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Interesting Intersections Of Immigration And First Amendment Law, David L. Hudson Jr., Maximiliano Gluzman Apr 2025

Interesting Intersections Of Immigration And First Amendment Law, David L. Hudson Jr., Maximiliano Gluzman

Law Faculty Scholarship

This article examines the complex and evolving intersections between immigration law and the First Amendment, identifying four doctrinal areas in which free speech claims arise prominently. First, it analyzes historical and contemporary grounds of inadmissibility and deportability based on speech, including ideological exclusions targeting anarchists and communists, and considers the continuing influence of the plenary power doctrine. Second, it explores retaliatory deportation claims, in which noncitizens allege that removal proceedings were initiated or accelerated in response to protected political advocacy, highlighting the chilling effects such actions may impose on core political speech. Third, the article evaluates constitutional challenges to federal …


Lincolnville Old Jail, Frank Ordia, Craig Bennett, Amalia Leifeste, Jessica Ridder, Samantha Threlkeld, Jessica Stech, Alexandra Ullman, Ashton Steele, Summer Henry, Belle Ziethen, Hamzah Jule, Lorena Garrod, Zenic Rice, Jackson Dent, Thompson Teasdale, Thomas A. Darrah Apr 2025

Lincolnville Old Jail, Frank Ordia, Craig Bennett, Amalia Leifeste, Jessica Ridder, Samantha Threlkeld, Jessica Stech, Alexandra Ullman, Ashton Steele, Summer Henry, Belle Ziethen, Hamzah Jule, Lorena Garrod, Zenic Rice, Jackson Dent, Thompson Teasdale, Thomas A. Darrah

Master of Science degree in Historic Preservation - Research Reports

The following report provides documentation of the Lincolnville Old Jail, located at 135 W Smith Street in the town of Lincolnville, South Carolina. It was completed by the students of Clemson University’s Graduate Program in Historic Preservation during their Preservation Studio class, led by professors Amalia Leifeste and Frank Ordia, along with Teaching Assistants Hannah Truman and Jessica Ridder, provided additional support in the generation of the final report.

In the months of January and February of 2025, students completed a set of drawings of the old jail to Historical American Building Survey (HABS) standards, supplemented by historical research, and …


Area Character Appraisal Red Top, Preservation Project Apr 2025

Area Character Appraisal Red Top, Preservation Project

Master of Science degree in Historic Preservation - Research Reports

This Area Character Appraisal (ACA) has been prepared by four Clemson Master of Science in Historic Preservation students – Lorena Garrod, Hamzah Jule, Thompson Teasdale, and Belle Ziethen – under the direction of Erin Mehard and Lucas Hernandez of Weston & Sampson for the larger Gullah Geechee Heritage Preservation Project. Students received further guidance from Clemson professors Frank Ordia and Amalia Leifeste and from Red Top community representative Dr. Melody Dover, all of whom contributed to the findings of this report.


Area Character Appraisal Hamlin Beach, Preservation Project Apr 2025

Area Character Appraisal Hamlin Beach, Preservation Project

Master of Science degree in Historic Preservation - Research Reports

An Area Character Appraisal (ACA) is a tool in identifying key elements that define a community’s character with the goals of informing community members and future generations, community outreach, and perhaps most importantly guiding future development practices to preserve the character of the community. These documented elements include architectural character, typical lot sizes and coverage, building footprints, county zoning, and flood risk zones. This document can be used as a reference in future community planning for Charleston County, community representatives, and nonprofit organizations.

This ACA is part of a larger set of ACAs conducted under the supervision of Erin Mehard …


Area Character Appraisal Lincolnville, Preservation Project Apr 2025

Area Character Appraisal Lincolnville, Preservation Project

Master of Science degree in Historic Preservation - Research Reports

The Gullah Geechee Heritage Preservation Project is a multi-jurisdictional collaboration to support the documentation, recognition, and preservation of historic Gullah Geechee African American Ancestral Communities and their significant historic and cultural sites. Clemson MSHP students along with the help of Dr. Pernessa Seele began research by collecting prior studies, historical maps, and photographs of Lincolnville. Students also obtained copies of prepared National Register nominations. They researched local archives, including the South Carolina Room at the Charleston County Public Library, Historic Charleston Foundation Archives, the South Carolina Historical Society, and the Charleston Library Society.


The "Green Gals" Podcast And Website, Courtney Perkins Apr 2025

The "Green Gals" Podcast And Website, Courtney Perkins

College of Journalism and Mass Communications: Professional Projects

This is a series of three podcast episodes under the series name "Green Gals" with a companion website of the same name. Each episode focuses on a different aspect of sustainable living with the goal of providing valuable tools, tips and information that everyday people can use to integrate sustainability into their everyday lives. The episodes ("Reduce, Reuse... Recycle?"; "Food Waste" and "Composting 101") are hosted by myself and a co-host, discussing the topic along with pre-recorded interviews which I conducted with experts in the field. The material is presented in a casual, engaging manner, employing music intros, transitions and …


Ethical Ai Use And Classroom Integration Training Modules, Daniel Boudon Apr 2025

Ethical Ai Use And Classroom Integration Training Modules, Daniel Boudon

Open Educational Resources

This project focuses on developing comprehensive training modules to equip students and faculty with the knowledge and skills necessary to ethically and effectively use AI tools in academic settings. The training consists of interconnected modules that cover a wide range of topics, including the ethical use of AI, evaluating AI-generated content, integrating AI tools into curriculum design, and creating AI-enhanced classroom activities. Additional modules emphasize fostering digital literacy, staying updated with AI advancements, and collaborating on best practices for AI in education.

Designed for flexibility, the modules cater to diverse academic disciplines, making them suitable for undergraduate and graduate courses, …


Textual Transformations: An Introduction To Ai For Composition 101, J. Elizabeth Clark Apr 2025

Textual Transformations: An Introduction To Ai For Composition 101, J. Elizabeth Clark

Open Educational Resources

This curriculum unit is a critical literacy unit about AI designed for first-year writing. The introductory composition course prepares students for academic writing with a heavy emphasis on writing-as-process, critical reading, gathering information, inquiry-based writing, and taking research notes. This curriculum unit pairs the writing portion of the course with an AI critical literacy framework for students.

This is a 20-hour, 9 lesson unit designed for an introductory composition course:

  • Prepwork: Preliminary Assessment and AI Policies

  • Lesson 1: What is AI?

  • Lesson 2: The History of AI

  • Lesson 3: How Does AI Work?

  • Lesson 4: AI in Action

  • Lesson 5: …


Brain Candy: Wayne State University School Of Medicine Journal Of Arts And Culture, 12th Edition, Wayne State University School Of Medicine Gold Humanism Honor Society Apr 2025

Brain Candy: Wayne State University School Of Medicine Journal Of Arts And Culture, 12th Edition, Wayne State University School Of Medicine Gold Humanism Honor Society

Gold Humanism Honor Society

Brain Candy incorporates paintings, written pieces, and poetry from all the medical classes at Wayne State University School of Medicine to shed light on the creative process in medicine, the city of Detroit, and the experiences of health care providers. This year, the journal is organized into four sections, each of which denotes a particular time period within medical school. The first edition of Brain Candy was published online and in print in 2009, produced by a generous grant by the Gold Humanism Honor Society (GHHS). The edition featured poetry, nonfiction, short fiction, and different types of artwork. With generous …


Framework For Integrating Industry Knowledge Into A Large Language Model To Assist Construction Cost Estimation, Prashnna Ghimire Apr 2025

Framework For Integrating Industry Knowledge Into A Large Language Model To Assist Construction Cost Estimation, Prashnna Ghimire

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

The construction industry generates a large amount of data across projects produced by digital devices, tools, and methods, and this volume is rapidly increasing. However, the industry lags behind in adopting data-driven technologies. On the other hand, the rapid advancement of generative AI (GenAI) in recent years, especially state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs), shows great potential and has been increasingly adopted in many industries; however, the construction industry is behind in adoption. While academic studies have proposed various machine learning applications for construction, industry implementation has lagged due to a disconnect between these proof-of-concept developments and practical industry needs. Also, …


Balance Of Psychological Needs Among University Aural Skills Students, Elizabeth Ann Johnson Apr 2025

Balance Of Psychological Needs Among University Aural Skills Students, Elizabeth Ann Johnson

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

This mixed methods study examined student experiences, perceptions, and motivations in traditional, tertiary aural skills courses. Results from an initial qualitative, instrumental case study led to the development of a four-phase, exploratory sequential design guided by Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Cognitive Evaluation Theory (CET). Qualitative findings revealed student insights into experiences with course attributes, a need for connection to material and the classroom community, and a desire for an improved aural skills course experience. Quantitative follow up examined student perceptions of the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of the basic psychological needs SDT and CET propose are necessary for student motivation and …


Broadening The Evidentiary Basis For Clinical Practice Guidelines: Recommendations From Qualitative Psychotherapy Researchers, Heidi M. Levitt, Andreas Hamburger, Clara E. Hill, John Mccleod, Antonio Pascual-Leone, Ladislav Timulak, Michael B. Buchholz, Joerg Frommer, Jairo Fuertes, Iwakabe Shigeru, Claudio Martínez, Zenobia Morrill, Sarah Knox, Phil Langer, Christopher J. Muran, Hanne Oddli, Tomáš Řiháček, Alemka Tomicic, Rivka Tuval-Mashiach Apr 2025

Broadening The Evidentiary Basis For Clinical Practice Guidelines: Recommendations From Qualitative Psychotherapy Researchers, Heidi M. Levitt, Andreas Hamburger, Clara E. Hill, John Mccleod, Antonio Pascual-Leone, Ladislav Timulak, Michael B. Buchholz, Joerg Frommer, Jairo Fuertes, Iwakabe Shigeru, Claudio Martínez, Zenobia Morrill, Sarah Knox, Phil Langer, Christopher J. Muran, Hanne Oddli, Tomáš Řiháček, Alemka Tomicic, Rivka Tuval-Mashiach

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

To improve the provision of psychotherapy, many countries have now established clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of specific disorders and mental health concerns. These guidelines have typically been based on evidence from meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials with minimal consideration of findings from qualitative research designs. This said, there has been growing interest in incorporating qualitative research in guideline development processes from both stakeholders and guideline development bodies. In this international collaboration, 19 qualitative psychotherapy researchers from 10 countries articulated the benefits of including qualitative findings within the guideline development process and generated recommendations for guideline developers. The underlying …


Do Bank Ceos Learn From Crisis Experiences?, Gloria Yang Yu Apr 2025

Do Bank Ceos Learn From Crisis Experiences?, Gloria Yang Yu

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Does the early-career exposure of bank CEOs to the 1980s savings and loans (S&L) crisis affect the outcomes of banks they subsequently managed? We measure the S&L crisis exposure by the bank failure rate in the states where CEOs worked during the S&L crisis. Armed with this measure, we find that banks managed by CEOs with higher S&L crisis exposure took on less risk and that these banks better survived the financial crisis of 2008. In particular, CEOs adjusted risk attitudes in areas causing the S&L crisis: their more intense crisis experience reduced banks’ interest rate risk, exposure to risky …


Transnational Accountability For Space Debris As A Precursor To Maintaining Peace In Outer Space, Bella Alonzo Apr 2025

Transnational Accountability For Space Debris As A Precursor To Maintaining Peace In Outer Space, Bella Alonzo

The International Law Review Association Student Forum

Beginning with the Space Age in the 1950s, space exploration has accelerated exponentially as humans on Earth are continuously drawn to the mystery and opportunity that lies in outer space. The United States (“U.S.”) and the Soviet Union led the charge in space discovery throughout the “Space Race,” and once other countries saw the value in developing the technology to utilize space as a resource, multiple nations followed suit. While the U.S. and Russia retain the most dominant presence in outer space, other global superpowers like China, India, and Japan have exhibited competitive capabilities.


The Intersection Of Cultural Rights And The Repatriation Of African Art: A Comparative Analysis Of International And North American Legal And Ethical Frameworks, Kennedy Wilson Apr 2025

The Intersection Of Cultural Rights And The Repatriation Of African Art: A Comparative Analysis Of International And North American Legal And Ethical Frameworks, Kennedy Wilson

The International Law Review Association Student Forum

The debate surrounding the repatriation of African and Indigenous art held in global museums is a complex and multifaceted issue that demands an examination of its historical, legal, and ethical dimensions. Emmanuel Macron's 2018 statement in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, encapsulates the core of this debate: “I cannot accept that a large part of the cultural heritage of several African countries is in France,” he declared. “There are historical explanations for this but there is no valid, lasting and unconditional justification. African heritage cannot be only in private collections and European museums.” This sentiment perfectly captures the profound unease surrounding the …


From Hanging To Nitrogen Hypoxia: The Evolution Of Execution And The Case For American Abolition, Anna Kuhlman Apr 2025

From Hanging To Nitrogen Hypoxia: The Evolution Of Execution And The Case For American Abolition, Anna Kuhlman

The International Law Review Association Student Forum

The death penalty has been a dark fixture in societal punishment for most of human history. It has allowed for grisly, violent executions of people found guilty of misconduct relative to the culture they live in. “The first established death penalty laws date as far back as the Eighteenth Century BCE in the Code of King Hammurabi of Babylon, which codified the death penalty for 25 different crimes.” The first death sentence on record was a member of nobility in 16th-century BCE Egypt, where the wrongdoer was accused of magic and ordered to commit suicide. In the seventh century B.C.E., …


Comparison Of Six Handheld Ultrasound Devices By Pediatric Point Of Care Ultrasound (Pocus) Experts, Stephanie K Leung, Ria Dancel, Riya N Soni, Ariadna Perez-Sanchez, Michael J Mader, Haitham Al-Wahab, Thomas W Conlon, Maria V Fraga, Javier J Lasa, Andrea Matho, Hannah Smith, Nilam J Soni Apr 2025

Comparison Of Six Handheld Ultrasound Devices By Pediatric Point Of Care Ultrasound (Pocus) Experts, Stephanie K Leung, Ria Dancel, Riya N Soni, Ariadna Perez-Sanchez, Michael J Mader, Haitham Al-Wahab, Thomas W Conlon, Maria V Fraga, Javier J Lasa, Andrea Matho, Hannah Smith, Nilam J Soni

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) use is increasing among pediatric clinicians, but lack of access to ultrasound devices is a major barrier. The availability of pocket-sized handheld ultrasound devices ("handhelds") has improved access. However, no head-to-head comparative studies of handhelds in children have been performed to guide purchasing decisions.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study compared six handhelds: Butterfly iQ+™ (Butterfly Network Inc.), Clarius® (Clarius Mobile Health™), Kosmos™(EchoNous), TE Air™ (Mindray®), Vscan Air™ SL (General Electric), and Lumify™ (Philips Healthcare). Eight pediatric POCUS experts acquired views showing the abdominal right upper quadrant (RUQ), cardiac apical 4-chamber, and superficial neck and lung …


Immunization Week: Faculty, Staff, And Student Publications, Alice Sherwood Apr 2025

Immunization Week: Faculty, Staff, And Student Publications, Alice Sherwood

TMC Library Newsletter (2015-)

World Immunization Week, celebrated in the last week of April, highlights the collective action needed and to promote the use of vaccines to protect people of all ages against disease. This year, it takes place from April 24-30, 2025. The goal of World Immunization Week is for more individuals and communities are protected from vaccine-preventable diseases.

To explore some of this research, check out a selection of publications from the past three years in Digital Commons@TMC.


Evaluating The Human Abuse Potential Of Concurrent Use Of Electronic Cigarettes And Low Nicotine Cigarettes Among Adults Who Smoke, Jason D Robinson, Yong Cui, George Kypriotakis, Jeffrey M Engelmann, Maher Karam-Hage, Jennifer A Minnix, Charles E Green, Sanjay Shete, Dorothy K Hatsukami, Eric C Donny, Sharon E Murphy, Stephen S Hecht, Thomas Eissenberg, David W Wetter, Paul M Cinciripini Apr 2025

Evaluating The Human Abuse Potential Of Concurrent Use Of Electronic Cigarettes And Low Nicotine Cigarettes Among Adults Who Smoke, Jason D Robinson, Yong Cui, George Kypriotakis, Jeffrey M Engelmann, Maher Karam-Hage, Jennifer A Minnix, Charles E Green, Sanjay Shete, Dorothy K Hatsukami, Eric C Donny, Sharon E Murphy, Stephen S Hecht, Thomas Eissenberg, David W Wetter, Paul M Cinciripini

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has stated its intention to reduce the nicotine content of combustible cigarettes to render them less addictive. This study evaluated the impact of providing adults who smoke with both very low nicotine content cigarettes (VLNCCs) and electronic cigarettes (ECs) of varying nicotine content on measures of human abuse potential. Participants (


Reimagining The Potential Of Higher Education In Prison And Reentry, Darren Wheelock, Theresa Tobin, Robert Smith Apr 2025

Reimagining The Potential Of Higher Education In Prison And Reentry, Darren Wheelock, Theresa Tobin, Robert Smith

Social and Cultural Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.


The Future Of Sanctuary, Lloyd D. Barba, Sergio M. González Apr 2025

The Future Of Sanctuary, Lloyd D. Barba, Sergio M. González

History Faculty Research and Publications

In the summer of 1984, a caravan of vehicles full of religious activists sped across the United States. Moving from Tucson to Los Angeles to Denver and finally ending in Detroit, this self-styled "Sanctuary Freedom Train" was transporting a Salvadoran family of four that had fled their war-torn country and arrived in the United States seeking political asylum. Raul and Valeria Gonzalez had escaped with their two children after Raul, a teacher, had been arrested and beaten by government soldiers and threatened with worse if he were to continue his literacy work among the country's poor. The Gonzalez family found …


A Proposed Approach To Relay-Base Station Link Design For 5g Radio Access Network, Razhan Q. Ali, Jalal J Apr 2025

A Proposed Approach To Relay-Base Station Link Design For 5g Radio Access Network, Razhan Q. Ali, Jalal J

Iraqi Journal of Computers, Communications, Control and Systems Engineering

The fast expansion of 5G technology requires new innovative approaches to resolve challenges with extensive signal degradation and constrained coverage extent as well as interference in high-frequency bands. The proposed research designs a 5G Radio Access Network (RAN) station link using relay stations that combine Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) and Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) technological frameworks. The proposed system uses a mesh architectural network with 32 fiber-connected relay stations to enable efficient, scalable data transfer as an alternative to conventional star configurations. An OptiSystem simulation demonstrates that signal integrity enhancement occurs through the establishment of a bidirectional transmission medium that combines …


Embedding A Robust Secret Data Using Image Steganography With Segmentation And Zigzag, Zainab A. Yakoob Apr 2025

Embedding A Robust Secret Data Using Image Steganography With Segmentation And Zigzag, Zainab A. Yakoob

Iraqi Journal of Computers, Communications, Control and Systems Engineering

Data breaches, illegal access, and private property theft are becoming increasingly common in today's digital era, making security and information hiding essential sensitive information not protected by traditional security methods. An attractive option is region-based segmentation techniques, which split images into discrete areas for specific data embedding. By making the entire image less susceptible to attacks. Each segmented zone is given a zigzag pattern to further boost robustness. Because of the extra complexity this adds, it becomes harder for attackers to find the hidden data. Least Significant Bit (LSB) steganography is then used to reduce visual distortion by altering the …


Hiding Secret Message Into Gray Image Using 2-Bit Plan Slicing, Zahraa Abbas Al-Zubaydi, Layth Kamil, Israa Ali Al-Neami, Maisa'a Abid Ali Khodher Apr 2025

Hiding Secret Message Into Gray Image Using 2-Bit Plan Slicing, Zahraa Abbas Al-Zubaydi, Layth Kamil, Israa Ali Al-Neami, Maisa'a Abid Ali Khodher

Iraqi Journal of Computers, Communications, Control and Systems Engineering

The comprehensive utilization of the Internet has grown significant and widespread in contemporary times. Thus, the necessity for a robust method to facilitate the secure dissemination of data has emerged as a significant barrier for network users in the realm of data transmission.The proposed system comprises four stages: the first stage employs two-bit plane slicing (2-BPS) to partition the image into four subimages (covers), the second stage transforms a secret message from ASCII to binary format; the third stage produces a random secret key; and the four stage conceal the secret message into the covers(2BPS) images. The results obtained the …


Improvement Of The Secret Key Exchange In Symmetric Cryptography, Amer Kais Obaid Aljumaili Apr 2025

Improvement Of The Secret Key Exchange In Symmetric Cryptography, Amer Kais Obaid Aljumaili

Iraqi Journal of Computers, Communications, Control and Systems Engineering

The important of reducing a chance of the information being detected during the transmission is Being an Issue now days. Some solution to be discussed is how to passing information in a manner that the very existence of the message is unknown in order to repel attention of the potential attacker. The exchanging of the secret key that used in symmetric cryptographic represents a major and the most sensitive part of symmetric cryptographic systems. In different studies, Cryptanalysts usually attack symmetric key cryptosystems through their key management. In this paper, we present a new algorithm to exchange secret keys over …


Sustainability Hub Newsletter - April 2025, Margaret Saville, Jennifer Embree, Ashley Maurad Apr 2025

Sustainability Hub Newsletter - April 2025, Margaret Saville, Jennifer Embree, Ashley Maurad

Library Sustainability Resources

Happy April Bearcats! As the weather starts to get warmer and we get ready to celebrate Earth Day this month, we have TONS of fun events to share with you! Keep reading to see our April reading list, sustainable swaps, and some spring planting tips and tricks!


Integrating Elementary Computer Science And Mathematics Instruction: One Size Does Not Fit All, Umar Shehzad, Jody Clarke-Midura, Mimi Recker Apr 2025

Integrating Elementary Computer Science And Mathematics Instruction: One Size Does Not Fit All, Umar Shehzad, Jody Clarke-Midura, Mimi Recker

Publications

This paper presents a model, the double integration model, for integrating Computer Science (CS) and mathematics in upper elementary instruction. Fifth-grade students (n=1,037) participated either in the double integrated model (Condition 1; integrated in both CS and Math instruction) or integrated lessons only in CS instruction (Condition 2). After each lesson, students rated their enjoyment, perceived ease, and perceptions of CS-math connections. Multilevel analyses revealed that Condition 1 students reported significantly more positive perceptions and stronger CS-math connections of the lessons than Condition 2 students. Girls in Condition 1 responded more positively than boys on enjoyment and connection items, and …


Streamlining Field Note Analysis: Leveraging Gpt For Further Insights, Saríah López-Fierro, Umar Shehzad, Alireza (Sina) Zandi, Jody Clarke-Midura, Mimi Recker Apr 2025

Streamlining Field Note Analysis: Leveraging Gpt For Further Insights, Saríah López-Fierro, Umar Shehzad, Alireza (Sina) Zandi, Jody Clarke-Midura, Mimi Recker

Publications

As an integral part of qualitative research inquiry, field notes provide important data from researchers embedded in research sites. However, field notes can vary significantly, influenced by the researchers' immersion in the field, prior knowledge, beliefs, interests, and perspectives. As consequence, their interpretation presents significant challenges. This study offers a preliminary investigation into the potential of using large language models to assist researchers with the analysis and interpretation of field notes data. Our methodology consisted of two phases. First, a researcher deductively coded field notes of six classroom implementations of a novel elementary-level mathematics curriculum. In the second phase, we …


The Characteristics Of Missionary Understanding And Practices And The Impact Of Transnationalism In Reference To The Indian Pentecostal Church Of God (Ipc) In The Us, Jaewoo Joung Apr 2025

The Characteristics Of Missionary Understanding And Practices And The Impact Of Transnationalism In Reference To The Indian Pentecostal Church Of God (Ipc) In The Us, Jaewoo Joung

ATS Dissertations

No abstract provided.


Convention On Safety For Survivors Of Family Violence Involved In International Custody Disputes, Merle H. Weiner Apr 2025

Convention On Safety For Survivors Of Family Violence Involved In International Custody Disputes, Merle H. Weiner

Cardozo Law Review

This Article proposes a new treaty to fix the "domestic violence problem" that plagues the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. It argues that a new international instrument is legally permissible and would be the most efficient way to solve the problem. It compares the proposed solution to other child abduction instruments that exist in the European Union (EU) and Latin America but that do not address domestic violence. This Article proposes specific treaty provisions and provides commentary on those provisions. This Article is intended to influence state parties to the Hague Abduction Convention who are …