This forms the foundation of ligand-targeted drug delivery. Among different breast cancers, treatment of the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype has been particularly challenging, largely due to the absence of …

Cv: Susan Sheffer (Social Psychology), Susan Sheffer

Psychology Department Faculty Curricula Vitae

No abstract provided.

Copley Library Impact Report 2024-2025, Helen K. And James S. Copley Library, University Of San Diego

Copley Library Annual Reports

Deans; The 2024-2025 Retreat: Supporting Neurodiverse College Students in Academic Libraries; Faculty; Jennifer Bidwell; Alma Ortega; Laura Turner; Catherine Paolillo; Enhancing Undergraduate Learning with Information Literacy Instruction; Library Faculty Serve on National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant-Funded Research Team; From Pilot to Signed MOU: the State Commission for Human Rights of Baja California (CEDH-BC) and USD Copley Library Human Rights Cases Digitization Project; Hidden Poisons in the Stacks: Special Collections Investigates; The Journey of a Collection: Honoring the Legacy of Fr. Mike Blastic; Where Are They Now?; Copley Library Student Employees FY2024–2025; Student Awards; Celebrating Sister Virginia (Gina) Rodee on Her …

Pilgrims Of Hope: Sociotheological Considerations, András Máté-Tóth

Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe

Today, we can no longer view Europe according to the old political division between the progressive West and the lagging but striving East. Europe is a continent struggling with geopolitical challenges, a struggle in which it needs the offer of Christian thinking and behavior, which fully recognizes and acknowledges human beings and is capable of bridging the divides created by selfish interests. The bishops and episcopal institutions of Europe can humbly but confidently draw on the resources of faith and social knowledge, and with courageous consistency take their part in evangelization, journeying together in synodality with hope.

2025 Annual Town Report Fremont, New Hampshire, Fremont Town Representatives

Fremont, NH Annual Reports

This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire.

Health And Transportation Equity Issues In Rural Areas Of The Texas Megaregion, Gwendolyn C. Goodwin

The Griot - Southern Conference on African American Studies, Inc.

This study examines health and transportation inequities affecting rural residents within the Texas Triangle megaregion, focusing on the US 290 West and I-10 East corridors. While urban residents benefit from proximate hospitals, public transit, and specialized care, rural communities face physician shortages, hospital closures, and long travel distances for essential services. Data from the American Community Survey and HRSA reveal disproportionate disability rates among seniors and people of color, particularly in counties such as Jefferson and Orange. Transportation costs further burden low-income households, with rural residents traveling longer daily distances and spending a greater share of income on vehicle ownership. …

Into The Fire: An Examination Of Violence In Reconstruction Texas, 1865-1868, John Gorman

The Griot - Southern Conference on African American Studies, Inc.

This article examines the scale, patterns, and political implications of racial violence in Texas between 1865 and 1868, arguing that white terror functioned as a systematic effort to suppress Black freedom and restore antebellum racial hierarchies. Drawing on Congressional testimony, Freedmen’s Bureau records, and the 1868 Report of the Special Committee on Lawlessness and Violence in Texas, the study reveals that violence was not random but structured along social, labor, and political lines. Murders, whippings, intimidation, and organized attacks—such as the Millican riot—intensified when freedpeople asserted labor autonomy or political rights. Despite nearly 900 reported murders, convictions were exceedingly rare, …

Disrupting Power Dynamics In The Archives: The Digital Pv Panther Project, Gatekeeping, And The Texas Black Cooperative Extension & Home Demonstration Collection, T. Dewayne Moore, Evelyn Todd

The Griot - Southern Conference on African American Studies, Inc.

This article examines the Texas Black Cooperative Extension & Home Demonstration Collection at Prairie View A&M University as both a major recovery of twentieth-century Black rural history and a contemporary intervention into archival power. Funded by a National Endowment for the Humanities grant, the Digital PV Panther Project employed undergraduate and graduate students to process sixty-three county-level finding aids, 163 archival boxes, and more than 3,200 folders documenting segregated Black Extension work from 1923 to 1963. Beyond preservation, the project challenges long-standing regimes of archival gatekeeping. Drawing on critical archival studies and Black Digital Humanities scholarship, the authors argue that …

Revisiting Bandura’S Self-Efficacy Performance Accomplishments In Pwi And Hbcu Students: A Sign Of Persistence, Britine Perkins, Douglas M. Butler, Jerrel Moore

The Griot - Southern Conference on African American Studies, Inc.

This study revisits Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy by examining performance accomplishments among students attending a predominantly White institution (PWI) and a historically Black college or university (HBCU). While academic self-efficacy has long been linked to college success, much of the existing research centers on students at PWIs and often overlooks the cultural contexts shaping students’ beliefs about their academic abilities. Using the Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES), the authors compare self-efficacy perceptions across institutional type and explore how performance accomplishments influence persistence. Findings highlight the importance of culturally responsive frameworks when assessing self-efficacy, particularly for minoritized and first-generation students. By incorporating …

Annual Report (Fy25), Tennessee. Department Of Children's Services

Juvenile Justice Reports

The Office of Juvenile Justice (OJJ) is a division of the Tennessee Department of Children’s Services, which provides oversight of custody and non-custodial services for justice-involved youth, including John S. Wilder Youth Development Center and all juvenile justice (JJ) placements. OJJ manages the Interstate Compact for Juveniles (ICJ), Absconder, Electronic Monitoring and Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) units in addition, provides funding to juvenile courts and other community programs to help divert youth from entering states custody. This annual report provides an overview of OJJ during the period of July 1, 2024, thru June 30, 2025 (FY25).

The Role Of Socioeconomic Development In Preventing Violent Extremism, Caelan Stewart

CISLA Senior Integrative Projects

No abstract provided.

Not Like Us: Afro-Germans And The Myth Of The "Germanness", Kahron Gaul Blakley

CISLA Senior Integrative Projects

No abstract provided.

From Progressive Politics To Media Censorship: Analyzing The Trajectory Of Lgbt Rights In Taiwan And China, Sabrina Malec

CISLA Senior Integrative Projects

No abstract provided.

Fisc Opinion Digest 2022 - 2025, Alejandra Gutierrez

Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series

This digest summarizes selected opinions of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC) and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review (FISC-R) regarding Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). It covers the FISC’s annual review of intelligence agencies’ Section 702 certifications and the FISC and FISC-R’s opinions related to the statutory definition of Electronic Communications Service Providers (ECSPs). Publicly available opinions are posted on the FISC website, and further resources are available through the Intel.gov IC on the Record Database, a website of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI).

Originalism, Methodolatry, And The Only Guarantee Of Wisconsin, Chad M. Oldfather

Faculty Publications

Originalism, loosely defined, commands a majority on the Supreme Court and dominates legal discourse in a way that would have been unrecognizable a generation ago. Yet its actual constraining effect on judicial behavior remains doubtful. This Article offers two contributions to the long-running debate. First, it identifies a pathology in both originalist scholarship and practice that it terms "methodolatry"—a preoccupation with methodological refinement that threatens to elevate method over the purposes interpretation is meant to serve. Second, and more importantly, it argues that debates over interpretive method, however vigorous, fail to address the core problem. Text and history offer relatively …

Behind The Headlines: Media Control In Bangladesh Post July Revolution, Nahida Islam

Human Rights Brief

“I have always written for truth, for peo­ple, and for my country . . . [b]ut today, when I look at my own life, I feel that living by writing the truth is not easy.” The words from Bibhuran­jan Sarkar’s suicide note echo into the minds of all Bangladeshi journalists as fears of retaliation took precedent over the work of informing the public. Journalism in South Asia has always been a toxic balance between writing what is fair versus writing what people in power want you to write. In Bangladesh, the autocracy led by former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina created …

Rights On Paper, Violations In Practice: Israel, The U.S., And The Failure To Enforce Judicial Pro¬Tections And International Obligations In Cases Of Arbitrary Detentions, Anjali Narayanan

Human Rights Brief

Muhammad Srur, a 34-year-old father, en­dured small cells, restricted movement, minimal family visits, and limited access to legal counsel when detained by Israel. He was beaten during arrest and interrogation, and the food, medical care, and living conditions fell below international standards. Half a world away, Abu Zubaydah remains in extreme isolation at Guantánamo Bay, following secret CIA detention where he faced prolonged confinement, sleep deprivation, stress positions, and other forms of torture. These men will never meet. Yet, their situations reflect the same legal reality: both have been placed into categories designed to fall outside the full protections of …