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Natural Products As Multi Drug-Multi Target Therapeutics - From The Pharmacological Proof To New Approaches For Quantitative Quality Control, Olaf Kelber Apr 2026

Natural Products As Multi Drug-Multi Target Therapeutics - From The Pharmacological Proof To New Approaches For Quantitative Quality Control, Olaf Kelber

Oxford ICSB

In the two decades since the mode of action of herbal medicinal products has been characterized as the Multi Target action of Multi Drug combinations [1,2, 3], the body of evidence supporting the general applicability of this principle to herbal health products has been exponentially increasing.  Key studies describing this principle, based on a wide range of pharmacological models, have been conducted in STW 5 and STW 5-II, herbal combinations used in the treatment of disturbances of the gut-brain interaction (DGBIs) as e.g. upset stomach and irritable bowel syndrome [2, 4]. They allow to characterize the contribution of each combination …

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Medicinal Plants And One Health Drug Discovery: Plectranthus Abietanes As P-Glycoprotein Modulators, Patricia Rijo Apr 2026

Medicinal Plants And One Health Drug Discovery: Plectranthus Abietanes As P-Glycoprotein Modulators, Patricia Rijo

Oxford ICSB

Cancer remains a major global health challenge, with multidrug resistance (MDR)—frequently driven by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpression—significantly limiting the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Within a One Health perspective, Africa, home to five major medicinal biodiversity hotspots, represents an underexplored reservoir for natural products–based drug discovery. Among this rich flora, the genus Plectranthus (Lamiaceae) emerges as a particularly promising source of bioactive abietane diterpenes. In this work, the abietane diterpene 7α-acetoxy-6β-hydroxyroyleanone (Roy), isolated from Plectranthus grandidentatus Gürke, exhibited pronounced cytotoxic activity against several cancer cell lines. To enhance its pharmacological profile, a series of Roy ester derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their …

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2026 Urs Abstract Booket, Undergraduate Research Center, Minnesota State University, Mankato Apr 2026

2026 Urs Abstract Booket, Undergraduate Research Center, Minnesota State University, Mankato

Undergraduate Research Symposium

Complete Schedule of Events for the 28th Annual Undergraduate Research Symposium at Minnesota State University, Mankato.

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The Role Of Group Guidance With Psychodrama In Promoting Self-Adjustment: Does It Really Work For Adolescents?, Hanifa Salsa Bila, Dian Ari Widyastuti, Sri Tutur Martaningsih, Agungbudiprabowo Agungbudiprabowo, Taquddin Abd Mukti Apr 2026

The Role Of Group Guidance With Psychodrama In Promoting Self-Adjustment: Does It Really Work For Adolescents?, Hanifa Salsa Bila, Dian Ari Widyastuti, Sri Tutur Martaningsih, Agungbudiprabowo Agungbudiprabowo, Taquddin Abd Mukti

Buletin Konseling Inovatif

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of group guidance using psychodrama techniques in improving self-adjustment among students. The study employed a quantitative approach with an experimental research design, specifically a pretest–posttest control group design. The participants consisted of ten students, divided into an experimental group of five students and a control group of five students. The experimental group received group guidance with psychodrama techniques, while the control group received treatment as usual. The research participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-adjustment scale, which had been analyzed for validity and reliability using …

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Indigenous Māori Defend Digital Sovereignty Over Big Tech’S Free Trade Rules, Jane Kelsey Apr 2026

Indigenous Māori Defend Digital Sovereignty Over Big Tech’S Free Trade Rules, Jane Kelsey

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

In 2016, Indigenous Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand challenged the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (‘TPPA’) for breaching the colonial government (Crown) obligations to them under the 1840 Tiriti o Waitangi. This was lodged before a Tribunal particularly established to inquire into such breaches. In 2021, the Tribunal upheld that claim, finding that the TPPA e-commerce provisions failed to protect Māori identity and Indigenous knowledge. Since then, the Crown and Māori have sought means to reconcile these competing paradigms within the unequal power relations of a colonial government and Indigenous Peoples – denied the sovereignty affirmed to them in 1840. This case …

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The Role Of Ai In Judicial Translation: Ensuring Access To Justice In Vernacular Languages, With Special Reference To Marathi, Bhushan Raut Apr 2026

The Role Of Ai In Judicial Translation: Ensuring Access To Justice In Vernacular Languages, With Special Reference To Marathi, Bhushan Raut

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

This paper examines the role of artificial intelligence in judicial translation to enhance access to justice in India’s multilingual legal system, with a specific focus on Marathi. It situates judicial translation within the constitutional framework and Rule of Law theory, arguing that linguistic accessibility is essential to legal agency and fairness. Through doctrinal, empirical, and comparative analysis, the paper evaluates initiatives such as SUVAS, highlights gaps in vernacular availability of landmark judgements, and identifies challenges relating to accuracy, accountability, and legal semantics. It proposes a hybrid AI–human model and policy reforms to ensure reliable, scalable, and inclusive translation practices in …

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The Illusory Normativity Of Rights-Based Ai Regulation, Yiyang Mei, Matthew Sag Apr 2026

The Illusory Normativity Of Rights-Based Ai Regulation, Yiyang Mei, Matthew Sag

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

Whether and how to regulate AI is now a central question of governance. Across academic, policy, and international legal circles, the European Union is widely treated as the normative leader in this space. Its regulatory framework, anchored in the General Data Protection Regulation, the Digital Services and Markets Acts, and the AI Act, is often portrayed as a principled model grounded in fundamental rights. This Article challenges that assumption. We argue that the rights-based narrative surrounding EU AI regulation mischaracterises the logic of its institutional design. While rights language pervades EU legal instruments, its function is managerial, not foundational. These …

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بعد سنتين من إقرار قانون "تعديل بعض أحكام قانون الضمان الاجتماعي وإنشاء نظام التقاعد والحماية الاجتماعية": دروس في فنّ إجهاض الإصلاح قبل نشوئه, يمنى مخلوف Apr 2026

بعد سنتين من إقرار قانون "تعديل بعض أحكام قانون الضمان الاجتماعي وإنشاء نظام التقاعد والحماية الاجتماعية": دروس في فنّ إجهاض الإصلاح قبل نشوئه, يمنى مخلوف

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

On December 22, 2023, the Law “Amending Some Provisions of the Social Security Law and Establishing the Retirement and Social Protection System” was enacted. This law introduces the pension system to replace the end-of-service indemnity. Despite the advantages of adopting indexed periodic payments over lump sum compensation, it is clear that the transition to the new system is threatened by the on-going end-of-service compensation crisis. What stands out is the contradiction between the approach adopted to address the end-of-service compensation crisis and the mechanisms stipulated in the 2023 Law. While the pension system relies on periodic indexation in order to …

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في معنى استقلالية السلطة القضائية وتجلياتها, رزق زغيب Apr 2026

في معنى استقلالية السلطة القضائية وتجلياتها, رزق زغيب

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

The independence of the judiciary in Lebanon, as constitutionally guaranteed, carries a particular meaning that is embodied exclusively in the judicial function performed by any sitting judge issuing rulings in the name of the Lebanese people. The Constitution that elevates the judiciary to the level of a power does not provide itself for guarantees akin to the legislative and executive branches. Rather, it entrusts the determination of judicial safeguards to the legislature, under the oversight of the Constitutional Council. The Council has consistently interpreted these safeguards as measures that protect judges in the exercise of their functions by removing any …

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Les Outils Numériques : Instruments D’Inclusion Ou D’Exclusion Fiscale ?, Karim Daher Apr 2026

Les Outils Numériques : Instruments D’Inclusion Ou D’Exclusion Fiscale ?, Karim Daher

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

Over the past few decades, with the rapid technological advancements, multinational enterprises (MNEs) and notably the internet giants have acquired a global dimension and such power which allowed them free and dominant penetration in developing countries’ markets such as Lebanon. This unrestricted penetration was facilitated by the absence of any specific local or international legal framework as well as smart tailored tax optimization enabling them to compete with local businesses and deprive national economies of significant resources. This situation has contributed at the same time to the development of the parallel or informal economy and led to a proliferation of …

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Du Statut Juridique De L’Embryon Humain En Droit Libanais, Roula El-Husseini Begdache Apr 2026

Du Statut Juridique De L’Embryon Humain En Droit Libanais, Roula El-Husseini Begdache

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

The legal status of the human embryo has not been specifically studied in Lebanon and is the subject of an uncertain regime resulting from scattered texts and very few court decisions. As the moment marking the beginning of human life remains debated, the recent issues relating to bioethics accompanying scientific advances, particularly in relation to reproductive medicine techniques and their corollaries, including surplus embryos, do not find clear-cut answers in Lebanese law. As scientific progress is at the heart of concerns relating to human life before birth, an abdication of legal experts in favour of doctors and ethics committees can …

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La Réforme De La Justice Administrative Au Liban, Nadi Abi Rached Apr 2026

La Réforme De La Justice Administrative Au Liban, Nadi Abi Rached

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

The Lebanese administrative judiciary is undergoing a profound crisis, exacerbated by the broader institutional disintegration affecting the country. This crisis appears rooted in deeper and more specific causes: an alleged original illegitimacy of the institution and the recurrent instabilities that have marked its development. Today, this branch of justice operates at a minimal level, remains dependent of the executive, and struggles to fully guarantee the right to a fair trial. Two reform proposals aim to address this situation. This article first seeks to reaffirm the historical legitimacy and institutional continuity of the administrative judiciary, thereby providing a sound basis for …

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Le Rôle Du Conseil D’État Dans L’Élaboration Du Droit, Joseph Chaoul Apr 2026

Le Rôle Du Conseil D’État Dans L’Élaboration Du Droit, Joseph Chaoul

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

The centenary of the Lebanese Conseil d’Etat, established in 1924 on the French model, offers an opportunity to reflect on its role in the development of law. This institution, which embodies the dual jurisdictional system characteristic of legal systems inspired by French law, has a dual mission – advisory and judicial – making it a central actor in the creation of law. In its advisory function, it provides the government with guidance on the legality and administrative advisability of draft texts. Through its judicial function, the Conseil d’Etat contributes to the formation of administrative law through its case law. …

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Editorial, Marie Claude Najm Apr 2026

Editorial, Marie Claude Najm

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

Issue 77 of Proche Orient, Études Juridiques, which was scheduled to appear at the end of 2024, endured the turmoil of war. It is now being published following a restructuring of the team responsible for the journal, at a moment still marked by difficulties and uncertainties, yet also carrying hope. The contributions it contains reflect, in many cases, the legal issues raised by the tragedies that have devastated the region as well as the numerous challenges confronting our legal system: from the reform of justice, both administrative and judicial, to the reform of social security and the pension system, …

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عملة إيفاء الديون مع ملاحظات حول تحديد سعر صرف العملة: دراسة مقارنة, أنطوان طعمة Apr 2026

عملة إيفاء الديون مع ملاحظات حول تحديد سعر صرف العملة: دراسة مقارنة, أنطوان طعمة

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

This study tries to clear up the ambiguity that deals with the interpretation of legal articles related to repayment. It includes an attempt to interpret the text of article 301 of the Law of Obligations and Contracts. It also deals with the text of the second paragraph of that article, which mentions the phrase “normal time” during which the parties have the right to stipulate the payment in a foreign currency or metal. The study also deals with an explanation of the concepts of compulsory circulation and legal circulation of currency, and the impact of these concepts on the interpretation …

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L’Indépendance Et L’Impartialité Du Ministère Public, Samer Younes Apr 2026

L’Indépendance Et L’Impartialité Du Ministère Public, Samer Younes

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

Which public prosecutor? For which mission and towards what future? Is he really the defender of public interest? Who is he and what does he do? These questions can only be answered through the historical lens of the French public prosecution which inspired the Lebanese model based on a rigid hierarchical organization coupled with individual instructions, often oral and hidden. To be faithful both to his name and mission, the public prosecution judge must be independent from any unjustified interference in his work. This requires a status or regime guaranteeing his independence, as is the case for his colleagues in …

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L’Indépendance De La Justice : Une Question De Moralité Des Juges ?, Myriam Mehanna Apr 2026

L’Indépendance De La Justice : Une Question De Moralité Des Juges ?, Myriam Mehanna

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

Defining and measuring the concept of judicial independence, often a source of contradictions, is crucial to ensure that the reform of the judicial system genuinely leads to the protection of the independence of judges and justice. This article puts forward three essential points: 1. Judicial independence is a measurable concept based on a set of specific guarantees; 2. It is also a complex concept, encompassing multiple facets that must be protected simultaneously; 3. Ultimately, it stems from legislative (and possibly constitutional) recognition of these complementary guarantees rather than from a moralizing discourse imposed on judges.

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Les Responsables Politiques Devant La Justice : Réflexions À Partir De L’Expérience Française, Bertrand Mathieu Apr 2026

Les Responsables Politiques Devant La Justice : Réflexions À Partir De L’Expérience Française, Bertrand Mathieu

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

This article studies the liability and accountability regimes potentially applicable to political authorities in France and in Lebanon. After insisting on the specific features of liability applied to the head of State, ministers, national representatives and judges in the French system, the author tackles the same issues under Lebanese law, particularly in the difficult circumstances following the Beirut port explosion.

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La Levée Du Secret Bancaire Au Liban, Karim Daher Apr 2026

La Levée Du Secret Bancaire Au Liban, Karim Daher

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

The Banking Secrecy Law, adopted in Lebanon in 1956, formally prohibited banks and their personnel from disclosing any information relating to their clientele to any public or private party. The purpose of enacting this law was to attract financial inflows to Lebanon in the 1950s and 1960s, a period that coincided with the oil boom in Gulf countries, and nationalization processes in neighboring Arab countries, especially Egypt and Syria, as well as later from wealthy Gulf oil monarchies. While this legislation ensured the protection and confidentiality of these deposits, it weakened tax citizenship, promoted a culture of corruption and impunity, …

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القواعد الكلية في قانون المعاملات المدنية الاماراتي, خليل غصن Apr 2026

القواعد الكلية في قانون المعاملات المدنية الاماراتي, خليل غصن

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

The importance of the "qawaed kulliya" (Fundamental Rules) lies in the fact that they are recognized in the various laws due to the values they represent, arising from sound logic. They are called kulliya because they are the source from which legal provisions derive, and they help in understanding the causes and aims of rules allowing for deduction and analysis. The UAE being sensitive to the importance of the Fundamental Rules has dedicated a special chapter to them, titled "Certain Doctrinal Interpretative Rules", in the Civil Transactions Law promulgated by the Federal Law No. 5 of 1985. In …

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The Public Private Partnership (Ppp) Method: Insights From The Arab Region Context In General And Dubai Market In Particular, Rita Waked Apr 2026

The Public Private Partnership (Ppp) Method: Insights From The Arab Region Context In General And Dubai Market In Particular, Rita Waked

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

The Public Private Partnership (PPP) as a form of association involving a public entity and a private person has become a global innovative trend for governments seeking to finance their infrastructure, and has gradually established itself as a driving force of the economic recovery in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. This article examines the PPP’s main features and the pillar of its success, at a time where it is experiencing a resurgence of interest in Arab countries, and in particular in Dubai where the adoption in 2015 of a PPP law reflects the Emirate’s consciousness of the importance of …

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Public Budget Laws And Economic Performance In The Uae, Carole Ibrahim Apr 2026

Public Budget Laws And Economic Performance In The Uae, Carole Ibrahim

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

This paper aims to examine the impact of the public budget laws implemented in the UAE on the country’s economic performance, by studying the relationship between government spending and the country’s economic activity during the last four decades. The results show that since 2001, government spending has strongly impacted the non-oil economic growth. These results can be explained by the implementation of the “Program and Performance-based Budgeting” method, the medium-term budget cycle, and the functional classification of the government expenditures.

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Force Majeure And Economic Hardship Under Uae Law, Myrna Saad Apr 2026

Force Majeure And Economic Hardship Under Uae Law, Myrna Saad

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has sparked a renewed interest in the concepts of force majeure and economic hardship, which both deal with unforeseen and unavoidable events disrupting the performance of a contract. Despite many overlapping features between the two concepts, major divergences exist, both in conditions and effects. This article examines how force majeure and hardship are approached in the UAE Civil Transactions Code by analyzing their constitutive elements and comparing their consequences on contract performance and liability.

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50 Years Of Constitutional Judicial Review In The United Arab Emirates: Key Features, Nisrine Abiad Apr 2026

50 Years Of Constitutional Judicial Review In The United Arab Emirates: Key Features, Nisrine Abiad

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

On the 50th anniversary of the enshrinement of judicial review within the UAE Constitution, this paper explores its main features. The analysis of the constitutional provisions and the jurisprudence of the Federal Supreme Court reveals that constitutional judicial review in the UAE is intrinsically rooted in federalism as it is mainly designed as a tool preserving the adjudication of powers between federal and local authorities. It is nevertheless also destined by the Constitution for a wider purpose of constitutional justice endorsing the individuals and the courts as key players in its process.

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قراءة في أحكام قانون انتخاب أعضاء مجلس النواب رقم ٢٠١٧/٤٤, رزق زغيب Apr 2026

قراءة في أحكام قانون انتخاب أعضاء مجلس النواب رقم ٢٠١٧/٤٤, رزق زغيب

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

By virtue of the new law on the Election of the Members of Parliament number 44 promulgated on June 17, 2017 and for the first time in its one hundred years history, Lebanon has adopted the proportional representation electoral system with a closed list and a preferential vote according to the greatest remainders. It is not surprising to note that the adoption of a specific electoral system is never considered in general as an innocent choice. This choice is controlled by the wishes of the governing political classes which aim though a new law on elections to achieve specific goals …

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Les Conditions Générales De Formation Du Contrat Dans La Jurisprudence Libanaise : L’Objet, La Cause, Les Vices Du Consentement, Samia Nassar Asmar Apr 2026

Les Conditions Générales De Formation Du Contrat Dans La Jurisprudence Libanaise : L’Objet, La Cause, Les Vices Du Consentement, Samia Nassar Asmar

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

The general conditions for the formation of the contract in the Lebanese case law The Lebanese lawmaker enacted the general conditions for the formation of the contract in Articles 186 and following of the Code of Obligations and Contracts. However, here as elsewhere, the legislative work had to be supplemented by case law. The analysis of the case law relating to the substantive conditions required for the formation of the contract, has allowed to identify the most significant points of litigation in this area, to list the solutions given by the courts and to infer their general guidelines. The Lebanese …

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Le Secret Bancaire Libanais À L’Épreuve Des Contraintes De La Coopération Internationale, Youmna Zein Hayek Apr 2026

Le Secret Bancaire Libanais À L’Épreuve Des Contraintes De La Coopération Internationale, Youmna Zein Hayek

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

The Banking secrecy law which was promulgated in 1956 is undoubtedly one of the pillars of the Lebanese banking system. The stringent provisions of the law require banks to maintain the absolute secrecy of their clients’ information, except in some limited cases. However, Lebanon has lately joined the global community’s effort to fight money laundering and terrorism financing including tax evasion. As a result, new laws were enacted whereby new circumstances trigger the release of the banking secrecy. This article examines the impact of the new laws and regulations on the scope of the Lebanese banking secrecy system.

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La Réforme Du Code De Commerce Libanais : Impact Sur Le Fonctionnement Des Sociétés Anonymes, Patrick Soumrani Apr 2026

La Réforme Du Code De Commerce Libanais : Impact Sur Le Fonctionnement Des Sociétés Anonymes, Patrick Soumrani

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

Except for specific limited amendments, the Lebanese corporate law has remained unchanged for many years. Several drafts aiming to reform and modernize such law have been prepared since the 1990s. But it is only in 2019 that a new draft has been voted hastily by the parliament, and has entered into effect on the 1st of July 2019. The reform brings numerous advantages: it facilitates the functioning of limited liability companies and joint stock companies, introduces the single partner limited liability company, provides for specific provisions governing the GDRs, as well as companies’ mergers and splits, and sanctions penalty the …

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Réflexions Sur La Monnaie Et La Banque Au Liban, Antoine Merheb Apr 2026

Réflexions Sur La Monnaie Et La Banque Au Liban, Antoine Merheb

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

Banks and currencies have always been intimately linked and the problems suffered by one affect inevitably the other. This article which recalls the history of the contemporary national currency tries to enlighten the causes of the most serious monetary crisis that Lebanon has incurred since its independence in 1943 and the deleterious effects of this crisis on the Lebanese banking sector which is, in part, responsible for having blindly followed, not always under duress, the policy drawn up by the central bank and which only found, to escape total bankruptcy, to hang on to the unlimited liberating power of a …

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Le Mariage Civil Au Liban : Les Enjeux Et Les Difficultés, Pierre Gannagé Apr 2026

Le Mariage Civil Au Liban : Les Enjeux Et Les Difficultés, Pierre Gannagé

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

This article highlights the difficulties associated with the introduction of civil marriage in Lebanon. It analyzes the latest developments in positive law, taking into account marriages performed before a notary and drafts codification of family law. Finally, it shows that the secularization of personal status is perfectly compatible with the essential requirements of the Lebanese multi-community regime.

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