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Articles 20911 - 20940 of 2913340
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
From Barriers To Opportunities: Adult Learner Decision Factors And An Implementation Plan For The Awarding Of Credit For Prior Learning, Kristi Leigh Dearing
From Barriers To Opportunities: Adult Learner Decision Factors And An Implementation Plan For The Awarding Of Credit For Prior Learning, Kristi Leigh Dearing
Theses and Dissertations
With approximately 36 million adults in the nation having some college credit but no degree, these adult learners are the key to filling the gap in the workforce as more jobs will require postsecondary education by 2031 (Jeffe & Rollins, 2024; Carnevale et al., 2023). Adult learners returning to college after sometimes an extended absence encounter barriers that may impact the ability to enroll. Adult learners must balance financial, family, and work responsibilities while completing coursework. By awarding credit for prior learning through portfolio assessment, colleges and universities have an opportunity to recognize the value of the knowledge, experiences, and …
British Subjects "Of Ye Jewish Religion": The Negotiated Identities Of The Levy-Franks Family, Laura Miriam Drake
British Subjects "Of Ye Jewish Religion": The Negotiated Identities Of The Levy-Franks Family, Laura Miriam Drake
Theses and Dissertations
Through a series of determined choices over sixty-five years, the Levy-Franks family blended their religious identity as Jews with their claimed British socio-political identity to achieve economic success in eighteenth-century colonial New York. Through colonial records, newspapers, legal petitions, portraits and, most significantly, the letters of Abigaill Levy Franks, this dissertation examines the family’s actions taken to create a blended identity, despite the potential threat that their participation in the broader British Atlantic world posed to their religious selves. During a time in British history when religious identities were at the forefront of political debate, the Levy-Franks family created a …
Faculty Perceptions Of Transfer Students: How Characteristics And Experiences Inform Faculty Predispositions Toward Transfer Students In Senior Institutions, Tracey Ann Dubard
Faculty Perceptions Of Transfer Students: How Characteristics And Experiences Inform Faculty Predispositions Toward Transfer Students In Senior Institutions, Tracey Ann Dubard
Theses and Dissertations
Faculty perceptions of student populations have been widely discussed, but the conversation has seldom focused on the transfer student population. Because a third of community college students choose to transfer into four-year institutions, the elements of the environment awaiting them are worthy of exploration. The classroom setting is a shared experience for transfer students. Therefore, faculty can play a significant role in creating a climate of support for this population. However, the opposite may be true. Transfer students often arrive on campus to find an environment that is mostly focused on traditional students. The lack of a supportive environment may …
Evaluating The Spray Patterns Of Boomless Spray Nozzles At Increasing Application Speeds, Thomas Hayden Duncan
Evaluating The Spray Patterns Of Boomless Spray Nozzles At Increasing Application Speeds, Thomas Hayden Duncan
Theses and Dissertations
Boomless nozzles have been largely ignored in spray studies, resulting in limited understanding of their spray patterns and how they are affected by operating parameters. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of application speed on the performance of four boomless nozzles. Dyed water was applied to Kromekote® paper to assess spray distribution based on coverage data at three speeds, and MSMA was applied to a mixed turf stand to evaluate the effect of speed on performance. Overlap simulations were done to evaluate how uniformity could be improved, and nozzle performance was compared to manufacturer claims. Spray patterns of …
Rethinking Social Disorganization In Rural America: Persistent Poverty, Institutional Fragility, And Crime, Addison Finch
Rethinking Social Disorganization In Rural America: Persistent Poverty, Institutional Fragility, And Crime, Addison Finch
Theses and Dissertations
Social Disorganization Theory (SDT) links structural disadvantage to crime through mechanisms such as residential instability, weakened social networks, and reduced informal social control in urban neighborhoods. Less is known about whether these mechanisms operate similarly in persistently poor rural communities where disadvantage is enduring rather than destabilizing. This study examines whether variation in poverty intensity predicts county-level crime in nonmetropolitan, persistently poor counties in Kentucky and Tennessee from 2016 to 2023. A balanced county-year panel (N = 344) integrates incident-based crime data with measures of poverty intensity and institutional capacity. Pooled ordinary least squares models with year fixed effects and …
The Role Of Risk And Resilience In Psychological Distress: An Application Of The Minority Stress Model, Rachel Clair Franklin
The Role Of Risk And Resilience In Psychological Distress: An Application Of The Minority Stress Model, Rachel Clair Franklin
Theses and Dissertations
LGBT individuals experience disproportionate levels of psychological distress compared to heterosexual populations, often attributed to minority stressors, including experiences of discrimination and victimization. Guided by the Minority Stress Model, the present study examined whether social and community support moderated the relationship between minority stress and psychological distress, and whether rejection sensitivity and fear of discrimination mediated these associations. Data were collected from a sample of 251 individuals who self-identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender in the United States. Multiple regression, moderation, and mediation analyses using the PROCESS macro were conducted to examine relationships among experiences of discrimination, sexuality-based victimization, …
A Woman’S Wilderness: Fostering Mental Well-Being Through Sensory Stimulation In The Outdoors, Anah Gaynes
A Woman’S Wilderness: Fostering Mental Well-Being Through Sensory Stimulation In The Outdoors, Anah Gaynes
Theses and Dissertations
The female experience with nature is unique (Nurse, G. A., Benfield, J., Bell, P. A., 2010). This provokes the question explored in this study: “What sensory interactions impact women’s mental well-being in nature-based therapy programs?” This study invited participants of nature-based retreats held at 4 Winds Farm in Glenwood Springs, Colorado or Summit Sisters at Cal-Wood Education Center in Jamestown, Colorado. Findings indicate that women’s positive emotions are significantly impacted by their sensory experiences. It also revealed a fascination with trees and the importance of tactile experiences. For landscape architects this brings about a new challenge in designing for the …
Assessment Of Energy And Hydration Demands Of Farm Workers In Mississippi, Mckenzie Lynne Hargrove
Assessment Of Energy And Hydration Demands Of Farm Workers In Mississippi, Mckenzie Lynne Hargrove
Theses and Dissertations
The agricultural community in Mississippi is critical to the state’s economy and the health of its communities. Farm workers meet these needs by performing highly demanding work with long hours of labor, limited resources, and stressful environmental conditions. The purpose of this investigation was to examine and measure indicators of physiological and behavioral adaptations to the heat such as whole body sweat rate (WBSR), sweat sodium (Na+) content, urine specific gravity (USG), and fluid intake, as well as determine total daily energy expenditure (TEE) and water influx (rH2O) via the doubly labeled water technique (DLW) in farm workers during the …
Investigating Teacher Cognition Of Teaching Spatial Thinking Among Middle And High School Stem Teachers: A Knowledge, Belief, And Attitude Perspective, Jonathan Grant Harris
Investigating Teacher Cognition Of Teaching Spatial Thinking Among Middle And High School Stem Teachers: A Knowledge, Belief, And Attitude Perspective, Jonathan Grant Harris
Theses and Dissertations
Spatial thinking is a critical cognitive ability that supports learning and problem solving across science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. Despite extensive research highlighting the importance of spatial thinking in STEM achievement and career success, limited research has examined STEM teachers’ cognition of spatial thinking or developed instruments to measure it. The purpose of this study was to investigate middle and high school STEM teachers’ cognition of spatial thinking, including their perceived pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of spatial thinking, self-efficacy beliefs about teaching spatial thinking, and attitudes toward spatial thinking as a critical component of STEM learning and achievement. …
A Research-Informed Wellness Guide For Creating A Culture Of Educator Wellness And Retention In Schools, Anthony L. Herbert
A Research-Informed Wellness Guide For Creating A Culture Of Educator Wellness And Retention In Schools, Anthony L. Herbert
Theses and Dissertations
Teacher attrition in high-poverty K–12 schools continues to undermine instructional continuity, organizational stability, and educational equity. While compensation and accountability pressures contribute to turnover, emerging research identifies workload intensity, emotional exhaustion, and the absence of systemic wellness supports as central drivers of burnout and departure decisions. The purpose of this capstone project is to develop a research-informed wellness guide designed to assist site-based leaders in embedding educator wellness within school systems as a strategic approach to improving teacher retention. This study addresses the question: What leadership strategies and school-level practices does the research recommend for creating supportive, wellness-centered environments in …
Developing And Evaluating U.S. Army Bridging For Ship Simulation, Jacob C. Hodges
Developing And Evaluating U.S. Army Bridging For Ship Simulation, Jacob C. Hodges
Theses and Dissertations
This research investigates the intricacies of ship simulation and developmental processes for integrating wet gap crossing capabilities into a simulated environment. The US Army Mark III Bridge Erection Boat (BEB) and Improved Ribbon Bridge (IRB) were modeled in commercial off the shelf (COTS) and Government Co-Owned (GCO) navigation software suites to determine their performance capabilities and limitations. Each model was constructed using naval architecture concepts to accurately capture their hydrostatic and hydrodynamic effects before being validated against available performance data and expert elicitation from expert US Army watercraft operators. Models were configured and tested in simulated river flows with current …
Exclusionary Disciplinary Composition Outcomes: Schools With High African American Enrollments And Schools With Low African American Enrollments, Darrell A. Jones
Exclusionary Disciplinary Composition Outcomes: Schools With High African American Enrollments And Schools With Low African American Enrollments, Darrell A. Jones
Theses and Dissertations
Racial disparities in exclusionary disciplinary outcomes remain consistently documented across United States public schools, with African American (AA) students disproportionately represented in in-school suspension (ISS) and out-of-school suspension (OSS) outcomes. The purpose of this quantitative comparative study was to examine whether statistically significant differences existed between (a) the percentage of students receiving ISS who were AA and (b) the percentage of students receiving OSS who were AA in selected Mississippi public high schools with high AA enrollment (≥70%) and low AA enrollment (≤30%) during the 2022–2023 and 2023–2024 academic years. The study utilized archival, publicly available, school-level discipline and enrollment …
Development And Application Of An Edna Protocol For The Detection Of Gulf Coast Walleye (Sander Vitreus) In Mississippi, Kevin W. Jones
Development And Application Of An Edna Protocol For The Detection Of Gulf Coast Walleye (Sander Vitreus) In Mississippi, Kevin W. Jones
Theses and Dissertations
The Gulf Coast Walleye (Sander vitreus) is a genetically unique Walleye population endemic to the southeastern United States and is increasingly threatened due to habitat loss. The current distribution of this population is poorly understood, especially in the upper Tombigbee River Basin in Mississippi. We developed an environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling method for Gulf Coast Walleye by modifying an existing quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay. Our assay tested highly sensitive for Walleye DNA and presented a minimal risk of cross-amplifying co-occurring nontarget species. We then applied the assay to samples from 26 streams in the upper Tombigbee Basin and positive controls. …
Mapping And Measuring Sidewalk Network Connectivity In Starkville, Mississippi: The Role Of Policy-Required Development, Public Investment, And Destination Access, Isabella R. Jones
Mapping And Measuring Sidewalk Network Connectivity In Starkville, Mississippi: The Role Of Policy-Required Development, Public Investment, And Destination Access, Isabella R. Jones
Theses and Dissertations
Sidewalks support pedestrian mobility, public health, social community, and access to destinations, but few studies explore sidewalk connectivity in small cities. This study examines changes in sidewalk network connectivity in Starkville, Mississippi after the adoption of a sidewalk ordinance in 2009. Using ArcGIS Pro, a dataset of the city’s sidewalk network was created and used to analyze changes in the network between 2009 and 2024. Sidewalks were given connectivity ratings using a system that considered physical connections to the network as well as proximity to important destinations such as grocery stores, parks, schools, bus stops, and the city’s hospital. The …
Accelerating Defensive Cyber Operations Via Unsupervised Log Clustering And Automated Regex Template Synthesis, Charles Matthew Jones
Accelerating Defensive Cyber Operations Via Unsupervised Log Clustering And Automated Regex Template Synthesis, Charles Matthew Jones
Theses and Dissertations
Modern Security Operations Centers (SOCs) ingest millions of log entries per day, but manual parsing does not scale to the volume, heterogeneity, and rapid evolution of log formats. This dissertation investigates whether unsupervised clustering can automate the generation of candidate field-extraction templates while remaining deployable in production and feasible under realistic runtime and memory constraints. The central research question asks whether a machine-learning-assisted pipeline that proposes extraction templates for security engineer review—relative to reproducible human-authored baselines such as hand-written regular expressions—can measurably improve rule-set deployability and corpus-scale extraction quality. Improvement is quantified using four applicability metrics: Coverage Rate (CR), Exclusive …
A Pedagogically Effective Conceptual Framework For The Resilience Of Unit Test Suites To Refactoring, Daniel Paul Knight
A Pedagogically Effective Conceptual Framework For The Resilience Of Unit Test Suites To Refactoring, Daniel Paul Knight
Theses and Dissertations
Unit test suites are intended to support safe and efficient source code refactoring, yet in practice they can hinder rather than help when tests are tightly coupled to implementation details. Such non-resilient tests require frequent co-evolution, consume valuable engineering time, and may disincentivize beneficial code improvements. While concepts such as passive and active resilience, test smells, and technical debt have been studied individually, they have not been integrated into a single actionable framework, nor has their pedagogical value been systematically evaluated. This dissertation introduces a novel conceptual framework for the resilience of unit test suites to refactoring, grounded in resilience …
Parhsom: A Novel Parallel Hierarchical Self-Organizing Map Implementation, Rebekah E. Lane
Parhsom: A Novel Parallel Hierarchical Self-Organizing Map Implementation, Rebekah E. Lane
Theses and Dissertations
The digital age has completely transformed the way that information is processed and stored, which makes cybersecurity a crucial field of research. Cybersecurity contains many different domains, but this work focuses on Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs). Within the literature, Hierarchical Self-Organizing Maps (HSOMs) have been used to create trustworthy, explainable, and AI-based IDSs. However, HSOMs are trained sequentially, which means that training HSOMs on large datasets is slow. This work presents a novel parallel HSOM architecture, called parHSOM. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect that parallel computation has on the HSOM training time. parHSOM is tested …
Body Swaps, Prophetic Dreams, And The Angel Of Destruction: Agency And Narration In Mary Shelley’S Short Stories And Revisions To Frankenstein, Meg Mcdougal
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis investigates Mary Shelley’s later bibliography, focusing on several of her short stories published around the 1831 revisions to Frankenstein. This study investigates Shelley’s techniques to present the agency of each of her protagonists through various techniques of narration, including points of view, methods of storytelling, and usage of voice. Comparing three of Shelley’s short stories creates a throughline of agency and narration in tandem with the presence of the supernatural, and this throughline can be found exclusively in the 1831 edition of Frankenstein. Through this examination, Shelley’s later edition of her most famous work can be looked at …
Creative Media Production Curriculum Design, Development, And Implementation For Undergraduate Programs, Christopher P. Misun
Creative Media Production Curriculum Design, Development, And Implementation For Undergraduate Programs, Christopher P. Misun
Theses and Dissertations
This capstone explores the limited availability of structured, production-focused creative media education within the examined institutional context, despite increasing student interest and industry demand. The aim of this study is to design a research-based undergraduate Creative Media Production (CMP) curriculum that aligns with institutional needs, industry standards, and evidence-based teaching practices. The study utilizes a conceptual framework combining constructivist learning theory, Understanding by Design, Project-Based Learning, High-Quality Project-Based Learning, and the ADDIE instructional design model. The research questions investigate how curriculum design and teaching methods prepare students for professional creative media production education. Using a qualitative, design-based approach, data are …
Our Home Away From Home? A Transnational Intersectional Exploration Of Colorism And Group Identity Among Black Surinamese Dutch People, Ashley Melcherts
Our Home Away From Home? A Transnational Intersectional Exploration Of Colorism And Group Identity Among Black Surinamese Dutch People, Ashley Melcherts
Theses and Dissertations
In this study, I explore the influence of colorism on Black Surinamese Dutch group identity formation. Through a transnational intersectional lens rooted in Black feminism, I examine the role of colorism in the formation of group identity of Black Surinamese Dutch people. I also examine gendered aspects of colorism. Data for this dissertation come from virtual and face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews I conducted with 25 Black Surinamese diaspora members in the Netherlands, one Black Surinamese diaspora member in Spain, and one Black Surinamese diaspora member in the United States. Interviews reveal how Black Surinamese Dutch people negotiate colorism coming from …
Using Seafloor Geomorphology, Classification Schema, And Spatial Analysis To Predict Geologic Structures, With Applications For Mars, Emma Morgan
Theses and Dissertations
This study evaluated whether seafloor geomorphology can be used to predict subsurface fault locations along the Cascadia continental margin and explored whether such relationships can be transferred to Mars. Geomorphological classification schemas such as geomorphons, bathymetric position index (BPI), slope, rugosity, aspect, and curvature were derived from seafloor bathymetry data and used as predictor variables in maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models developed separately for Pre-Pleistocene, Pleistocene, Quaternary, and active fault datasets. Model performance ranged from AUC = 0.62 to 0.67, showing moderate predictive skill, with younger fault systems exhibiting stronger geomorphic associations. A secondary analysis showed a weaker but detectable relationship …
Comparison Of Degree Attainment Between Traditional And Nontraditional Community College Transfer Students From The Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study, Diann Mills Nichols
Comparison Of Degree Attainment Between Traditional And Nontraditional Community College Transfer Students From The Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study, Diann Mills Nichols
Theses and Dissertations
Nontraditional students have been part of higher education for over a century, yet their enrollment has increased substantially in recent decades and is expected to continue rising. Many return to college to gain credentials and skills needed for career advancement or reentry into the workforce. Despite their growing presence, nontraditional students remain less likely than traditional students to complete a degree within six years, often due to competing responsibilities such as work, family obligations, and financial strain. The purpose of this study was to compare nontraditional community college students who transferred to four-year institutions with their traditional counterparts in terms …
The Lived Experiences Of Mississippi School Leaders Addressing Food Insecurity In Their Schools, Krista Vowell Nicholson
The Lived Experiences Of Mississippi School Leaders Addressing Food Insecurity In Their Schools, Krista Vowell Nicholson
Theses and Dissertations
Title of Study: The lived experiences of Mississippi school leaders addressing food insecurity in their schools Pages in Study 135 Candidate for Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Food insecurity among children in the United States remains a significant concern for educational leaders. Researchers have consistently found a relationship between food insecurity and diminished student academic outcomes. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to examine how school leaders and teachers in schools in Mississippi describe their lived experiences responding to students dealing with food insecurity. The research study included semi-structured interviews with 12 principals and teacher leaders from four …
The Effects Of Experiential Learning On Engineering Self-Efficacy: A Study Of The Impact Of Inperson And Virtual Internships, Co-Ops, And Research Experiences, Sunny Bharat Patel
The Effects Of Experiential Learning On Engineering Self-Efficacy: A Study Of The Impact Of Inperson And Virtual Internships, Co-Ops, And Research Experiences, Sunny Bharat Patel
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation examined the relationship between participation in Engineering Learning Experiences (ELEs) and engineering self-efficacy, with particular attention to differences among ELE types (internships, cooperative education, and undergraduate research) and delivery modalities (in-person versus hybrid/virtual). Grounded in social cognitive theory, this study sought to better understand how work-related experiential formats influence students’ confidence in their ability to succeed in engineering tasks and professional contexts. As engineering programs and industry increasingly adopt flexible and technology-mediated environments, examining how these experiences shape beliefs about engineering capability is both timely and necessary. Using a mixed-methods approach, quantitative analyses compared self-efficacy outcomes across students …
In The Pursuit Of Beauty: A Bureaucratic History Of Chicago's Parks, 1860-1900, Jackie L. Perkins
In The Pursuit Of Beauty: A Bureaucratic History Of Chicago's Parks, 1860-1900, Jackie L. Perkins
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation examines how the decentralized and competitive urban government of Chicago regulated not only the material conditions but also the aesthetic beauty of three separate park systems formed in 1869 as a response to Chicagoans’ broad push for improved recreational landscapes in the city. The systems, political entities each governed by its own commission, experienced varying levels of independence from the city of Chicago. As commissioners worked towards the creation of urban parks modeled after the idealized beauty made popular by New York’s Central Park, they encountered the bureaucratic and environmental realities of Chicago, two forces that often worked …
Characterizing The Microbial Structure And Function In Black Soldier Fly Digested Dairy Manure And Subsequent Larvae, Branden N. Pierce
Characterizing The Microbial Structure And Function In Black Soldier Fly Digested Dairy Manure And Subsequent Larvae, Branden N. Pierce
Theses and Dissertations
This work examined the microbial structure and gene expression found in Black Soldier Fly larval guts and their frass when reared on dairy cattle manure that had been amended with either R. rhodococcus 21198, P. polymyxa 8158, or both and compare the results to larvae reared on untreated manure. First an overview of literature surrounding projected global food supplies and the possible use of insects to either increase them or mitigate the environmental effect of producing said supply. A cellulose degradation assay was performed to assist in determining which bacterial species to use as amendments. Characterization of the microbial communities …
Evaluation Of Soybean (Glycine Max (L.) Merr.) Response Following Simulated Damage, Brittany Rhea
Evaluation Of Soybean (Glycine Max (L.) Merr.) Response Following Simulated Damage, Brittany Rhea
Theses and Dissertations
Deer damage to row crops has been an ongoing issue in the state of Mississippi, and hail damage can be catastrophic. The objective of this research was to evaluate soybean response following simulated deer and hail damage at specific growth stages and damage levels. Soybean yield response to deer damage indicates the singular feedings of 75 % results in a loss of up to 2688.32 kg ha-1 in most scenarios, and continual feeding at the 50 % level leads to a yield reduction of up to 2168.81 kg ha-1 in all scenarios. Hail damage at V3 and R1 growth stages …
No-Till Versus Conventional Tillage Cover Crop Systems Effects On Cotton In The Blackland Prairie Region Of Mississippi, Mallie West Rivenbark
No-Till Versus Conventional Tillage Cover Crop Systems Effects On Cotton In The Blackland Prairie Region Of Mississippi, Mallie West Rivenbark
Theses and Dissertations
Nitrogen (N) plays a critical role in cotton production systems. Management practices such as tillage systems and cover crops (CC) can influence nutrient cycling and availability within the soil. The present study assessed the effects of CC in a conventional tillage (CT) vs. no-tillage (NT) system on cotton yield, fiber quality and N use efficiency. Ramifications for CC and N rates on lint yield and cotton N uptake were investigated during the 2024 and 2025 growing seasons in Verona, MS. Cover crop treatments include cereal rye (Secale cereale), crimson clover (Trifolium incaranatum) and a mix of cereal rye and crimson …
Nesting Ecology And Responses To Snag Resource Fluctuations Of Red-Headed Woodpeckers In Working Pine Forests, Zoe Elise Scott
Nesting Ecology And Responses To Snag Resource Fluctuations Of Red-Headed Woodpeckers In Working Pine Forests, Zoe Elise Scott
Theses and Dissertations
Southeastern working pine forests provide opportunities for sustainable management that balance conservation and economic objectives. Red-headed woodpeckers (Melanerpes erythrocephalus), as primary cavity excavators, play a disproportionate role in forest ecosystems, making them an ideal focal species for evaluating management strategies. From 2024-2025, we monitored 103 nesting attempts in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forests of Mississippi and Alabama, assessing nest site selection and survival. Nests were concentrated in early successional stands, with selection favoring taller snags with advanced decay characteristics, greater understory cover, and north-to-west cavity orientation. Nest survival increased with reduced cavity accessibility. Simulation models of varying snag retention levels …
Comprehensive Study Of The Durability And Protective Measures Of Cross-Laminated Timber, Samuel Gray Shumate
Comprehensive Study Of The Durability And Protective Measures Of Cross-Laminated Timber, Samuel Gray Shumate
Theses and Dissertations
The growing use of cross-laminated timber (CLT) in sustainable construction necessitates improved protection against biological deterioration. This study evaluates the fungal resistance of Southern Pine CLT fabricated from lumber pre-treated with micronized copper azole (MCA). Panels were produced under industrial pressing conditions, and durability was assessed using a modified American Wood Protection Association (AWPA) E10-22 soil block test against four brown-rot fungi. Results showed significant decay reduction for Coniophora puteana and Neolentinus lepideus, while protection was less effective against Gloeophyllum trabeum and Rhodonia placenta. Findings indicate that pre-treatment enhances preservative distribution but does not fully prevent decay in high-hazard environments. …