The Original Meaning Of Commerce In The Indian Commerce Clause, Gregory Ablavsky

Connecticut Law Review

In Haaland v. Brackeen, the Supreme Court returned to the foundational question of federal authority over relations between the United States and Native nations, long known as “Indian affairs.” The decision reaffirmed well-established precedent affirming broad federal authority in the area, but it also underscored ongoing disagreement, as Justices Gorsuch and Thomas offered lengthy and dueling investigations of the original understanding.

This Essay explores one aspect of that history: the original meaning of “commerce” in the Indian Commerce Clause. Nearly a decade ago, I wrote an article that sought, as its title indicated, to move “beyond the Indian Commerce Clause.” …

Connecticut Law Review Masthead & Table Of Contents 56-4

Connecticut Law Review

No abstract provided.

Haaland V. Brackeen And Mancari: On History, Taking Children, And The Right-Wing Assault On Indigenous Sovereignty, Laura Briggs

Connecticut Law Review

In June 2023, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) of 1978 in Haaland v. Brackeen, making it harder for (some) Indigenous families and communities to lose their children. The decision left one key question unanswered, however: whether protections specifically for American Indian households served as an illegitimate “racial” preference. Justice Amy Coney Barrett’s opinion for the majority argued that the petitioners lacked standing to raise this issue. Thus, the Court left the door open to continuing challenges by those who have an interest in using ICWA’s cute children and clean-cut evangelical Christian parents …

Bard Observer, Vol. 22, No. 6 (May 2024), Bard College

Bard Observer, 2020 - 2029

No abstract provided.

Gnsi Decision Brief: Repression Without Borders: How Nations Silence Critics Abroad, Sarah Brown, Amy K. Mitchell

GNSI Decision Briefs

Introduction

Transnational Repression (TNR) – the act of a government, or authorized group, coercing, repressing, or retaliating against individuals outside its sovereign territory – has significantly increased in recent years. Transnational repression often targets human rights defenders, activists, critics, journalists, and political opponents. Despite its insidious spread, the international community continues to grapple with applying a standard definition, as well as accountability and enforcement.

Transnational repression knows no borders. TNR can take many forms ranging from physical attacks such as the brazen murder of American citizen and journalist Jamal Khashoggi, coercion by proxy (e.g., the threatening of family members) to …

Summit Report: Artificial Intelligence In The Era Of Strategic Competition, Sarah Brown

GNSI Summit Reports

The 3^rd Tampa Summit: Artificial Intelligence in the Era of Strategic Competition was held March 5-7^th, 2024 at the University of South Florida and encompassed the 9^th event in the Great Power Competition Conference series. The Global and National Security Institute (GNSI), in partnership with U.S. Central Command (USCENTCOM), the U.S. Department of Defense Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Office (CDAO), and the USF Institute for Artificial Intelligence (AI+X) brought together over 50 experts from government, academia and private industry to discuss the current and future applications of artificial intelligence in national security.

Review: A Brick And A Bible: Black Women’S Radical Activism In The Midwest During The Great Depression, By Melissa Ford, Brent M. S. Campney

History Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Train Or Restrain? Using International Perspectives To Inform The American Fair Use Analysis Of Copyright In Generative Artificial Intelligence Training, Serena Lightstone

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

The rise of generative artificial intelligence (“AI”) has brought questions regarding the permissibility of using copyrighted materials in training generative AI systems around the globe. This article examines whether such use constitutes infringement under the American fair use doctrine, drawing insights from the regulatory approaches of the European Union (EU) and Japan.

Ultimately, this article advocates for United States courts to recognize the permissibility of using copyrighted materials in training generative AI models, rejecting the EU’s rights-holder-centric approach, and going beyond Japan’s limited-permissibility solution. Through a detailed four-factor fair use analysis, this article demonstrates that training generative AI on copyrighted …

The Goldilocks Dilemma In Terminating Treaties: The Case Study Of Brexit And Trade, Catherine Fabiano

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

Treaties are an essential source of international law, and they are permitted to be terminated. The rules governing termination, namely the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, highlight two main goals of treaties: the stability and flexibility of agreements. Brexit highlights these goals and illustrates the tensions that arise. When parties terminate their treaties, they are ultimately stuck in a goldilocks dilemma. Essentially, the parties have to balance a combination of factors to achieve just the right outcome. The United Kingdom and the European Union were caught in this goldilocks dilemma which Brexit depicts. In the end, the …

From Within: The Influence Of Domestic Non-State Actors On China’S International Legal Policies, Chaoyi Jiang, Li Chen

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

Beijing’s growing global influence has led to increased Chinese participation in various international initiatives, many of which intersect with international law, from trade to climate change. This has prompted scholars to focus more on China’s engagement with international law, aiming to develop effective strategies for interacting with this emerging global power.

Any analysis of international law’s role in a domestic system must consider the relevant actors, their influences, the issues they address, and the prevailing legal regime. This article offers new insights into Chinese policy formation by examining how influential domestic groups impact decision-making on specific public international law issues, …

The Business Judgment Rule In Stakeholder Capitalism, Thiago Spercel

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

The tension between shareholder primacy and stakeholder capitalism embodies a fundamental debate about the purpose of a corporation. These two perspectives offer contrasting views on whether a company should primarily serve the interests of its shareholders or consider the broader spectrum of stakeholders in its decision-making process, taking into account environmental, social and governance factors alongside financial performance. The Dodd-Berle debate from the 1930s and Milton Friedman’s teachings in the 1970s regarding the purpose of a corporation and the tension between shareholder primacy and stakeholderism have been reinvigorated. On the one hand, ESG considerations have become increasingly important in risk …

Future Market Blueprints: Harnessing Artificial Intelligence In A World Wired For Wonder, David Temprano

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

George, Jane, and the gang from The Jetsons promised us the dream to soar with flying cars. Well, we move forward with self-driving cars. Robot maids? Well, we got a handy dandy Roomba. The Turn-off-the-Boss Button? Well, we have screen share toggling and the mute button. What each of these examples has in common is artificial intelligence (AI). According to some estimates, AI and its innovation have the potential to boost the global economy by trillions of dollars a year, revolutionizing society in the process. In this process comes progress, but also worry and questions, law and intervention, along with …

When Market Forces Backfire: Mandatory Esg Disclosure And Corporate Innovation, Andi Zhang

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

Mandatory ESG disclosure makes it possible to incorporate ESG information into stock prices, incentivizing firms to “do good”. This channel, however, may lead to suboptimal investments, according to disclosure theories. This study investigates the changes in firms’ investment in innovation activities following the staggered introduction of mandatory ESG disclosure around the world. Using a sample of corporate patents filed by listed firms across 58 countries from 2000 to 2022, I find that the introduction of mandatory ESG disclosure is associated with less corporate innovation. The effect is mainly driven by countries that mandate ESG disclosure within corporate financial reports, when …

Policy Library- 155 Indiana State University Staff Council Bylaws, Indiana State University, General Counsel

Policy Library

Policy 155 Staff Council Bylaws

Policy Library- 450 Policy On Student Organizations, Indiana State University, General Counsel

Policy Library

Policy 450 Student Organizations

Policy Library- 126 Policies And Procedures Of The Isu Board Of Trustees, Indiana State University, General Counsel

Policy Library

Policy 126 Policies and Procedures of the ISU Board of Trustees

Policy Library- 915 Public Relations/Political Activities, Indiana State University, General Counsel

Policy Library

Policy 915 Public Relations/Political Activities

Exploring Asynchronous Pronunciation Training Through Context-Aware Pronunciation Applications, Claire L. Schweikert

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

This paper provides a survey of various research articles on context-aware asynchronous pronunciation training applications. First, a set of seven articles is reviewed and summarized. Next, they are synthesized over the three main topics of 1) automated speech recognition, 2) non-native speaker considerations in language learning, and 3) future directions for research and development within computer-assisted pronunciation training (CAPT). Research in the areas of acoustic and pronunciation modeling (both implicit and explicit), pedagogical considerations for CAPT application design, Goodness of Pronunciation algorithm scoring, accent recognition and neutralization, and more are discussed.

Monero: Powering Anonymous Digital Currency Transactions, Jake Braddy

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

Cryptocurrencies rely on a distributed public ledger (record of transactions) in order to perform their intended functions. However, the public’s ability to audit the network is both its greatest strength and greatest weakness: Anyone can see what address sent currency, and to whom the currency was sent. If cryptocurrency is ever going to take some of the responsibility of fiat currency, then there needs to be a certain level of confidentiality. Thus far, Monero has come out on top as the preferred currency for embodying the ideas of privacy and confidentiality. Through numerous cryptographic procedures, Monero is able to obfuscate …

Decoding Democracy: Ideographic Analyses Of 2024 Republican Presidential Nominees' Rhetoric, Allyson Havenridge

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

The following rhetorical analysis identifies the rhetoric that was used by 2024 Republican presidential candidates Nikki Haley and Donald Trump. Rhetoric can be thought of as the means and ways that we, as social beings, use language to create meaning and exchange symbols to better understand the world around us. This rhetorical analysis aims to identify the ways in which certain words are being used and the reasoning behind why they were used by the rhetor, or the speaker in a rhetorical situation. The ultimate focus of the following rhetorical criticism is to examine how ideographs, or words that encase …

This Is Your Life Cycle: Analyzing The Impact Of Graphic Organizers, Collaborative Learning, And Non-Linguistic Representations On Student Learning, Ian Schmidt

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

This capstone investigated the implementation of cooperative learning through turn-and-talks and the use of graphic organizers in a third-grade reading unit. The unit’s topic centered around a story titled “This Is Your Life Cycle” which talks about the life cycle of a dragonfly. Throughout the unit, the students completed a pre-test, multiple summaries using a graphic organizer, multiple formative assessments, and a post-test. Upon completion of the unit, I analyzed the data to determine the effects the strategies used had on students' learning. Student data and performance demonstrated a possible link between an increase in student learning and the use …

Teaching Fraction Concepts To Third Grade Students With The Support Of Instructional And Assessment Strategies, Kaitlyn Brandl

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

This capstone project reports and analyzes the effects of utilizing differentiated instructional and assessment strategies in a third-grade classroom. The capstone will discuss the benefits and results of implementing two instructional strategies and two assessment methods during the instruction of a math unit in fraction concepts. The math unit was delivered over a period of 10 instructional days and included pre-assessment and post-assessments. Based on the data collected, student understanding and performance increased after integrating supports through differentiated instructional strategies. In this capstone, I will discuss the methods utilized to deliver instruction and assess student learning. Conclusions of the capstone …

Artificial Intelligence Applications For Optimizing Population And Clinical Drug Decision-Making Processes, Khulud Bukhari

Pharmaceutical Sciences (PhD) Dissertations

Introduction: In our study, we evaluated the application of ChatGPT4, an artificial intelligence chatbot, in the pharmacy field, specifically the capability of ChatGPT4 to extract and analyze FDA drug information, conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of two antibiotics, and identify and classify adverse drugs events (ADE). We compare the results of ChatGPT4 with those from manual searches and specialized software programs. Methods: The first study used ChatGPT4 to extract and assess the quality of regulatory information for antibiotics indicated for complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) approved by the FDA in 2014-2023. The second study involved comparing the cost-effectiveness analysis of cefiderocol …

Under The Bridge - Vol. 5, Issue 1 (Spring 2024), Tim Hendrickson

Under the Bridge

Essays/Short Stories: Liam Curtin - The Fox and the Reaper - 6 / Lauren Wolters - The Woods - 20 / MJ Huizinga - What it Takes - 32 / Patrick Johnson - NICU AT NIGHT - 54 / Patrick Johnson - RAIN - 55 / Mary Honey - Someone Worth Fighting For - 58

Scientific Essays: Moriah Avila - Navigating the Ethical Maze of Genetic Manipulation - 62 / Brendan Covell - Navajo Creek Macroinvertebrate Research Essay - 66

Poetry: Adriana Klein - 4 Poems (The Mourning, Outcry, Beneath the Snow, GROW IN GRACE) - 76 / Letisha Banks …

Governance And Islam In East Africa: Muslims And The State In Kenya And Tanzania, Farouk Topan, Kai Kresse, Erin E. Stiles, Hassan Mwakimako

Exploring Muslim Contexts

Explores the relationship between Muslim communities and the State in East Africa in political, institutional and legal contexts

• Focuses on the relationship between Muslims and the State in Kenya and Tanzania
• Asks which factors, both within and outside the Muslim community, shape and affect this relationship in contemporary times
• Presents 13 case studies exploring governance issues within and across the categories of politics, institutions and law in Kenya and Tanzania
• Identifies cross-cutting issues of governance and Muslim communities which are relevant beyond East Africa

Recent studies of Muslims in Kenya and Tanzania have tended either to examine governance of Muslims …

Putting Forward Sustainability As A Model For Journalism Education And Training, Nancy Booker, Bruce Mutsvairo, Dinesh Baliah, Theodora Dame Adjin-Tettey, Lars Tallert, Jean Mujati

Graduate School of Media and Communications

African journalism practice presents unique opportunities and challenges that require journalists to be equipped with the necessary skills, knowledge, and values to engage in sustainable journalism. Training institutions play a critical role in ensuring that journalists are not only professionally-ready to execute their mandate but also that they can safeguard and promote ethical values in their everyday work. Some of these values include “truth telling, independence, objectivity, fairness, inclusivity and social justice” (Gade, Nduka, and Dastger 2017, 10). Africa, like other regions of the Global South, has several journalism training institutions that provide an opportunity to challenge “hegemonic epistemologies and …

Diana E. H. Russell Against Gender-Based Violence In South Africa: Analyzing Europatriarchal Knowledge And Relations To Masculine Power, Georgia Peters

History & Classics Student Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Empowering Collaborative Application Development: A Robust Framework For Ad-Hoc Distributed Systems, Imran Abbas Khawaja, Kamran Abid, Uzma Farooq, Zaki Malik

Faculty Publications

The amalgamation of ubiquity, mobility, computing prowess, storage, and communication of the portable electronic devices including smartphones, wearable devices, tablets have significantly altered the fabric of human existence. The software applications for these mobile devices possess the capability to disseminate and receive information, thereby enable the development of applications that may execute in collaborative manner. However, in situations with ad-hoc connectivity unavailability of infrastructure and communication breakdown are common, which inhibit information sharing across the devices, and hence affect the applications running in the collaborative spaces. Further the applications developers face challenges while developing reliable collaborative applications that can seamlessly …

Policy Library- 130 Delegation And Authority Of The President And Presidential Succession, Indiana State University, General Counsel

Policy Library

Policy 130 Delegation and Authority of the President and Presidential Succession

Policy Library- 170 University Committees, Indiana State University, General Counsel

Policy Library

Policy 170 University Committees