Digital Commons Network^™

Lecture-Style Tutorial: Towards Graph Foundation Models, Chuan Shi, Cheng Yang, Yuan Fang, Lichao Sun, Philip Yu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Emerging as fundamental building blocks for diverse artificial intelligence applications, foundation models have achieved notable success across natural language processing and many other domains. Concurrently, graph machine learning has gradually evolved from shallow methods to deep models to leverage the abundant graph-structured data that constitute an important pillar in the data ecosystem for artificial intelligence. Naturally, the emergence and homogenization capabilities of foundation models have piqued the interest of graph machine learning researchers. This has sparked discussions about developing a next-generation graph learning paradigm, one that is pre-trained on broad graph data and can be adapted to a wide range …

Financial Literacy And Ipo Underpricing, Xiaoran Jia, Kiridaran G. Kanagaretnam, Chee Yeow Lim, Gerald J. Lobo

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

Using an international sample of IPO firms and two country-level measures of financial literacy, we find strong evidence that financial literacy is negatively associated with IPO underpricing. In cross-sectional analyses, we find that the effect of financial literacy in reducing IPO underpricing is more pronounced when the information environment is less transparent. Employing path analysis, we document that information friction, firm transparency, and stock market participation are mechanisms that mediate this relationship. Our study contributes to and extends the literature by providing strong evidence that citizens' financial literacy has an important and consistent influence on IPO underpricing.

Exploring Binding Pockets In The Conformational States Of The Sars-Cov-2 Spike Trimers For The Screening Of Allosteric Inhibitors Using Molecular Simulations And Ensemble-Based Ligand Docking, Grace Gupta, Gennady M. Verkhivker

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Understanding mechanisms of allosteric regulation remains elusive for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, despite the increasing interest and effort in discovering allosteric inhibitors of the viral activity and interactions with the host receptor ACE2. The challenges of discovering allosteric modulators of the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins are associated with the diversity of cryptic allosteric sites and complex molecular mechanisms that can be employed by allosteric ligands, including the alteration of the conformational equilibrium of spike protein and preferential stabilization of specific functional states. In the current study, we combine conformational dynamics analysis of distinct forms of the full-length spike protein trimers and …

Dao Gives Birth To Lots Of Killing: Violence In The Daoist Tradition, Micah Dunwoody

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

Violence in Daoism takes on political and/or cosmological significance. The earliest texts, including Daodejing, argue for defensive war that must be conducted appropriately by rulers. Myths and rituals that developed later in the tradition portray gods and spirits subduing demons. The latter are either killed or enlisted into the armies of the gods. Rituals include the role of humans, particularly Daoist priests/ritual specialists who call upon the gods to fight demons who inflict maladies upon people. This paper also examines the role of martial arts and physical violence. Martial arts are often imbued with religious hues in Daoism, as …

Minor Exploitation And Regulatory Shortfalls: Safeguarding Children’S Data In The Age Of Modern Technology, Kaylee Lahti

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

This paper looks into the issue of minors in the era of social media and seeks to answer the question: how can regulations help to protect children’s privacy in the age of social networks? To do this, this paper will start by exploring the privacy issues that have arisen amongst minors in the modern age and the lack of accountability for social networking companies. It will then look at the current regulations related to this issue and see where these regulations have fallen short. Next, possible regulatory solutions to this issue will be explored, including looking at current laws that …

Advent Children: Union Worx Threat Hunting, Olukunle Amoo, Joshua Hutfless, Adam Stemmler

Interdisciplinary Informatics Theses, Dissertations, and Student Creative Activity

ABSTRACT Security in the digital realm, once (and sadly for some continues to be) a mere afterthought, has been propelled to the forefront of even the most digitally disconnected person’s mind. With daily headlines publicizing new cyber-attacks and the ever-encroaching tendrils of nation state cyber power projection, it is no surprise that many large companies and the United States government have placed a premium on cybersecurity capabilities. And while this increased focus has brought with it standardization, automation, and price reduction, tailored security solutions continue to be cost and expertise prohibitive to small and medium size businesses (SMBs). To explore …

The Beast With Many Heads: Situational And Dispositional Differences In Physiological, Subjective, And Behavioral Responses To Social Rejection, Ellyn C. Maese

Psychology Theses, Dissertations, and Student Creative Activity

Threats to humans’ deep-rooted social needs are associated with strong physiological, emotional, and behavioral responses that are linked to systems for physical pain responses. Yet, prior research has also revealed inconsistencies in responses to social threats, which may be related to differences in situational or dispositional factors. In exploration of these potential explanations, the proposed research aims to investigate physiological, subjective, and behavioral responses to two distinct types of social threat experiences. This study will involve analyzing data collected from a sample of 127 students at a midwestern state university who participated in a laboratory experiment in which they faced …

The Hiv Care Continuum - A Quality Improvement Project To Reconnect With Hiv-Positive Patients Lost To Follow-Up Care, Kate Romero, Janet Lombardi, Carmen Demarco, Paul C. Johnson

Posters

• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): incurable illness transmitted through sex, blood, and trans placentally • Consistent management of HIV prevents progression to AIDS.
• 2013 study à HIV-positive patients who failed to attend their follow-up visit within 4-6 months of the prior visit were more likely to have virologic failure.
• Not much published on barriers to care, but one prior study found barriers shown in Figure 2 below – What are barriers to care faced by HIV-positive patients in Southeast Michigan?

Hiv Diagnosis And Linkage To Care In The Emergency Department, Gabrielle Rowlison, Christopher F. Carpenter

Posters

• It is estimated that 1.2 million people are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States, and that 14% of this population are unaware of their status.
• Approximately 40% of community transmissions happen between people who do not know they have HIV.
• Current CDC recommendations are that anyone seeking treatment for a sexually transmitted infection (STI) be routinely screened for HIV.
• The Emergency Department (ED) is an ideal place to test for HIV, especially in areas with underinsured populations and high rates of ED visits.
• The HIV testing rate in Corewell Health (CH) East’s ED was previously found …

The Impact Of Covid-19 On Adolescent Eating Disorders, Caroline Desler, Eberly Lewis, Jaime L. Taylor

Posters

Higher rates of eating disorders (EDs) were reported during COVID among adolescents,1 as well as other mental health disorders, such as anxiety and depression.

Lockdown measures created changes to daily routines and schooling that limited in-person social interactions, putting adolescents at greater risk of isolation and loneliness – both of which have been linked to increased risk of depression and anxiety,3 and impairments in normative adolescent development.

Taken together, this project aims to further explore the impact of the pandemic on adolescents with newly diagnosed EDs, specifically through a psychosocial lens. We investigate factors including family dynamics and psychiatric comorbidities.

An Apt Analogy?: Rethinking The Role Of Judicial Deference To The U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Post-Kisor, Amy Walker

Fordham Law Review

Since its inception in 1984, the U.S. Sentencing Commission (the “Commission”) has struggled to garner and maintain a sense of legitimacy among federal judges. The tension is both a story about competing expertise between judges and the Commission and competing values, namely uniformity and individuality. In 1993, the U.S. Supreme Court in Stinson v. United States prioritized uniformity by telling lower courts to treat the Commission as they would any other administrative agency. Lower courts—for the most part—faithfully executed this directive until 2019, when the Supreme Court in Kisor v. Wilkie gave them another option, one that seemed to leave …

Mate Guarding Against Strong Men Displaying Affiliative And Aggressive Humor, Jacob Pauley

Biological Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses

Mate retention behaviors serve to discourage partner defection from a current pairbond. Such behaviors are oftentimes more prevalent toward intrasexual rivals exhibiting physical and behavioral cues implicating that rival as an optimal mate. Among these features in men are their upper body strength, a feature diagnostic of heritable fitness, and men's ability to produce humor, a cue to their social competence. This study considered the intersection of these desirable features in shaping men's mate retention behavior toward an intrasexual rival. After learning of a hypothetical interloper exhibiting high or low upper body strength while similarly using humor in an affiliative …

Effect Of Progesterone On Cognition Among College Aged Women, Katelyn Helberg

Biological Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses

Women who have a reoccurring menstrual cycle and do not take hormonal birth control naturally experience changes in the amount of sex hormones that their body produces. These sex hormones help promote sexual development, fertility, and mood regulation, but can be hard to study due to their conflicting effects on each other. One such hormone, progesterone, is produced in different concentrations throughout the menstrual cycle to prepare the uterus for a potential pregnancy. However, it also may have secondhand effects on how well women can complete everyday tasks involving memory, attention, processing speed, and more which is what we measured …

A Meta-Analysis For Laboratory Diagnostics For Coccidioidomycosis, Mary C. Cowen

Biological Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses

Coccidioidomycosis, commonly referred to as Valley Fever, is a fungal infection found in arid regions of the southwestern United States and Mexico. Infection occurs through inhalation of airborne spores from Coccidioides species, Coccidioides immitis and/or Coccidioides posadasii, and proceeds in both pulmonary and disseminated fashions. Approximately 60% of patients with coccidioidomycosis remain asymptomatic, while 40% will experience symptoms. Within the literature, there are no papers that summarize sensitivity and specificity values between different tests; therefore, this paper presents sensitivity and specificity results across different tests and companies (Meridian, IMMY, and MiraVista).

The Effect Of Hormonal Contraceptive Use On Dominance And Prestige Tactics, Carson Chappell

Biological Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between hormonal contraceptives and prestige and dominance status-seeking tactics. Existing literature has examined how the hormones estrogen and progesterone, especially in relation to the fertile window of the menstrual cycle, are associated with prestige and dominance but has yet to look in depth at how hormonal contraceptives might alter this impact. The current study asked participants to complete a 22- item questionnaire assessing dominance and prestige. I hypothesized that women on hormonal contraceptives would have lower scores for prestige and dominance compared to women who are naturally cycling. The results did not …

Exploring Genomic Convergence For Adaptations To Freezing Environments In Polar Fish, Ethan Talley

Biological Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses

Convergent evolution provides valuable insights into how natural selection shapes species traits. Genomic analysis of lineages that display convergent traits has the potential to identify candidate genes for environmental adaptations across the scope of entire genomes. One remarkable example of convergent evolution is the independent development of antifreeze proteins (AFPs) in phylogenetically distant polar fish lineages. While AFPs themselves are relatively well studied, the full genomic context of adaptation to freezing conditions in these fish lineages remains largely unexplored. Leveraging the whole genome sequences previously assembled in our lab, along with other high-quality genomes available in GenBank, I examined the …

Filling The Bathymetric Gaps: Toward Quantifying And Characterizing Uncertainty In Interpolated Bathymetry, Elias Opeyemi Adediran

Master's Theses and Capstones

The oceans remain one of Earth's most enigmatic frontiers, with approximately 75% of the world's oceans still unmapped to modern standards. To overcome this, interpolation serves as the primary method for creating seamless coverage from incomplete coverage hydrographic data sets and is essential for creating a seamless digital bathymetric model (DBM) compiled from sparse bathymetric datasets and set-line spacing surveys. While methods for quantifying the uncertainty in depth measurements are well-researched, interpolation introduces unqualified depth uncertainties. This study aims to estimate and characterize these uncertainties which are essential to nautical charting, and navigational safety, and important in many other fields.Organized …

Exploring The Role Of Recreation In Rural Nh Youth's Engagement With Master Narratives, Katelyn A. Moscouver

Master's Theses and Capstones

Rural youth often feel compelled to leave their home communities to seek new opportunities, especially at the secondary-postsecondary educational transition. These decisions are driven in part by perceived developmental imperatives to leave rural hometowns given messages that success is best achieved elsewhere. The present study used the framework of identity master narratives to explore recreation's role in facilitating youth postsecondary planning in rural northeastern state of New Hampshire. The study extends and deepens prior research seeking to understand some of the structural-psychological factors connecting recreation involvement in adolescence, postsecondary decision making, and broader demographic patterns among the 15-19 and 20-24 …

Stable Isotopic Signatures From Methane Bubbles, Lake Sediments, And Plants: A Latitudinal Study Of Lake Sediment Methane And Organic Carbon, Theresa Reynolds

Master's Theses and Capstones

Stable isotopes of carbon can be measured in gases (methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2)) and in organic carbon material like sediments and plants. The stable carbon isotopic ratios in methane (δ13C-CH4) are used in atmospheric inversion models to determine ground sources and calculate the magnitude of emissions. δ13C-CH4 from natural ecosystems is influenced not only by microbial production and oxidation processes but also by the precursor organic matter’s isotopic ratios (plants and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC)). Lakes account for 9-24% of global methane emissions and emissions are expected to increase with climate change and warming temperatures. The δ13C-CH4 signatures …

The Microbial Diversity In The Spruce Hole Aquifer Associated With Artificial Recharge Practices, Rafaela Paes De Souza Barbosa

Master's Theses and Capstones

Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) Systems are utilized globally for underground water storage and subsequent retrieval, serving as a key water management strategy. In Durham, NH, an ASR system was established in the Spruce Hole formation to address various water supply needs, including meeting future demand, reducing treatment costs, and providing backup supply options. This system replenishes the aquifer using water from the Lamprey River. Given the importance of microbial communities in groundwater quality, understanding their composition is crucial. This study explores the microbial diversity in the Spruce Hole aquifer, comparing it to the surface water used for recharge and …

Uncovering Fragmented Information About Pfas Contamination In Private Wells And Its Role In Housing Market Response, Catherine Taylor

Master's Theses and Capstones

PFAS are emerging contaminants that continue to rise in their public and political saliency. Although causal health outcomes are still unclear, there is evidence that the widespread and widely used family of chemicals has been correlated with negative human health impacts. The state of New Hampshire was one of the first in the country to regulate PFAS, establishing a lower maximum contaminant limit (MCL) than the EPA at the federal level. As PFAS policy continues to develop at the federal and state levels, it is important to consider how New Hampshire residents perceive this issue. In particular, residents in Hillsborough, …

The Influence Of Lake Productivity On Methane Production And Ebullition From Temperate And Arctic Lake Sediments, Megan Wimsatt

Master's Theses and Capstones

Northern freshwater lakes (> 40°N) are an increasingly recognized major contributor of methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, to the atmosphere. Climate warming and eutrophication acceleration threaten to increase CH4 emissions from these lake ecosystems, particularly in littoral (shallow lake edge) zones where ebullition (bubbling) is often a dominant flux pathway. Few studies have investigated the impacts of lake productivity on limnological CH4 cycling for a range of trophic classes and provided a comparison between different latitudes. Here, we analyzed chlorophyll α (chlα; proxy for lake productivity), other water quality parameters, sediment CH4 production rates, and ebullition rates at nine …

Rethinking Jurisdictional Maximalism In The Wake Of Mallory, Sayer Paige

Fordham Law Review

Jurisdiction-by-registration is the idea that by virtue of registering to do business in a state, corporations prospectively consent to jurisdiction on claims made against them in that state. For decades, this concept has stagnated behind the minimum contacts analysis developed by International Shoe Co. v. Washington and its progeny. Among other reasons, plaintiffs and states were not sure whether jurisdiction-by-registration withstood the Due Process Clause. But as the U.S. Supreme Court continued to narrow the limits of contacts-based jurisdiction, plaintiffs returned to registration based jurisdiction to recapture corporate defendants. Courts largely rejected these assertions. Then, in Mallory v. Norfolk Southern …

Amendment 80 And The Effects On Arkansas Supreme Court Elections, Sydney Kincaid

Political Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

In 2001, Amendment 80 was implemented into the Arkansas Constitution. One part of this Amendment was changing statewide judicial elections from being partisan to nonpartisan. This research project seeks to analyze the impact of Amendment 80 on Arkansas Supreme Court elections. The research considers how three components of elections have been impacted by the Amendment which are diversity of candidates, level of competition, and voter turnout. Data collection was conducted for all Arkansas Supreme Court elections from 2002-2022. The information that was collected includes election records as well as descriptive characteristics of candidates including race, gender, raw vote, opposed versus …

Investigating The Relation Between Family Income And Barriers For Black Caregivers Of Autistic Children, Leah Gelfand

Psychological Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

Black caregivers and families of autistic youth experience racial barriers (e.g., racial microaggressions, stigma;) and practical barriers (e.g., cost of treatment, long waitlists), when seeking treatment and diagnostic services (Lovelace et al., 2018). The current study aimed to ascertain whether family income influenced the racial and practical barriers experienced by a sample of Black caregivers of autistic youth (N = 101). Overall and item-level analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between racial and practical barriers experienced across Lower (below 39,693; n=32), Lower-Middle ($39,693-$59,540; n=28), Middle-Upper ($59,540 to $119,080; n=21), and Upper income groups ($119,080 and …

Difference Between The Impact Of Active Social Media Use And Passive Social Media Use On Adolescent Mental Health: An Expanded Literature Review, Lydia Underwood

The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Undergraduate Honors Theses

Background: With the first generation of adolescents being raised with seemingly unlimited access to social media, there is a clear need for research to determine the long-term mental health effects of social media use. Social media use can be categorized into two main categories — active use and passive use. Active use refers to a user posting content and engaging in the media they are viewing. Contrastingly, passive use refers to a user consuming social media content, without engaging in it in ways such as liking or commenting. The aim of this extended literature review was to answer the …

Front Matter, North Carolina Journal Of Law & Technology

North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology

No abstract provided.

Mining For Answers: Decrypting The Securities Puzzle Of Cryptomining Hosting Contracts, Waleed Alkoor

North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology

No abstract provided.

A Noisy Debate: Should The Law Require The U.S. Census Bureau To Sacrifice Accuracy For Privacy?, Justin Giles

North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology

No abstract provided.

Fair Admissions, Fair Decisions, And Fair Outcomes: An Analysis Of Algorithmic Bias In Education, Employment, Healthcare, And Housing, Mclean Waters

North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology

No abstract provided.