Digital Commons Network^™

The Emerging Roles Of Ai In Self-Directed Stress Management: Systematic Review, Mary Kamillah Grace Reyes, Shauna Sha Min Teo, Andree Hartanto

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Background: Stress is widespread and carries substantial mental health, social, and economic burdens. Yet, access to clinician-led stress management remains constrained by service capacity, cost, and stigma. In response, artificial intelligence (AI)–enabled tools have rapidly proliferated as scalable, self-directed options. However, evidence on how these systems support stress management outside formal clinical settings remains fragmented. Objective: This systematic review aimed to synthesize empirical evidence on how AI-enabled technologies are used for self-directed stress management. We mapped the emerging functions of these tools, the psychological frameworks informing their design, the populations and settings studied, and the outcomes reported. Methods: We conducted …

Ai Fatigue In Human–Ai Interaction: Conceptual Framework, Scale Development And Validation, And Associations With Ai Engagement, Gabriel R. Lau, K. T. A. Sandeeshwara Kasturiratna, Adalia Y. H. Goh, Eddie M. W. Tong, Andree Hartanto

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Emerging from the accelerating pace of AI development, user fatigue arising from prolonged human–AI interaction has become an increasing concern in public discourse. This growing attention underscores the need to clarify why sustained engagement with AI systems can generate psychophysiological strain and how such exhaustion manifests in users. The present research develops a conceptual framework for AI fatigue and introduces the 15-item AI Fatigue Scale as a validated tool for examining its correlates. Across four studies with 717 participants, we generated and content-validated an item pool, identified and confirmed a four-factor (cognitive, emotional, physical, behavioural) higher-order model. The scale demonstrated …

Drone Urbanisms, Siew Ying Shee

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Across contemporary cities, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) particularly drones have emerged as critical instruments for sensing, visualizing, and reconfiguring the built environment. Yet, urban space is not merely a passive backdrop for drone activity; it both shapes and is reshaped by them. The central question for understanding drone urbanism, then, is not only what drones do, but how their deployment redistributes the agency to see, know, and intervene across human operators, infrastructures, and algorithms.This renegotiation of visibility, authority, and knowledge takes shape through the ways drones mediate the governance and experiential textures of the city. Departing from the distant totalities …

Engineering Immunity? Biotechnical Governance And The Experimental Failures Of Project Wolbachia In Singapore, Siew Ying Shee, Orlando Woods, Sayd Randle

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

This paper introduces the idea of ‘experimental failure’ to critically interrogate the limits of engineering biological systems for urban governance. Whilst experimentation through projects related to smart cities and eco-cities has garnered significant attention, biotechnical experiments––which manipulate living organisms through technology––remain underexplored. Unlike interventions leveraging non-living, inanimate systems, engineering life must contend with ecological ‘unruliness’ and social uncertainties. These complexities often resist straightforward quantification and exceed conventional evaluation frameworks, demanding a rethinking of what constitutes ‘success’ and ‘failure’ in such interventions. Drawing on ethnographic research with public health officers, pest management professionals and residents in Singapore, we analyse the government-led …

Calibrations And Compliance: The Role Of Motivations In Policy Instrument Design, Panchali Guha, Ishani Mukherjee

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Most research on the role of policy calibrations in fostering policy target compliance has focused on the calibration of incentives and deterrents; less attention has been paid to examining the deployment and calibration of a wider range of policy instruments with the intention of eliciting a greater degree of compliance from policy targets with heterogeneous motivations. This article addresses this gap in the literature by empirically testing multiple hypotheses on the relationship between the calibration of different kinds of policy instruments and policy compliance for policy targets characterized by different motivations. Using data from a vignette experiment set in the …

Dementia, Advance Directives, And Second-Order Volitions, Rand Hirmiz

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

This paper contributes to the ongoing debate over the authority of advance directives in cases where patients with dementia express desires that conflict with their earlier wishes. Drawing on Harry Frankfurt’s concept of second-order volitions, I argue that the preferences of the pre-dementia self (the “then-self”) should, in most cases, take precedence over those of the post-dementia self (the “now-self”) –  particularly in instances where the now-self has lost the capacity to form second-order volitions and is no longer able to meaningfully repudiate prior values and commitments.

Analytical And Cross-Sectional Clinical Validity Of A Smartphone-Based U-Turn Test In Multiple Sclerosis, Marta Plonka, Rafal Klimas, Dimitar Stanev, Lorenza Angelini, Natan Naplorkowski, Gaby Gonzalez Chan, Lisa Bunn, Paul Glazier, Richard Hosking, Jennifer Freeman, Jeremy Hobart, Mattia Zanon, Jonathan Marsden, Licinio Craveiro, Mike D. Rinderknecht

School of Health Professions

Background: Gait and balance impairment can profoundly impact people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Objectives: To evaluate the analytical and clinical validity of the U-Turn Test (UTT), a smartphone-based assessment of dynamic balance in PwMS. Methods: The GaitLab study (ISRCTN15993728) enrolled adult PwMS (EDSS 0.0 – 6.5). PwMS performed the UTT in a gait laboratory (supervised) using six smartphones at different wear locations and daily during a two-week remote period (unsupervised) using one smartphone (belt front). Median turn speed was computed per UTT. In the supervised setting, turn detection accuracy of smartphones was compared to motion capture (mocap) via F1 scores. …

Potential Recyclable Materials In Buildings: A Framework For Greenhouse Gas Emissions Assessment Of Residential Buildings In Singapore, Pradeep Alva, Riccardo Talami, Wanyu Pei, Goran Sibenik, Martin Mosteiro-Romero, Clayton Miller, Rudi Stouffs

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

As countries aim to reduce resource consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, Whole Life Carbon Assessment (WLCA) has become a vital method for quantifying embodied and operational GHG emissions. However, few studies have conducted WLCA on an urban scale, often addressing operational or embodied GHG emissions in isolation without considering their cumulative impact. This study introduces a city-wide WLCA framework to assess the potential recyclable materials of urban building stock, using Singapore as a case study with 5915 public residential buildings. Upfront GHG emissions are calculated from material intensity and building information, while operational emissions are based on energy use …

Grammar Expert: A University-Based Grammar Application To Support Grammar Learning And Writing Instruction, Ivy Chan, Yin Teng Chong

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

Technologies like web-based grammar applications have been integrated into classroom writing pedagogy to enhance students’ learning experiences. Drawing from qualitative findings from students’ interviews and reflection journals over one semester, this technology review focuses predominantly on university students’ perceptions towards an internally developed grammar application, Grammar Expert. Adopting the Technology Affordances and Constraints Theory (TACT) framework, the review identifies that GE’s affordances include promoting engagement in grammar learning, offering a flexible and encouraging environment, and ensuring real-world applicability, while its constraints involve aspects related to a limited user interface. Subsequently, the authors will present their pedagogical narrative on integrating this …

Scaling Up Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning For Large Agent Teams And Long-Horizon Tasks: A Survey, Minghong Geng, Shubham Pateria, Budhitama Subagdja, Ah-Hwee Tan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) empowers multiple autonomous agents to acquire effective policies for collaborative problem-solving. Over the last decade, MARL has seen significant advancements, with numerous algorithms achieving impressive performance across various benchmarks and real-world applications. Nevertheless, the scalability of multi-agent systems, in terms of the number of agents and the length of the task horizon, remains a critical consideration for applying MARL methods to complex problem-solving. Given that a dedicated review of the existing approaches and challenges in scaling up multi-agent systems remains largely absent, this survey aims to bridge this gap by delivering a comprehensive review of MARL …

Rapid Antidepressant Potential Of Nitrous Oxide: Current State And Major Questions, Charles F Zorumski, Joseph Cichon, Yukitoshi Izumi, Thomas Zeffiro, Steven Mennerick, Peter Nagele, Charles R Conway

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The success of ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic and non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, as a rapidly acting antidepressant has ignited efforts to identify other novel depression treatments. In recent years, several clinical trials indicated that nitrous oxide (N

Chronic Conditions And Mortality In Medicare Beneficiaries Before And After The Covid-19 Pandemic, R J Waken, Fengxian Wang, Jose F Figueroa, Rishi K Wadhera, Khavya Avula, E John Orav, Anne Mobley Butler, Karen E Joynt Maddox

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: There were well-documented changes in health care use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Little is known about whether there were any associated decreases in claims-based comorbidity ascertainment that might have relevance to health services and policy research.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify differences in claims-based comorbidity assessment in Medicare beneficiaries pre- vs post-COVID-19.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 30 Chronic Conditions Warehouse 1- or 2-year lookback claims algorithms to ascertain each comorbidity with exact date ranges for all fee-for-service (FFS) and Medicare Advantage (MA) beneficiaries. Data were analyzed from April 2025 to April 2026.

EXPOSURES: The …

Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes And Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease Among An Urban Cohort In Haiti, Wheytnie Alexandre, Anju Ogyu, Rodney Sufra, Kelly Celestin, Reichling St Sauveur, Catherine Bennett, Lily D Yan, Vanessa Rouzier, Zainab Mahmoud, Laura C Alonso, Monika M Safford, Margaret L Mcnairy

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) have been linked with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in high-income countries, but evidence from low-income countries like Haiti is limited.

OBJECTIVES: The authors investigated the cross-sectional association between APO and prevalent CVD using the Haiti CVD Cohort.

METHODS: This analysis included all female participants who completed a reproductive health questionnaire at their annual visit, which captured detailed pregnancy history. We analyzed the relationship between APO and prevalent CVD (defined as heart failure, myocardial infarction, or stroke, as a composite outcome and separately) on enrollment using Poisson regression models, adjusted for traditional risk factors.

RESULTS: This analysis …

Alcohol Consumption And Molecular Subtypes Of Colorectal Cancer: Pooled Observational And Mendelian Randomization Analyses, Christos V Chalitsios, Yin Cao, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Alcohol consumption is associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, yet its association with distinct molecular subtypes remains unclear. Clarifying this could reveal insights into alcohol's carcinogenic mechanisms.

OBJECTIVES: We examined the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of CRC subtypes defined by individual tumor markers (and marker combinations), namely microsatellite instability (MSI) status, CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) status, BRAF, and KRAS mutations.

METHODS: Pooled observational (n

RESULTS: Among drinkers, each additional 14 g/d of alcohol was associated with a 10% higher CRC risk [odds ratio (OR) = 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07, 1.13], but this association …

Technical Trends In Management Of Acl Reconstructions In 2025: A Major League Soccer Team Physicians Survey, Matthew Varano, Henry Eilen, Catherine Hand, Camden Bohn, Yining Lu, Rachel Frank, Danyal Nawabi, Robert Brophy, Bert Mandelbaum, Brian Forsythe

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The optimal graft choice for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) remains a subject of ongoing debate. In practice, graft selection in ACLR is multifactorial, with patient characteristics, activity level, and surgeon preference/training background all playing a crucial role in the clinical decision-making process. While graft trends have been reported across select professional sports leagues, none have focused specifically on professional soccer.

PURPOSE: To report current trends in graft preference for ACLR among Major League Soccer (MLS) surgeons.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.

METHODS: A 39-question survey was distributed to 27 orthopaedic surgeons affiliated with MLS teams in January 2025. The …

Spatial Transcriptomic Profiling Of Decalcified Murine Musculoskeletal Samples Via Xenium Prime 5k, Lindsey Lammlin, Huong X Tran, Aanya Mohan, Michael D Newton, Scarlet C Howser, Stephen J Redding, Christina A Capobianco, Kurt D Hankenson, Alexander J Knights, Tristan Maerz

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Successful generation of high-quality spatial transcriptomics data from murine musculoskeletal tissues has been impeded by the challenge of preserving RNA integrity through the harsh tissue processing steps required for histological sectioning. In particular, the need to thoroughly fix and decalcify mineralized tissues has proven problematic. We detail a comprehensive sample processing pipeline for 3 common murine musculoskeletal tissue samples, enabling high-quality transcript detection via imaging-based spatial transcriptomics using the Xenium Prime 5K platform from 10x Genomics. Our protocol outlines methodological details for transcardiac perfusion, fixation, decalcification, paraffin processing, and a sample co-embedding strategy facilitating anatomically consistent and simultaneous sectioning of …

On The Right To Obscurity, Woodrow Hartzog, Evan Selinger

Faculty Scholarship

Tragically, U.S. privacy law has neglected to address a significant dimension of privacy. While lawmakers and judges have routinely recognized intrusions into our secluded spaces and breaches of our confidentiality and secrecy, they have largely failed to protect our most common yet also our most underappreciated form of privacy: the practical obscurity that allows us to live freely and with dignity. Obscurity, which is the state of protection that arises when personal information is difficult for some people to obtain or correctly interpret, serves several vital interests: (1) it safeguards our ability to express ourselves without fear that everything we …

The Corporate Restructuring Machine: Introducing An Open Platform Approach To Workouts, Horst Eidenmüller, Jared Mayer

Articles

Out-of-court corporate reorganizations, or “corporate workouts,” allow dispersed investors with differing interests to coalesce and strike deals to successfully reorganize distressed companies. Corporate workouts, however, suffer from a host of well-known problems, creating “process fragility.” Current bargaining dynamics limit the instances in which corporate workouts can be used, narrow the kinds of deals that can be made, and invite opportunistic and other socially costly behavior. Yet the Artificial Intelligence (AI) revolution is here; how can it help parties navigate corporate workouts?

In this Article, we argue that AI is well situated to help increase the efficiency of corporate workouts. Based …

Evaluating Species At Risk In Data-Limited Fisheries: A Productivity–Susceptibility Analysis For Marine Aquarium Fish, Gabrielle A. Baillargeon, Alice A. Wynn, Jemelyn Grace P. Baldisimo, Michael F. Tlusty, Andrew L. Rhyne

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

The marine aquarium trade (MAT) is a significant global industry harvesting millions of wild-caught, live coral reef fishes for public and private aquaria markets in the United States and Europe annually, while supporting fisher livelihoods in the Indo-Pacific. This diverse and species-rich trade is considered data-limited, creating barriers to quantifying the current and future socio-ecological sustainability of the fishery. We present a revised and expanded productivity–susceptibility analysis (PSA) that serves as a holistic risk assessment to estimate the vulnerability of marine aquarium fish to overfishing. Our global analysis includes 306 species that are actively in trade. Improvements to the PSA …

Artelon Graft Augmentation In Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Surgical Technique Guide., Taylor Manes, Morgan Turnow, Trent Davis, Anthony Perugini, Michael Anderson, Benjamin Taylor

Surgery Articles

INTRODUCTION: Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) procedures are becoming more prevalent. Variable grafts for ACL reconstruction are available, including autograft, allograft, and synthetic graft options. Various augmentation techniques are also available and typically consist of synthetic material such as Artelon graft. This type of synthetic material has been used and shown to produce safe and reliable augmentation in ligament injuries. The purpose of this study was to describe our unique revision ACL reconstruction technique utilizing Artelon graft augmentation and report our short-term results.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients undergoing revision ACL reconstruction with Artelon graft augmentation, a Flexband …

Weeding Out The Rotten Apples: A Third-Party Certification Regime And Strengthened Ftc Authority, Aaron M. Dubin-Ramos

Cardozo Law Review

he rise in greenwashing, a business practice that misleads consumers and investors about one’s environmental performance, has sparked debate regarding the best avenue for mitigating such a phenomenon. Common proposals include private lawsuits, the Federal Trade Commission’s Green Guides, the Securities and Exchange Commission’s antifraud regime under Rule 10b-5 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, state frameworks, or the International Social and Environmental Accreditation and Labelling Alliance. However, each response presents flaws, such as a potential rise in greenhushing, nonbinding guidance, narrow applicability to greenwashing claims, alignment with the anti-Environmental, Social, and Governance political movement, and buy-in issues. This …

Spying The Lie: Insider Threat Prevention In National Security, Jazma M. Parker

Journal of Strategic Security

Insider threats pose significant risks to critical assets within the United States. The US intelligence community has already experienced the consequences of insider compromise, such as the unauthorized release of classified material to WikiLeaks and foreign adversaries. Traditional mitigation strategies have struggled to keep pace with the evolving threat landscape. This article recommends updated interventions to detect and prevent insider threats within the Department of Defense and the Intelligence Community. A review of current research and best practices reveals three targeted strategies. First, organizations must prioritize the detection and reporting of anomalous behaviors that often precede insider incidents. Achieving this …

Escalation By Algorithm, Restraint By Architecture: Pakistan’S Military Ai Divergence, Sajjad Ahmed, Ahmad Nizar Yaakub, Asma Javed

Journal of Strategic Security

Debates on military artificial intelligence (AI) remain skewed toward great power dynamics, oscillating between techno-optimist celebrations of speed and techno-pessimist warnings of collapse. This binary overlooks how middle powers, operating under nuclearized rivalry and asymmetric sanction risk, embed restraint into organizational and technical practice. This article develops Systems Restrained Realism (SRR), a framework that extends defensive realism into the machine age by theorizing restraint as a deliberate doctrinal posture rather than a symptom of incapacity. Using Pakistan as a critical case, the study draws on expert interviews, procurement manuals, and UN submissions to demonstrate how restraint is operationalized through latency …

Youtube As A Tool For Digital Diplomacy And Strategic Security: A Comparative Analysis Of Russia And Kazakhstan, Bekzat Baktybekovna Baktybekova, Elmira Kagazbaeva, Botagoz Ali

Journal of Strategic Security

In the context of growing competition in the information space, digital diplomacy is gaining key importance for the strategic security of states. This study analyzes how Russia and Kazakhstan use the YouTube platform to promote their foreign policy narratives, shape the image of the state, and strengthen digital sovereignty. Based on a qualitative analysis of 60 videos (30 for each country) published by official government channels between 2020 and 2024, differences in strategies, visual codes, tonality, and patterns of interaction with the audience were identified. The Russian approach is characterized by an aggressive narrative, antagonism to Western structures, and a …

Classified Information Management In Kosovo: Lessons From Nato, The European Union, And The Western Balkans, Bahri Gashi, Ngadhnjim Brovina, Arian Kadriu

Journal of Strategic Security

This study examines the legal framework for the protection of classified information in Kosovo, focusing on the role of the Agency for the Protection of Classified Information (APCI). The selection of APCI as the focal institution stems from its central role in implementing Kosovo’s legal and institutional framework for classified information, following the country’s efforts to align with Euro-Atlantic standards. In a newly established state like Kosovo, protecting sensitive information is crucial for national security. The study compares Kosovo’s model with those of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the European Union (EU), and Western Balkan countries, highlighting its alignment …

The Role Of Special Services In Providing National Information Security, Volodymyr Artemov, Alexander Rusnak, Viktor Trepak, Grygorii Ostafiichuk, Alexandr Kalinin

Journal of Strategic Security

The growing dependence of states on digital infrastructures has elevated national information security to a matter of strategic importance. This study examines the role of special services (intelligence agencies) in protecting against cyber threats, focusing on their legal, operational, and technological functions. Using a combination of comparative legal analysis, case law review, expert surveys, and statistical modelling across 20 countries, the research highlights both strengths and limitations of current approaches. The findings demonstrate that states with clear and specific legislation on intelligence and cybersecurity achieve a 26% higher rate of preventive success than those with ambiguous frameworks. Strong judicial oversight …

Public-Private Cooperation In European Cybersecurity, Andreea Nicoleta Dragomir, Daiana Maura Vesmaș

Journal of Strategic Security

This article critically examines if the public–private partnerships (PPPs) help the European Union strengthen its cyber resilience, a challenge that is now closely tied to the Union’s broader strategic security goals. The discussion does not rely on one single angle. It moves back and forth between the legal side—looking at instruments such as the Network and Information Systems 2 (NIS2) Directive, the Cybersecurity Act, the proposed Cyber Resilience Act, and the Cyber Solidarity Act—and the lessons that come from practice. Examples include the dismantling of Operation Avalanche, the experience of the European Cyber Security Challenge, and the information-sharing efforts of …

Analysis Of Security Concerns In India-Central Asia Relations, Anmol Mukhia, Anurag Tripathi, Sanjeev Kumar Tiwari

Journal of Strategic Security

India-Central Asia relations have gained strategic significance driven by its historical ties, growing economic interests, and, most importantly, evolving security dynamics. This article deals with multifaceted security concerns such as drug trafficking, terrorism, radicalization, and the implications of instability in Afghanistan. The findings show that security concerns in the region, particularly in Afghanistan and Pakistan, constitute a significant obstacle, alongside geographical challenges, to India’s connectivity with the Central Asian Republics (CARS). India’s rising aspiration to increase connectivity and build closer ties with the region in energy, trade, and commerce heavily relies on a peaceful, prosperous, and stable Central and South …

Shadow Logistics: Military Vulnerability Through Civilian Dependence, Gilles A. Paché

Journal of Strategic Security

The rapid evolution of civilian-origin technologies repurposed for defense is reshaping the foundations of logistical advantage and altering the conditions under which armed forces operate. Modern missions rely on an extensive ecosystem of infrastructures—port terminals, cloud services, data platforms, and civilian contractors—whose reliability frequently lies beyond the authority of public institutions. This environment gives rise to shadow logistics, a network of civilian systems largely absent from conventional doctrine yet capable of producing significant operational disruptions when failures occur. Case studies show that some dark assets, whether physical or informational, can act as multipliers of effectiveness while simultaneously creating systemic vulnerabilities …

Chokepoints: American Power In The Age Of Economic Warfare. By Edward Fishman. Portfolio Penguin, 2025., Mark T. Peters Ii

Journal of Strategic Security

No abstract provided.