Digital Commons Network^™

The Human Right To A Healthy Environment: Corporate Responsibility In Critical Mineral Extraction, Erika George

Faculty Scholarship

This paper argues that the emerging human right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment should guide the governance of critical minerals by incorporating the corporate responsibility to respect human rights throughout supply chains to ensure a racially just energy transition. It frames the climate crisis within the history and political economy of racial capitalism, contending that without rights-based guardrails, mineral supply chains risk reproducing the extractive harms and racialized disparities of the fossil fuel era, including labor abuses, displacement, water depletion, and violence disproportionately borne by racialized and Indigenous communities. Methodologically, the paper combines doctrinal analysis of international norms …

The Territorial Continuum: American Samoa, Criminal Adjudication, And Territorial Administration, Emmanuel Hiram Arnaud

Faculty Scholarship

The standard account of American territorial expansion posits that territorial acquisition moved along a spectrum of sovereignty. The federal government acquired new inhabited land through conquest or purchase, and the Constitution tasked Congress with organizing and administering the new territories until they were ready to become states. That pattern came to an abrupt halt in 1898 when, at the conclusion of the Spanish-American War, the Supreme Court, fearing the extension of citizenship to, and the permanent integration of, non-White populations into the American polity, suddenly pronounced that the Constitution authorized the holding of colonies. The Court thus sentenced new territories, …

Wharton's Duct Injury As A Complication Of Oral Surgery And Its Management: A Clinical Case Report, María Paulina Araneda, Zabiel A. Faundez, Martin A. Sanchez, Pablo Romero, Ramon A. Rivera

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science

Introduction: Oral surgery may be associated with intraoperative complications, such as nerve injury, hemorrhage, and other procedure-related adverse events. Wharton's duct laceration is an uncommon but significant complication involving the floor of the mouth. Owing to the region's anatomical complexity, unrecognized injuries may affect gland function and patient well-being.

Case Report: A 69-year-old female patient presented with left submandibular swelling associated with a prior Wharton's duct injury. Initial management included local interventions and marsupialization; however, clinical symptoms recurred, which required submandibulectomy. The postoperative course was favorable.

Discussion: Early diagnosis is key to managing submandibular duct injuries. Up to 32% of …

Caries Risk Assessment As The Strongest Predictor Of Oral Health–Related Quality Of Life: A Cross-Sectional Multivariate Study Of Adolescent Students, Fadil Abdillah Arifin, Mila Febriany, Husnah Husein, Eva Novawaty

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science

Objective: This study aimed to determine the factors associated with oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) among adolescent students, with a particular focus on identifying the strongest predictor using a multivariate analytical approach.

Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study with 249 adolescent students in Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 54 Makassar, Indonesia, was conducted. Clinical examinations were performed to assess dental caries experience using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth index (DMF-T), oral hygiene status using the Oral Hygiene Index–Simplified (OHI-S), Body Mass Index (BMI), sex, and caries risk level using the Caries Risk Assessment (CRA) tool, categorized into low, medium, …

Immediate Antibacterial Effect Of Sargassum Binderi-Based Mouthwash: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Andre K. Ruslim, Nisrina E. Nasrun, Muhammad I. Rasul, Nurlindah Hamrun, Lenni Indriani, Muhammad H. Chandha, Vera Julia, Muhammad Ruslin

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science

Objective: The current randomized controlled trial evaluated the immediate effect of a Sargassum binderi-based mouthwash on the reduction of cultivable oral bacteria compared with control.

Methods: In the current randomized controlled trial, 30 individuals were screened for eligibility, of whom 14 met the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to receive either a Sargassum binderi-based mouthwash or chlorhexidine 0.2%. Immediate post-rinse sampling was performed; however, residual antimicrobial carryover could not be entirely excluded. The total cultivable oral bacterial load was quantified at baseline and following intervention using standard culture-based techniques. Baseline bacterial composition was characterized using the analytical profile …

Comparative Evaluation Of Mechanical And Chemo-Mechanical Methods Of Caries Excavation In Permanent Teeth: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Rahul Rao, Neha Pol, Ashish Jain, Pooja Shah, Amit Patil, Sanpreet S. Sachdev

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science

Objective: To compare excavation efficacy and pain perception among air-rotor (carbide bur), polymer bur, and chemo-mechanical excavation (Carie-Care™)  in adult permanent posterior teeth as a confirmatory, population-specific evaluation.

Materials and Methods: A single-center, single-blind, randomized split-mouth clinical trial was conducted in 29 adults with three permanent posterior teeth each (total = 87 teeth) presenting with occlusal caries and an ICDAS score of 4 or 5. The trial was registered with the Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI Ref No.: REF/2025/07/109637). Each participant received all three interventions in the same session under standardized conditions. Excavation efficacy was assessed using a caries …

Effects Of Ethanol On Opg Expression, Osteoclasts, And Osteoblasts During Orthodontic Tooth Movement In Wistar Rats: An Experimental Study, Nadia Setiawati Widjaja, Ardiansyah S. Pawinru, Nasyrah Hidayati, Eddy Heriyanto Habar, Eka Erwansyah, Baharuddin M. Ranggang, Ita Purnama Alwi

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science

Objective: This research sought to assess how ethanol influences the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and the number of osteoclasts and osteoblasts during alveolar bone remodeling associated with orthodontic tooth movement.

Materials and Methods: A laboratory-based experimental study was conducted using 30 male Wistar rats. Palatal movement of the maxillary incisors was induced using a nickel–titanium (NiTi) closed coil spring applied to the maxillary arch. Rats were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (CG) receiving orthodontic force only, and an experimental group (EG) receiving both orthodontic force and ethanol administration. Observations were conducted on days 0, 3, and 14. …

Stacked From One: Multi-Scale Self-Injection For Context Window Extension, Wei Han, Pan Zhou, Shuicheng Yan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The limited context window of contemporary large language models (LLMs) remains a primary bottleneck for their broader application across diverse domains. Although continual pre-training on long-context data offers a straightforward solution, it incurs prohibitive data acquisition and computational costs. To address this challenge, we propose SHAREDLLM, a novel framework based on multi-grained context compression and query-aware information acquisition. SHAREDLLM comprises two stacked short-context LLMs: a lower model serving as a compressor and an upper model acting as a decoder. The lower model compresses long inputs into compact, multi-grained representations, which are then forwarded to the upper model for context-aware processing. …

Bridging Bug Localization And Issue Fixing: A Hierarchical Localization Framework Leveraging Large Language Models, Jianming Chang, Xin Zhou, Lulu Wang, David Lo, Bixin Li

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Automated issue fixing is a critical task in software debugging and has recently garnered significant attention from academia and industry. However, existing fixing techniques predominantly focus on the repair phase, often overlooking the importance of improving the preceding bug localization phase. As a foundational step in issue fixing, bug localization plays a pivotal role in determining the overall effectiveness of the entire process. To enhance the precision of issue fixing by accurately identifying bug locations in large-scale projects, this paper presents BugCerberus, the first hierarchical bug localization framework powered by three customized large language models. First, BugCerberus analyzes intermediate representations …

Evolution Of Antibiotic Responses During Chronic P. Aeruginosa Infections In The Human Lung, David Frank Ritz

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Typical antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) of microbial samples is performed in homogeneous cultures in batch environments, which does not account for the highly heterogeneous and dynamic nature of antibiotic responses. The most common mutation found in P. aeruginosa lineages evolved during chronic cystic fibrosis infections in the human lung, a loss of function of repressor MexZ, increases basal levels of multidrug efflux MexXY, but does not increase resistance by traditional minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. Here, we use single cell microfluidics to show that P. aeruginosa’s response to aminoglycosides is highly heterogeneous, with only a subpopulation of cells surviving exposure. …

Moral Repair, Forgiveness, And Collective Minds, Songzhi Wu

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Human lives are increasingly shaped by collective entities (e.g., corporations, governments, nonprofits) that make consequential decisions and evoke trust, blame, and praise. Yet how people perceive and relate to these non-individual agents remains underexplored. This dissertation investigates collective mind perception, moral repair, and forgiveness across three chapters using experimental, neuroimaging, and corpus-based methods.

Chapter 1 examines how collective entities repair their moral standing after wrongdoing. Across four studies, agentic cues such as responsibility-taking and corrective plans consistently outperform experiential expressions such as remorse in eliciting forgiveness toward organizational transgressors. Agentic apologies also reshape memory: participants recall the apology content more …

Behavioral-Centric Team Evaluation Via Consistent Rewards, Clement Kudakwashe Nyanhongo

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Across human domains ranging from sports to business and organizational settings, complex tasks are often solved by teams rather than individuals, leveraging benefits such as interaction, mutual support, complementary skills, cohesion, and task allocation. Evaluating team effectiveness, however, is inherently challenging due to the subjectivity of many existing techniques and the limitations of outcome-driven metrics that primarily focus on performance scores while overlooking the team processes that generated the scores. To address these challenges, this dissertation proposes a behavioral-centric, end-to-end framework for team evaluation grounded in reward functions that model sequential team behavior. Reward functions offer compact and interpretable representations …

Mitochondria Dynamics In Microglia During Health, Inflammation, And Aging, Alicia Nicole Pietramale

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Microglia continually surveil the brain, allowing for rapid detection of tissue damage or infection. Microglial metabolism is linked to tissue homeostasis, yet how mitochondria are subcellularly partitioned in microglia and dynamically reorganize during surveillance, injury responses, and phagocytic engulfment in the intact brain has remained unclear. In this dissertation, I combine intravital imaging, ultrastructural analyses, and metabolic and cytoskeletal markers to investigate how mitochondrial organization relates to microglial function across health, inflammation, and aging.

I first show that microglial processes diverge in their mitochondrial content, with some containing multiple mitochondria while others are completely void. This heterogeneous partitioning is conserved …

Uncovering Ethical Values In Information Systems Development Methodologies, Zahidah Zulkifli, Noor Hayani Abd Rahim, Tahmid Alam, Fakhrul Hazman Yusoff, Mohammad Masudur Rahman

Malaysian Journal of Computing (MJoC)

Information system development involves a lot of tools, infrastructures, and humans. The many phases in system development need humans to interact and work with each other to obtain the goal: to complete information system development. These interactions of humans require the right ethics to ensure that the information system development can be successful. For example, ethical leadership is a vital component in determining the success of any project related to information system development in organizations. The aim of this study is to identify the ethical values which are important in information system development methodology phases. This systematic literature review (SLR) …

Textual Adversarial Example Generation Using Bigram Unigram-Semantic Preservation Optimization Algorithm, Noor Adam Noor Azmi, Haslizatul Fairuz Mohamed Hanum

Malaysian Journal of Computing (MJoC)

The vulnerability of Natural Language Processing (NLP) models to adversarial attacks remains a critical challenge in the field of cybersecurity and AI robustness. While deep learning models have achieved high performance in sentiment analysis, they are susceptible to subtle input perturbations that induce misclassification. This study presents the design and practical implementation of a web-based system (Proof of Concept) that automates the generation of textual adversarial examples using the Bigram Unigram-Semantic Preservation Optimization (BU-SPOF) algorithm. Rather than proposing a novel attack algorithm, our primary contribution is the architectural integration of a dual-source candidate generation strategy (WordNet and OpenHowNet) and a …

Lru Caching Policy Based On Naïve Bayes Ml Algorithm In Collaborative Peer-To-Peer Systems For Network Bandwidth Utilization, Waheed Yasin

Malaysian Journal of Computing (MJoC)

Web caching offers several advantages, such as increasing cache hit rates, lowering the workload on origin servers, and minimizing network traffic. Nevertheless, limited cache capacity poses a major challenge in web caching systems. Moreover, repeatedly fetching same media objects from origin servers leads to unnecessary bandwidth consumption. Furthermore, traditional caching policies, including Least Recently Used (LRU), are vulnerable to cache pollution. This study introduces a collaborative caching policy based on the Naïve Bayes (NB) Machine Learning (ML) algorithm. The proposed policy exploits structured peer-to-peer architectures, allowing cache contents to be shared among peers to improve the efficiency of LRU web …

Examining The Relationship Between It Project Risk Management And Benefits Realized From It Project Implementation Within The Public Sector, Fredick Bitta, Robert Oboko, Christopher Chepken

Malaysian Journal of Computing (MJoC)

Information technology (IT) has become increasingly critical in today's digital world, supporting, sustaining, and driving growth in public organizations. The board of directors and senior management have traditionally delegated, disregarded, or avoided IT decisions. The majority of public sector organizations have realized that such a mindset is outdated and must be avoided. Being a foundation for effective enterprise governance, the IT risk management domain seeks to guarantee that a structure exists for identifying, analyzing, mitigating, monitoring and communicating an organization's IT risk to ensure successful IT project implementation. This research, therefore, sought to examine the relationship between risk management of …

The Impact Of Macroeconomic Variables On Property Prices In Malaysia During The Covid-19, Nurin Nayli Ahmad, Nurul Sima Mohamad Shariff, Aldo Eko Syaputra

Malaysian Journal of Computing (MJoC)

The housing market is a critical driver of economic growth and a source of financial stability. In Malaysia, residential property prices are influenced by a range of macroeconomic factors, including Gross Domestic Product (GDP), exchange rates, unemployment rates, and wage levels. The COVID-19 pandemic introduced significant disruption and volatility to the Malaysian economy, making it essential to understand the relationships between these factors and property prices. The pandemic's economic challenges, coupled with rising property prices, have exacerbated housing affordability issues. While previous studies focused on long-term trends (1991–2019), there is a gap in understanding the high-frequency (monthly) volatility specifically during …

Teacher Readiness And Attitudes Toward Digital Technology In Mathematics Classrooms, Nor Anis Amierah Mhd Pizor, Zarith Sofiah Othman

Malaysian Journal of Computing (MJoC)

This study explores how digital technology is integrated into mathematics education, focusing on the views of secondary school mathematics teachers and using a quantitative research method through a survey. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed to examine the factors influencing technology adoption, identify its barriers, and suggest strategies for enhancement. The novelty of this study lies in its development of an integrated perspective that simultaneously examines teachers’ readiness, experiential background, and attitudes alongside systemic constraints such as training, resource availability, and institutional support within the context of mathematics education. However, challenges such as inadequate training, limited resources, and lack …

A Comparative Analysis Of State Legislation Prohibiting Gender-Affirming Care For Missouri Minors: A Policy Review, Hayley Lange, Benjamin Grin, Kaitlyn Crosby

Missouri Policy Journal

The Save Adolescents from Experimentation (SAFE) Act is a law enacted in August 2023 that banned gender-affirming medical care for individuals under 18 in Missouri. It states that any medical provider who provides medical gender-affirming care to a minor will have their professional medical license revoked. The purpose of this policy review is to evaluate and compare the content of the Missouri SAFE Act with similar legislation enacted in other states to provide an evaluative model.        

This policy assessment used a modified assessment tool that was developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The assessment included a …

Teaching A Social Justice Approach To Leadership In Law Schools, Tamar Ezer

Articles

Leadership is critical for social justice. Our law students have the potential to serve as future social justice leaders, building strong organizations and movements to carry out this work. Drawing on both leadership theory and practical examples from clinical legal education, this piece argues for a broad definition of leadership, embracing diversity and encompassing the counter-cultural values of listening and humility. It further proposes a three-dimensional model of social justice leadership, engaging the mind, heart, and spirit, and suggests teaching practices to strengthen each component. The first dimension focuses on cognitive competencies, including substantive mastery of an area of law …

Racing To Safety: Tax Policy For Ai Safety-By-Design, Mirit Eyal, Yonathan Arbel

Articles

The White House recently announced its vision of artificial intelligence (AI) policy: AI development is a race and America must win it. To that end, a new America's AI Action Plan directs federal agencies and states to remove regulatory barriers to AI development and accelerate innovation. This approach leaves limited room for regulatory measures that would address the safety risks of powerful AI systems: their behavior in novel domains remains unpredictable, their decision-making opaqueness, and their alignment with human values is uncertain. While experts warn of large-scale accidents, policymakers find themselves in a bind: Regulate AI and cede ground to …

An Analysis Of Global And Regional Human Rights Standards On Gender-Based Violence, Tamar Ezer, Denisse R. Cordova Montes

Articles

No abstract provided.

Dna Methylation Of Slc6a4 And Nr3c1 In Term And Preterm Infants: A Pilot Study Of Nicu-Associated Stress, Kathryn J. Malin, Yvette P. Conley, Aleigha Barry, Rosemary White-Traut

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Background: Preterm infants requiring prolonged hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are often exposed to early-life stress, which may contribute to long-term health consequences. Epigenetic markers, particularly DNA methylation (DNAm) of stress-related genes such as SLC6A4 and NR3C1, have been identified as potential biomarkers of early-life stress. Limited research has compared DNAm patterns between term and preterm infants or examined associations between NICU-related stress and DNAm in preterm populations. Objectives: This pilot study aimed to (1) compare DNAm patterns between preterm and term infants, (2) examine relationships between NICU-related stress and DNAm alterations in preterm infants, and …

Viral Hepatitis As A Public Health Concern: A Review About The Situation In Iraq From 2021-2023, Muthanna Abdulkareem, Yousif Abdulraheem, Sahar Dhaher, Hussein Naji

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Background: Viral hepatitis, caused by distinct viruses (Hepatitis AVirus , Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus , Hepatitis D Virus, Hepatitis E Virus, and Hepatitis G Virus), is a major public health concern. In Iraq, many cases remain asymptomatic or underdiagnosed, making the true burden difficult to assess. Highlighting its impact is essential for informed public health action.Objectives: To determine the pattern of viral hepatitis from all Iraqi governorates-through the period of study-from the first May 2021 to the 30th of April 2023.Methods:A retrospective study of people infected with viral hepatitis through the records available in the main Community Disease …

Mechano Responsiveness Of Neuroimmune Cross-Talk In Bone And Joints: A Narrative Review With Implications For Force-Based Manipulations, Karl J Lewis, Jennifer Bent, Per Gunnar Brolinson, Damian Keter, Ellen Lumpkin, Jan Mundo, Vitaly Napadow, William R Reed, Brent S Russell, Simon Y Tang, Mary F Barbe

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Recent advances in osteoimmunology have illuminated the significant role of neuroimmune interactions in bone and joint health. The neuroimmune system critically regulates bone cell function through a complex network of molecular mediators - including signals from the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, cortisol and other hormones, and growth factors. These mediators interact within a nonlinear network where each component can influence others reciprocally, with the brain serving as a central coordinator.

AIM: Our goal in this narrative review is to: 1) Provide an overview of roles the neuroimmune system is involved in bone and joint …

Leadership Communication Newsletter Spring 2026, Leadership Communication-Winona State University, Andrew Peine, Russell Zwiers, Miah Graczyk, Dorothy Moore, Robert Whisler

Leadership Education Newsletters

This is the newsletter created by the graduate students in the Leadership Communication 615 spring 2026 course.

Development Of Holographic Recording Techniques For Optical Couplers Designed For Solar Collection From Windows, Dipanjan Chakraborty

Doctoral

The main purpose of this research is to explore volume holographic optical couplers and investigate their potential for use as solar collectors in glass building structures. Such couplers are from the family of volume holographic optical elements (VHOEs) and their primary function is to re-direct the incident light so that it is trapped by Total Internal Reflection (TIR). They have been proposed for different waveguiding applications such as solar collection, head-up displays, and optical communication. Since the Sun is a non-stationary light source, often at a high altitude, couplers designed for non-normal incidence are crucial.

Ultimately, this work will address …

Afit Librarian Newsletter : Check It Out (Second Quarter 2026), D'Azzo Research Library, Air Force Institute Of Technology

AFIT Library Knowledge Base

In this issue:

• Interview with a Featured Library Advocate, Dr. William Cunningham, AFIT/ENS
• Library Display about “Inventing Flight”
• New Librarian: Catherine Stahl
• Staff Book Picks for Spring Reading

Modeling The Extracellular Matrix-Like Retinal Protein Pikachurin And Its Binding To Α-Dystroglycan And Gpcr (Gpr179), Mohit Belur, Khushi Raval, Riya Chelagiri, Rani Mehta

Undergraduate Student Symposium

Pikachurin is an extracellular matrix scaffold protein that links photoreceptor and ON-bipolar cell synapses by bridging the presynaptic dystroglycan complex and the postsynaptic receptor GPR179, ensuring precise synaptic alignment required for vision. Although its role in dystroglycanopathy associated visual phenotypes is well recognized, there is no published structural model showing how pikachurin engages α-dystroglycan or how this may influence GPCR linked synaptic signaling. This study computationally modeled full length Pikachurin using the complete nucleic acid sequence and available Protein Data Bank structures, integrating Jmol, AlphaFold, and literature-based analysis to predict domain organization, Ca²⁺-binding motifs, and glycan interaction sites …