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From The Editor In Chief, C. Anthony Pfaff

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Welcome to the Summer 2026 issue of Parameters, which consists of two In Focus special commentaries, three forums (Indo-Pacific, Strategy, and Historical Studies) and the Strategic Competition Corner.

Parameters, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

Rethinking Power: E. H. Carr’S Enduring Lessons For Modern Strategists, Brian J. Hasse

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article argues E. H. Carr’s classic conception of power provides enduring lessons for national security, but these lessons are easily lost in application. Unlike much of the existing literature, this article emphasizes how modern conceptions of power convey an illusion of balance, while the national security bureaucracy constrains the effective synchronization of power. The analysis leverages both historical and contemporary case studies to identify what a balanced conception of power looks like in practice, with the hope of informing US national security strategy and policy in today’s complex security environment.

How Is Going To War Like Buying A Car?: The Bargaining Model Of War, Richard R. Johnson

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

The bargaining model of war, a popular, yet complex international relations theory, emphasizes how nations communicate signals regarding military strength, resolve to fight, and foreign policy goals. Since the military plays a major role in communicating these signals, its leaders should understand this theory, despite its complexities. This article explains the model and its components through the used car sale bargaining process and supplements the analogy with real-world examples of international events. This article will help military and foreign policy professionals easily grasp the concepts of the model.

The State Of The Us Army, Richard D. Hooker Jr.

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article argues that the US Army remains dangerously optimized for counterinsurgency, leaving it ill-equipped for a high-intensity ground war against near-peer adversaries like Russia or China. Unlike standard modernization literature that focuses solely on technology, this analysis highlights how bloated staffs and personnel policies that prioritize equity over battlefield excellence undermine combat readiness. The analysis evaluates 2026 force structure projections against current personnel metrics and acquisition timelines to identify systemic readiness gaps. The findings provide military and policy practitioners with actionable frameworks to reallocate personnel resources and address critical gaps in field artillery, electronic warfare, and short-range air defense …

A New Security Framework For Nato’S Eastern Flank, Matthew J. Kukla, Anna Batta

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article argues for a NATO-EU–led security strategy to achieve long-term deterrence in Ukraine after the end of the Russia-Ukraine War. Unlike existing analyses, this article straddles the strategic level of deterrence, outlining an operational road map. Its historical example of the Iraq War shows that long-term security requires the development of plans before a conflict ends, long-term commitments, and multilateral—not unilateral—security efforts. The proposed solution provides strategic planners and policymakers with a low-risk, high-reward approach that leverages burden sharing through a multinational framework.

Fighting For Intelligence In Large-Scale Combat Operations: The Role Of The Intelligence And Electronic Warfare Battalion–Next, Richard Appelhans, Michael Liesmann, B. Clay Jackson, Mikael Heikkinen

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article contends the US Army’s proposed intelligence and electronic warfare battalion–next concept constitutes an organizational solution essential for achieving intelligence dominance in large-scale combat operations. Transcending legacy formations that are predicated on specific intelligence disciplines, this innovative design furnishes a functionally oriented, modular, and layered architecture that affords the requisite analytic capabilities, agility, and endurance for the contemporary battlefield. The analysis incorporates lessons extracted from the Russia-Ukraine War, US Army experimental endeavors, assessments of peer threats, and doctrinal evolutions, thereby providing readers of US Army War College Press publications with vital insights into how the Army is adapting to …

Turning Tactical Victories Into Strategic Success: Counterinsurgency In The Irish Civil War, 1922–23, Gareth Prendergast, John A. Nagl

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

The fundamentals the Irish National Army used in the Irish Civil War (1922–23) are a model for the successful application of a classic counterinsurgency which, if understood earlier, could have made a difference in the United States’ most recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. The Irish Civil War has not been examined in-depth through the lens of modern counterinsurgency doctrine. This article draws on military history and recent counterinsurgency doctrines to provide US policymakers and military practitioners practical guidance for how counterinsurgent forces can foster trust and use appropriate tactics that lead to strategic success.

Barking Up The Right Tree: A Proposal For Uniform Canine Evidence Standards, Karly Koenig

St. Mary's Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Luxury Of Entertainment: Positioning Live Events As Third Places, Kelsie T. Martin

Honors College Theses

This study examines the shift of live entertainment into a luxury commodity and its implications for social accessibility and cultural participation. Rising ticket prices, dynamic pricing models, and industry consolidation restrict access to concerts and festivals to higher-income audiences, as seen through companies such as Live Nation. This increasing trend in the entertainment industry contradicts the original purpose of live entertainment and music events as a shared cultural experience.

By incorporating Ray Oldenburg’s theory of “third places,” this research explores how live events can function as inclusive social spaces that foster community, belonging, and social connection. Using an applied case …

The Paradox Of Ambition:Global South Leadership And Brazil's Stalled Rise To Global Power, Valentinna De Melo Ferrarini

Honors Theses

Brazil possesses the material resources, territorial size, and regional influence typically associated with global powers, yet remains excluded from recognition as one. This thesis examines how Brazil's leadership of the Global South has shaped and at times constrained its ambition to become more than a middle power. Using Wang and Chen's comprehensive national power measurements, it tracks Brazil's dramatic trajectory: a 72% increase in national power between 2005 and 2010, followed by a 43% decline by 2020. To explain this reversal, the thesis develops a delta framework identifying six key impediments: regional leadership failure, recognition deficit, military limitations, political instability, …

Assessment And Mitigation Of Covid-19 Occupational Hazards Among Small Businesses In A High-Risk Community, Sadie H Conway, Denise Vasquez, Soyoung Kwon, Kristina D Mena, Louis D Brown, Janelle Rios

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose –: This project explored COVID-19 workplace hazards and factors influencing the implementation of risk mitigation approaches among small businesses in a high-risk community.

Design/methodology/approach –: Using a novel framework, data were collected from 90 workplaces through site visits and consultations with at least one owner, manager or supervisor ("employer") and at least one non-managerial staff member ("employee"). A risk assessment and mitigation plan were prepared based on site-specific hazards; later, a follow-up visit assessed whether recommendations had been implemented and factors influencing these decisions.

Findings –: A total of 84 businesses (93.3%) implemented at least one recommendation, citing ease …

Composing Art For Reflexivity: Still Life Photography As A Medium For Reflexive Management Learning, Emi Makino, S. R. Aurora, Chantal Van Esch

Management Faculty Publications

Engaging in reflexive practice is crucial for both management students and professionals. Teaching the core skills of reflexivity can be difficult, however. We describe the Still Life Photo Exercise, a simple yet powerful reflexive activity grounded in art-based pedagogy. In this unconventional method for stimulating deep reflection and engaged discussion, students choose and arrange everyday objects into a work of art in line with a given theme, learning to critically reflect upon their lived experiences through creative skills, projective techniques, illustration of essence, and the physical act of making. The exercise’s versatility, its ability to draw out deep personal reflection …

Commercialization Of Conservation Areas: Mapping The Key Policy-Governance Issues In The Current Scholarship And Outlining A Future Research Agenda, Danis Syahroni, Ni Nyoman Bintarin Milenia, Much Taufik Tri Hermawan, Micah R. Fisher, Ahmad Maryudi

Forest and Society

The global expansion of area-based conservation has been accompanied by an upward trend in its commercialization, but research on this phenomenon remains fragmented and lacks a comprehensive analysis of its development. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis on 275 journal articles published between 1996 and 2024. Analysis identifies four foundational clusters in early scholarship, namely: ecotourism development; complex linkages between tourism and livelihood; neoliberal conservation and power relations; and, payment for ecosystem services (PES). The current research landscape, we identify, reveals a broader set of six policy/ governance-related thematic clusters, as follows: sustainable tourism and meaningful participation; tourism for poverty …

Improved Oscillation Criteria For A Class Of Neutral Differential Equations In The Canonical Case, Abdulaziz Khalid Alsharidi, Ali Muhib

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

This paper develops an analytical framework based on comparison with first-order equations to derive new oscillation criteria for all solutions of a class of second-order differential equations with multiple delays. These criteria extend and improve upon previously published results. Illustrative examples are provided to validate the theoretical findings and to demonstrate the significance and applicability of the proposed criteria.

Oscillation Properties Of First-Order Difference Equations With Nonmonotone Delays: New Insights And Criteria, Emad Attia, George Chatzarakis

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we examine the oscillatory behavior of the first-order linear delay difference equation Δy(n) + p(n) y(τ(n)) = 0, n ∈ ℕ₀. It is known in the literature that, for any C > 0, the condition lim sup_n→∞ ∑_i=τ(n)ⁿ p(i) > C, with τ(n) nonmonotone, is not, in general, sufficient to establish the oscillation of the difference equation. We prove that, for certain classes of difference equations, the aforementioned condition is sufficient to ensure the …

On The Number Of Exact Factorization Of Finite Groups, Jesus Alonso Ochoa Arango, Maria Angelica Umbarila Martin

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this work, the function f2(G), which counts the number of exact factorizations of a finite group G, is studied. The value of  f2(G) is computed for several well-known families of finite groups, and an asymptotic expression is derived for the number of exact factorizations of the alternating group A2n .

Measuring The Exorbitant Privilege: A Unified Estimate Of The Financial Benefits Of Dollar Dominance, 1976–2024, Carson T. Weeks

Honors Theses

This paper constructs a unified annual time series of the major measurable components of the United States' exorbitant privilege from 1976 to 2024. Drawing on established econometric estimates from the literature, it measures three channels through which the international role of the dollar generates financial benefits for the United States: seigniorage from foreign holdings of physical currency, borrowing cost savings on federal debt arising from reserve-driven demand for Treasuries, and the return differential on the U.S. external balance sheet, covering both public and private holdings. All dollar figures are reported in real 2024 dollars, deflated by the Consumer Price Index. …

2026-05-13 ‘Neumos Workers United’ Organize For Safe Working Conditions, Fair Pay, Keagen Brooks-Torres

The Spectator Online

No abstract provided.

Lindenwood Digest, May 13, 2026, Lindenwood University

Lindenwood Digest

• Event & Date: The St. Charles County Executive Debate on June 2, 2026; the 2026 Assessment Summit on May 14, 2026; and the Seeing the Unseen session on May 18, 2026. 

• Geographic Grounding: J. Scheidegger Center for the Arts and the Lindenwood Learning Academy (LARC), Lindenwood University, St. Charles, Missouri. 

• Key Honorees/Awards: Candidates Steve Ehlmann, Bill Eigel, and Jason Law; Assistant Registrar Julie Owens; Academic Service Representative Alexander Otto; Director Teresa Cole; Staff Admin Coach Brittany Brown. 

• Institutional Context: The Lindenwood University Employee Digest for May 13, 2026, details a modified summer distribution schedule and facilitates university-wide review of the …

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The Myth Of Long-Standing Precedent, Max Stul Oppenheimer

St. Mary's Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Staff Education Project To Assess The Use Of Telehealth In The Care Of Adult Psychiatric Patients, Edith Nwosu

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.

Evaluating Clinical Practice Guidelines For Managing Missed Appointments And Patient Re-Engagement In An Outpatient Mental Health Clinic, Agnes Limunga Jackai

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.

African American Faculty Members’ Perspectives On The Challenges To Obtain A Position At Predominantly White Colleges In The Southeastern United States, Sonya D. Thomas

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.

Marketing Tenure And Promotion Criteria [2026], Department Of Marketing

Tenure and Promotion Criteria

No abstract provided.

Research And Innovation Update, May 13, 2026, Office Of The Vice President For Research And Innovation

Office of Research, Economic Engagement and Outreach

No abstract provided.

From Spectator To Actor: The Drive-In Cinema As Movement On The Blue Ridge Parkway, Jacob Gonzalez

Bachelor of Architecture Theses - 5th Year

This thesis argues that architecture is not experienced as static form, but as something constructed through movement. It reconsiders the declining drive-in cinema typology not as a destination for passive viewing, but as a spatial system where movement and perception are actively choreographed.

The project asks: how can architectural movement transform the drive-in from a static act of viewing into a dynamic, cinematic experience?

Drawing from montage theory in film, particularly the work of Sergei Eisenstein, this thesis understands meaning as something constructed through sequence (through order, duration, repetition, and rhythm). Bernard Tschumi’s translation of these ideas into architecture informs …

From Passage To Place: Reimagining The Transit Hub, Amber Henry

Bachelor of Architecture Theses - 5th Year

Transit hubs are a vital backbone for commuters in major US cities. Despite this backbone, the design priority of the transit hubs is not given the same commitment. When designing transit hubs, there is a focus on the circulation of the hub, often neglecting community engagement and the opportunity to design the space for more than just a transit center. This hyper fixation on circulation just exacerbates the problem of lost space within the urban city. Lost space is the space that is left over and unused due to urban blight. Urban blight occurred in the mid-20th century with people …

A Place To Return: Reimagining Rehabilitation Through Architecture In Tijuana, Mexico, Karen J. Reyes

Bachelor of Architecture Theses - 5th Year

Addiction in Mexico is often associated with stigma, isolation, and institutional models of rehabilitation that reinforce punishment rather than healing. Many rehabilitation centers remain socially invisible, poorly maintained, and disconnected from the communities they aim to serve, particularly in border cities such as Tijuana, where displacement, instability, and addiction frequently intersect. The project responds to these conditions by exploring how architecture can redefine rehabilitation as a process rooted in dignity, belonging, and renewal rather than shame and confinement.

Grounded in Aaron Antonovsky’s Salutogenic Model and theories of community-centered healing, the proposal reimagines recovery through the concept of work as therapy. …

Becoming Our Best: Professional Identity Formation As A Pathway To Lawyering Excellence In The Age Of Generative Ai, Jessica Lynn Wherry, Frances C. Delaurentis

St. Mary's Law Journal

No abstract provided.