Digital Commons Network^™

Expansively Framing Mathematics And Computer Science Teaching With Digital Technology In Elementary Classrooms, Kimberly E. Beck, Jessica F. Shumway, Patrick Ocran, Jody Clarke-Midura, Mimi Recker

Publications

Expansive Framing (EF) is a theory and an instructional technique to facilitate connections between content and contexts. We employed EF as an approach to create a series of integrated mathematics and computer science (CS) lessons, using digital technology as a tool to leverage shared mathematical and computational ideas. We used deductive theoretical qualitative analysis of transcripts of classroom implementations to investigate how two fifth-grade teachers and one computer lab paraprofessional educator used EF during their teaching and what the EF approach looked like in practice. Findings suggested that educators engaged in EF principles when they were present in curricular materials, …

Assessing The Impact Of Spraying An E. Faecium Probiotic At Hatch And Supplementing Feed With A Triple-Strain Bacillus-Based Additive On Bco Lameness Incidence In Broiler Chickens, Khawla Alharbi, Anh Dang Trieu Do, Abdulaziz Alqahtani, Ruvindu Perera, Alexa Thomas, Antoine Meuter, Adnan Ali Khalaf

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) is a major cause of lameness in broiler chickens. This condition arises when bacteria from the gastrointestinal or aerosol tract migrate to infect bone microfractures, often exacerbated by rapid growth, reduced blood flow, and mechanical stress. As concerns about antibiotic resistance grow, probiotics have gained attention for their potential to improve gut health and reduce systemic bacterial load. This study evaluated the efficacy of a probiotic program comprising an Enterococcus faecium-based spray (2 x 10(9) CFU/bird at hatch) and a triple-strain Bacillus-based feed additive (B. subtilis 597, B. subtilis 600, and B. amyloliquefaciens 516 at …

Characteristics, Behaviour And Fluxes Of Microplastics In The Coastal Boundary Zones Of The Persian Gulf And Oman Sea, Sajjad Abbasi, Andrew Turner

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Relatively little is known about microplastics (MPs) in the atmosphere of the coastal zone, including their interaction with the sea surface. In this study, MPs have been determined and characterised in the lower atmosphere, advecting air, depositing dusts, coastal sediments and seawater of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea using a variety of sampling techniques (including filtration of water and pumped air and deployment of a vertical array of sediment traps). MPs were detected in all samples and were dominated by fibres that were, in most cases, small (<100 μm) and black. MP numbers captured in advecting air showed no trends with height or differences between locations or deployments over land and sea, but a clear increase was observed during strong winds. MPs in atmospheric suspension and in deposited dusts, sediments and seawater were also heterogeneously distributed. Environmental or transport pathway fractionation was evident according to morphology and particle size (% fibres and % small fibres) and to polymer density. Regarding the latter, relatively low-density polymers (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene) were more abundant in the atmosphere, advecting air and seawater, whereas higher density polymers (e.g., regenerated cellulosics, polyethylene terephthalate) were more abundant in settling dusts and sediments. Fluxes, based on particle counts and converted MP m⁻² h⁻¹, revealed advection (up to ∼ 1.2 × …

Type I Interferon Protects Against Bone Loss In Periodontitis By Mitigating An Interleukin (Il)-17-Neutrophil Axis, Jinmei Zhang, Qiong Ding, Angela X Wang, Maoxuan Lin, Ning Yu, Kevin Moss, Megumi A Williamson, Di Miao, Julie T Marchesan, Erliang Zeng, Wei Shi, Hongli Sun, Yu Leo Lei, Shaoping Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Type I interferons (IFNs-I), a group of pleiotropic cytokines, critically modulate host response in various inflammatory diseases. However, the role of the IFN-I pathway in periodontitis remains largely unknown. In this report, we describe that the IFN-β levels in the gingival crevicular fluid of human subjects were negatively associated with periodontitis and clinical gingival inflammation. Disruption of IFN-I signaling worsened alveolar bone resorption in a ligature-induced periodontitis murine model. Deficiency of the IFN-I pathway resulted in an exaggerated inflammatory response in myeloid cells and drastically increased the interleukin-17 (IL-17)-mediated neutrophil recruitment in the gingiva. We further identified that the myeloid …

Infallible Or Fallible For Students’ Use? Interdownload And Confessions With Open Ai’ Chatgpt, Aymen Al Qaradaghi

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

In this study, OpenAI ChatGPT known as a GPT-3 (Generative pre-trained transformer) and the tool of learning has the ability to innovate and generate ideas was interdownloaded. The scope of the study is about the use of OpenAI ChatGPT by students and the impact on them. Several questions were asked and responses received from ChatGPT. Even this study is not the first regarding OpenAI ChatGPT, but the originality of this study is about establishing the idea of students’ blind use of artificial intelligence. The result shows that ChatGPT has advantages and disadvantages on students. Advantages are superficial for students, however, …

Traumatic Childhood Experiences In Middle-School Adolescents, Zainab Abdullah, Hassan Ali Al-Sayed

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The current research aims to: • Identify the painful childhood experiences among adolescents. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach for the current study, which was conducted on a sample of middle school adolescents in Baghdad. The researcher used the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) tool, developed by (Felitti, et al, 1998), and later modified by the Gulf Research Center (BARC). This tool consists of 19 items related to painful childhood experiences, with responses recorded as "Yes" or "No." Additionally, the Impact Measure (IE-S), consisting of 22 items distributed across three subscales (avoidance, intrusion, and physical responses), was utilized. The responses were …

A Sociopragmatic Study Of Emojis As Non-Verbal Cues In Virtual Team Meetings, Abdulkarim Fadhil Jameel

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The sociopragmatic study examines the use of emojis as non-verbal cues in virtual team meetings, analyzing their linguistic and pragmatic functions across professional domains, meeting types, and levels of formality. The study focuses on how emojis contribute to meaning-making in remote work settings using platforms like Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and Slack. It draws on a dataset of 50 virtual meetings from technology, education, health, and finance sectors, with informed consent from participants. This diverse sample allows for an exploration of emoji use across various organizational cultures and communication practices. The study categorizes meetings into four types: routine check-ins, brainstorming sessions, …

Morphological Phenomena In The Dictionary Of Eloquent Origins Of Colloquial Words By Muhammad Nasser Al-Aboudi: Analysis And Evaluation, Riyadh Mohammad Odeh Hamad, Ahmed Ashour Jaaz

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

A close examination of Muhammad Al-Aboudi’s Lexicon of Classical Origins of Colloquial Terms reveals that Najdi vernacular has preserved many of the classical Arabic morphological patterns and their meanings. Some forms have undergone slight changes from their original classical structures, yet these modifications do not place them outside the bounds of authentic Arabic usage. In this study, I will highlight a selection of commonly used nominal and verbal morphological patterns found in the Najdi dialect. Research problem: There are morphological meters in colloquial Najdi that still retain their connotations that were in the classical language, and there is a need …

Analysis Of Narrative Speech In George Salem's Story Collection (Departure), Ansam Arkan Hariz

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

Short story art is an important creative narrative arts; Having a speech that reflects the author's (text sender's) download of an idea, he strives to disseminate that speech among the elements of the story text. George Salem's anecdotal collection carried a speech, reflecting his feelings and feelings. It was a sincere picture of his reality, as well as his description of his suffering, pain and psychological crisis. The writer tends to express those feelings with a personality (the unsung hero), which opens up a wide range of questions, thus leading us to a plethora of interpretations and connotations. The lesson …

Macrophage Heterogeneity And Function In The Lung, Xin Li

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Macrophages are critical custodians of the lung, orchestrating immune surveillance, maintaining tissue homeostasis, and coordinating both innate and adaptive responses. This dissertation examines their heterogeneity and specialized functions, focusing on IMs, which reside in the lung interstitium, and AMs, which occupy the airspace. Through comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic profiling of murine and human samples, we identify multiple IM and AM subsets defined by distinct chemokine, cytokine, receptor, and innate immune gene signatures. These subsets display clear divisions of labor, contributing to immune cell recruitment, tertiary lymphoid structure formation, and alveolar homeostasis.

In IMs, coordinated chemokine programs not only recruit inflammatory cells …

Advancing Novel Contrast Agents For Applications In Fluorescence-Guided Neurosurgery Using Fluorescence Cryotomography, Augustino Vittorio Scorzo

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) is an emerging surgical technique that aims to help surgeons identify tissue types to assist in surgical decision making - ideally providing “cut-by-color” guidance. A primary application for this approach is the identification of tumor tissue to achieve more accurate and complete tumor removal while simultaneously minimizing damage to surrounding normal tissue. The cornerstone of tumor visualization for FGS is the administration of fluorescent contrast agents, or in some cases metabolic precursors, designed to accumulate specifically in tumor tissue, and a wide range of agents that use different targeting mechanisms are currently under investigation. Although these …

Hydropneumopericardium Due To Esophageal-Pericardial Fistula: A Rare Complication Of Esophageal Stenting, Svenja Schneider, Margaret Doyle, Suzanna Talento, Waqas Ullah, Gregary D. Marhefka

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

We present a case of a 53-year-old woman with a history of ulcerative esophagitis and esophageal stricture status post esophageal stenting that was complicated by stent migration. She presented with fatigue, melena, and dark output from her percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube. An echocardiogram showed hydropneumopericardium with cardiac tamponade physiology requiring emergent pericardiocentesis. The aspirated fluid was brown and cloudy; pathology of the fluid showed meat and vegetable matter consistent with food. She ultimately required esophagectomy with esophagostomy. This case highlights the importance of early recognition of esophageal-pericardial fistulas, as delay in the management carries a high risk for morbidity and …

The Euro-Maghreb Political Approach To Illegal Migration 1990-2010, Sondos A. Taha

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

This study aims to monitor the political actions undertaken by European and Maghreb countries in combating the phenomenon of illegal immigration from 1990 to 2010. This leads us to a problematic question regarding the seriousness and effectiveness of Euro-Maghreb political cooperation in addressing this phenomenon. In this study, we adopted a methodology dictated by the nature of the topic, primarily the historical method, by tracing the development of migration trends within the European Union. This approach helps us understand the nature of European migration policies by following their evolution from the Cold War era to the most recent policies implemented …

Pioneers Of Islamic Education In China Muhammad Bin Abdullah Bin Elias, D. 1597 Ad, Leqaa Shaker Khatar

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

This research deals with the biography of Sheikh Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Elias, one of the most prominent pioneers of Islamic education in China during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The Sheikh was born in the city of Nanjing during the late Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, and grew up in a distinguished scientific environment that enabled him to combine Islamic sciences with traditional Chinese culture . The research discussed his most prominent contributions to spreading Islamic education, including establishing religious schools in mosques to teach Islamic sciences and the Arabic language, and translating Islamic texts …

Mechanistic Insights Into The Flash Effect: The Role Of Oxygen And Radiation Chemistry In Ultra-High Dose Rate Radiation Therapy, Jacob Pierce Sunnerberg

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

The development of new cancer therapies focuses on widening the therapeutic ratio between tumor control and normal tissue toxicity. Over the last decade, ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) radiation therapy, commonly known as FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT), has shown promising potential to reduce normal tissue toxicity while maintaining tumor control. However, the underlying mechanisms of the FLASH effect remain poorly understood. This thesis explores the radiation-chemical basis of FLASH-RT, focusing on the role of oxygen and reactive oxygen species in modulating biological outcomes.

A comprehensive set of in vitro studies demonstrated that UHDR delivery significantly alters radiation chemistry compared to conventional dose …

Elite Cohesion And Its Historical Sources: Analyzing Its Impact On Democratization In Nigeria And Botswana, Aliaa Magdy Aboutera

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis examines the divergent democratization trajectories of Botswana and Nigeria, focusing on the role of colonial legacies and post-colonial elites in shaping elite cohesion. While both countries experienced British colonial rule, their transitions to democracy in the post-independence period have differed significantly. This study argues that elite cohesion, although insufficient on its own, is a critical facilitating factor in democratic consolidation that warrants greater attention in the democratization literature. This cohesion is largely shaped by the sociology of political elites, with historical contexts influencing how elites organize. Through process tracing, the thesis argues that colonialism in Botswana did not …

Negotiating The Canon: Arab Women Romantic Poets Jamila Al-ʿAlayli And Zahra Al-Hurr, Osama Amer

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis examines the engagement of two Arab romantic women poets, Jamila al-ʿAlayli and Zahra al-Hurr, with the Arabic literary canon, focusing on how they negotiated their positions within the canon. Despite being active contributors to the Arabic romantic movement, their works remain overlooked in literary histories and anthologies. The study explores the modes of canonization, such as gender essentialism, exceptionalism, and socio-political engagement, by which the canon operates. Through a feminist lens, this research analyzes selected poems, autobiographical texts, articles, interviews, and critical writings by both poets, highlighting their distinct strategies for challenging and reshaping their literary status. Al-ʿAlayli …

The Different Roles Of Women In The Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria: An Explanation., Menan Baher Hassanein

Theses and Dissertations

Why do women not run away from a violent anti-feminist group like ISIS even though gender norms dictate that women shall be peaceful, stereotypes highlight that they are peace-loving, and rationality directs that they should not leave their patriarchal societies only to join another mini patriarchal one? This thesis aimed to answer this question and focused on non-Western ISIS female members. Notably, this study was merely interested in a gender-based explanation in the sense that it wanted to see how gender dynamics, norms and gender-related grievances push Daesh women into the group’s ranks. This study hypothesized that women join ISIS …

An Llm Approach For Automating The Analysis Of Bim (Ifc) Data, Miral Selim

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis introduces a novel methodology for automating the analysis of Building Information Modeling (BIM) data using LangGraph, an advanced extension of the LangChain framework, and integrating Google’s Gemini Large Language Model (LLM) with IfcOpenShell. BIM, and specifically Industry Foundation Class (IFC) files, are widely used in the construction industry for representing and managing building data. However, analyzing this data effectively remains a significant challenge due to its volume and complexity. Additionally, analyzing BIM data typically requires knowledge of different BIM software depending on the application. This research addresses this challenge by creating a workflow that utilizes LangGraph’s ability to …

Game, Set, Empower: A Comparative Instagram Analysis Of Branding And Engagement In The Confederation Of African Football (Caf) Women’S And Men’S Champions League, Nour Abdelkader Ms

Theses and Dissertations

The rise of women’s football has placed new emphasis on digital branding, with social media becoming a vital space for visibility, engagement, and representation. This thesis investigates how Instagram content strategies influence fan engagement during the CAF Women’s and Men’s Champions League tournaments. Specifically, it examines the role of content type (match, behind-the-scenes, off-the-pitch, promotional), marketing orientation (organic, sponsored, collaborative), and post format (reel, carousel, photo, graphic) in shaping audience interaction.

Using an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach, the study analyzed 674 Instagram posts (276 CAFWCL, 398 CAFCL) and conducted semi-structured interviews with five digital sports professionals, including CAF digital …

The Dubr/Mir-210-5p/Retsat Axis In Cholesterol-Associated Steatohepatitis: Clinical Signatures And Molecular Mechanisms, Hana Mahmoud Abdelzaher

Theses and Dissertations

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) represents an increasing global health challenge, with cholesterol-associated steatohepatitis (CASH) emerging as a distinct pathological entity warranting investigation. While CASH demonstrates unique features compared to traditional triglyceride-driven steatohepatitis, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigates a novel regulatory axis involving DPPA2 Upstream Binding RNA (DUBR), miR-210-5p, and retinol saturase (RETSAT). 170 patient samples revealed progressive axis dysregulation in disease states, with RETSAT emerging as a highly accurate diagnostic marker (AUC=1.000). Using novel in vitro models of MASH and CASH, we demonstrated that miR-210-5p modulation significantly affects lipid accumulation and cellular phenotype, with …

Development Of Preventive Dental Guidelines In The Primary Healthcare Setting In Egypt: A Delphi Method, Basant Mehriz

Theses and Dissertations

This study addresses the critical need for standardized preventive dental care guidelines within Egypt's primary healthcare system amid the rising burden of oral diseases. Through a systematic two-phase methodology combining a comprehensive literature review and a Delphi consensus-building process engaging 35 dental professionals, the research established priorities for contextually appropriate preventive measures. The consensus framework revealed strong support for clinical interventions (mean of 83% agreement), particularly fluoride-based prevention; community initiatives (mean of 83%), especially school-based programs; policy measures (mean of 77%) such as workforce and educational development, though with variable support for taxation and social determinants approaches. Statistical analysis demonstrated …

Mesoscale Modelling For Investigating The Thermo-Mechanical Behaviour Of Geopolymer Concrete, Feiyu Shi, Long Yuan Li, Shanshan Cheng

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

Advancing the understanding of the behaviour of geopolymer concrete subjected to both thermal and mechanical loadings provides valuable assistance in the fire safety design of geopolymer concrete structures. Here in this research, a mesoscale modelling technique was proposed to simulate the free thermal expansion and behaviours of geopolymer concrete subjected to two different loading schemes. Results showed that transient thermal strain was clearly observable in the mesoscale modelling, and due to the existence of transient thermal strain, behaviours of geopolymer concrete under heat-then-load and load-then-heat schemes were quite different. Another further close look at the effect of volume fraction of …

The Impact Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus On The Severity Of Alzheimer's Disease In Hispanic Populations In The Rio Grande Valley: A Pilot Retrospective Chart Review, Maria Camila Gonzalez Tovar, Daniel Salinas, Kelsey Baker

School of Medicine Publications

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is becoming more prevalent worldwide, leading to a growing demand to understand the impact of risk factors on disease progression. Notably, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a significant risk factor for the development of AD, given the pathophysiological role of insulin resistance in cognitive impairment. In particular, the impact of type 2 DM on AD development and severity may be heightened in Hispanic populations due to the high prevalence of both conditions in this community. Here, we sought to understand the role of type 2 DM in AD severity in a Hispanic population …

Hybrid Pvt Integrated Pyramid Solar Still: 11e, Sustainability, And Sustainable Development Goals Assessment, Md Shahriar Mohtasim, Md Golam Kibria, Md Mahamudul Hasan Pranto, Barun K. Das

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) integrated solar stills (SSs) can address the challenges associated with electricity scarcity and water desalination. The experiment encompasses a synergistic approach of delivering the heated fluid from the PVT with phase change materials (PVT/PCM) and PVT integrated hybrid nano-materials with fin (PVT/HNPCM/Fin) setups to the water basin of the modified pyramid SSs for enhancing the evaporation rate. A comprehensive analysis is conducted on the impact of hollow circular fins, black sand, hybrid nano-particles with PCM and sponge in SS cases. For PVT scenarios, the effects of hybrid nano-enhanced PCM and fins in serpentine copper pipe layout at …

Sex Offender Prison Treatment Programs: Outdated Science Masquerading As A Legitimate Penological Objective, Shelby Jones

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Minding The Gap: The Berne Convention’S Silence On Available Copyright Infringement Damages, Kylie Johnston

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Confronting The Injustices That Prevail From Revealing Americans’ Most Private Information: Their Genetic Code, Aubrey Fleming

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Sovereignty Vs. Humanity: The Evolution Of International Law In Civil And Colonial Wars And Modern Implications, Dr. Noam Zamir

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Tax Treaties In The Wind, Doron Narotzki

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.