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The Pacific Sentinel, December 2018, Portland State University. Student Publications Board

The Pacific Sentinel

Editor: Jake Johnson

Articles in this issue include:

• Signing the Movement;
• Man in CPSO Custody Dies on Thanksgiving;
• Lars Larson and PSU Clash;
• Mt. Hood Faults Add Earthquake Threat to Portland;
• The Kelp Forests and Sea Urchins: It's Complicated;
• Pennsylvania Catholic Church Knew of Over 1,000 Victims;
• Will the City of Portland Increase Houseless Sweeps?;
• The Portland Book Festival Formerly Known as Wordstock;
• Herstory in the Making: Historic Firsts and Other Election Results;
• Oregon Voting Laws; Public Education Victories in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Arizona are a Model for the Country;
• One Nation In/Divisible: Examining the Two-Party System;
• Should We Start …

The Adoption Of Federal Scrutiny By State Supreme Courts In Same-Sex Marriage Jurisprudence, Shane Farrell

Lawrence University Honors Projects

It would be logical to assume state supreme courts, when reviewing state constitutional challenges, interpret their state constitutions in unique and independent ways. This is not true in same-sex marriage cases. Counterintuitively, state supreme courts use a non-independent standard of review created by the federal government. My research shows that state courts are shaped by federal scrutiny standards in same-sex marriage cases. I will show how Washington, Connecticut, and California all adopted federal scrutiny. I will also show how Vermont did not adopt the federal scrutiny, yet was still shaped by the standard.

Relationship Between Road Network Characteristics And Traffic Safety, Hatim Sharif, Samer Dessouky

Data

Corresponding data set for Tran-SET Project No. 17ITSTSA01. Abstract of the final report is stated below for reference:

"The Transportation and Capital Improvement of the City of San Antonio, Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) and other related agencies often make several efforts based on traffic data to improve safety at intersections, but the number of intersection crashes is still on the high side. There is no one size fits all solution for intersections and the City is often usually confronted with doing best value option analysis on different solutions to choose the least expensive yet more advancements. The goal of …

Intersectional Invisibilization: Black Female Movement Leaders In Mexico And Their Private Sphere Resistance, Lindsay Fasser

Undergraduate Honors Theses

International attention drew to Afro-Mexican individuals in 2015, when the Mexican inter-census survey first allowed Black Mexican people to self-identify as Afro-Mexican. The Black movement in Mexico revolving around recognition rather than liberation had been stirring in Coastal regions for decades prior, fueled by the work of incredible activists across the gender spectrum. However, the representation of such activists in public discourse is largely male. In analyzing this particular movement, the importance of intersectional theory becomes apparent, in unpacking both gendered and racialized forms of hierarchy and invisibility. By exploring the intersections between social movement and social suffering, as well …

Improving The Quality Of Traffic Records For Traffic Incident Management, Reginald R. Souleyrette, Mei Chen, Xu Zhang, Eric R. Green, Shraddha Sagar

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Traffic incidents in US roadways cause 25 percent of all delays experienced by users. The resulting congestion may lead to secondary crashes, increasing economic costs and further risking the lives of travelers. Traffic Incident Management is a process that detects, responds to, and clears traffic incidents as quickly as possible so that traffic flow is restored safely. This project analyzes the three TIM performance measures: Roadway Clearance Time, Incident Clearance Time and Secondary Crashes of Kentucky to identify a baseline for performance which may indicate potential for improvement. The study pinpoints different data sources, tools and technologies that can be …

Sb 407 - Sentencing And Punishment, Abigail L. Howd, Alisa M. Radut

Georgia State University Law Review

The Act provides comprehensive reform for offenders entering, proceeding through, and leaving the criminal justice system. The Act requires all superior court clerks to provide an electronic filing option, and it requires juvenile court clerks to collect and report certain data about juvenile offenders to the Juvenile Data Exchange. In addition, the Act creates the Criminal Justice Coordinating Council and the Criminal Case Data Exchange Board. The Act also changes the grounds for granting and revoking professional licenses and drivers’ licenses to offenders and modifies the provisions relating to issuing citations and setting bail. Inmates of any public institution may …

Sb 339 - Education, Daniel F. Barrett, Alexander Hegner

Georgia State University Law Review

The Act amends the statutes in the Georgia Code applicable to the University System and Board of Regents statutes in the Georgia Code. It adds new sections that place affirmative requirements on the Board of Regents to adopt and publish new policies, which aim to encourage the dissemination of free speech across university campuses. Further, the Act directs that universities must implement disciplinary sanctions for anyone subject to the jurisdiction of the University System who interferes with the free speech of invited speakers and others on campus. Finally, the Board of Regents must publish annual reports regarding any barriers to …

Hb 673 - Motor Vehicles And Traffic, Brandon M. Kopp, Caleb L. Swiney

Georgia State University Law Review

The Act prohibits holding any electronic device or using text-based communication while driving. Drivers are further prohibited from watching or creating videos. These prohibitions exclude: electronic headsets; smart watches; navigation systems; dash cam systems; and programs that convert voice messages into text messages. Commercial vehicle drivers are prohibited from using more than a single button to engage in voice communication or reaching for a communication device in an unsafe manner. Violators will be fined and assessed points to their license based on the amount of times that they have previously violated this Act. Notably, these provisions do not apply when …

Ending Innocence Denying, Lara Bazelon

Hofstra Law Review

Prosecutors, the most powerful actors in the criminal justice system, also have the most difficult job: they must be "ministers of justice." A prosecutor's core mission is to vindicate the truth, rather than strive to "win" by accumulating a track record of convictions. When evidence somes to light suggesting that a wrongful conviction has occurred, a prosecutor's ethical obligation requires admitting to a terrible mistake and working to undo it. Many conscientious prosecutors accept this responsibility and confess to their errors. But too many do not. They insist, in the face of overwhelming evidence to the contrary, that wrongfully convicted …

Danger Ahead: Risk Assessment And The Future Of Bail Reform, John Logan Koepke, David G. Robinson

Washington Law Review

In the last five years, legislators in all fifty states have made changes to their pretrial justice systems. Reform efforts aim to shrink jails by incarcerating fewer people—particularly poor, low-risk defendants and racial minorities. Many jurisdictions are embracing pretrial risk assessment instruments—statistical tools that use historical data to forecast which defendants can safely be released—as a centerpiece of reform. Now, many are questioning the extent to which pretrial risk assessment instruments actually serve reform goals. Existing scholarship and debate centers on how the instruments themselves may reinforce racial disparities and on how their opaque algorithms may frustrate due process interests. …

The "Foreign Agent Problem": An International Legal Solution To Domestic Restrictions On Non-Governmental Organizations, Jacqueline Van De Velde

Cardozo Law Review

The United States' Foreign Agent Registration Act (FARA), has recently come into the spotlight due to its use in the ongoing Russian election interference investigation. But the United States 'foreign agent restriction is only one of many: while FARA was the first of its kind, it now exists among a multitude of such restrictions. Too, the U.S. foreign agent restriction is lenient, compared to the restrictions appearing in other countries- restrictions that now are crippling civil society and to which international law is ill-equipped to respond. This Article analyzes this sudden avalanche of 'foreign agent" legislation: restrictive domestic legislation that …

Social Media Communication By Local Governments And Its Implications For Urban Planning, Leiming Zhao

Community and Regional Planning Program: Theses

Social media has altered traditional communication and enriched traditional social networks. In addition to its use for personal communication and business marketing, social media has also been proved to be a valuable tool for urban planners and managers. However, there are relatively few studies about how social media communication may inform the design of urban master plans. The objectives of the thesis are to understand how the city governments have used social media to engage with the general public on urban planning issues, and assess if social media contents can be used to inform urban planning. The 10 top digital …

A Protocol For Using Long-Term Structural Health Monitoring Data To Detect And Localize Damage In Bridges, Kathryn Elaine Kaspar

Master's Theses and Capstones

The purpose of this research is to establish a protocol for using strain gauge data to characterize the undamaged state of a bridge for structural health monitoring. The Powder Mill Bridge (PMB), which has been instrumented with strain gauges since its opening in 2009, is used as a case study. and the strain gauges used in this study are located at 27 different locations throughout the bridge. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and linear regression are presented as methodologies for characterizing the relationship between the strains at each of the stations on the bridge. One linear regression analysis was performed as …

Hb 701 - Public Officers And Employees, Michael C. Freeman Jr., Monica Laredo Ruiz

Georgia State University Law Review

The Act amends Georgia’s statute to give state employers the authority to drug test certain applicants to various public positions. The Act adds opioids, opioid analgesics, and opioid derivatives to the list of drugs for which state employers may screen.

Vocational And Life Skills Monthly Data Update: December 2018, Uno Nebraska Center For Justice Research, Katelynn Towne, Michael Campagna

Reports

Grantees use an online data management system to submit data on participants served under their Vocational and Life Skills programming. This data is due monthly and reflects all services provided during the previous month to participants. Evaluators at the Nebraska Center for Justice Research work with grantees directly to manage data entry errors on an ongoing basis during monthly update calls and regular site visits.

The current data derives from an active database, with live data being entered and updated daily. Data values, including previously submitted information, may fluctuate depending on changes made from data entry oversight. One common example …

Factors Associated With Civilian And Police Officer Injury During 10 Years Of Officer-Involved Shooting Incidents: A Cross-Sectional Analysis, Ellen Paddock

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Purpose. Law enforcement officer-involved shootings are uncommon events in the context of encounters with the public, but extreme situations which have the potential to pose immense harm to individuals and communities. Previous research demonstrates that a large proportion of such incidents result in injury or death, most commonly to civilians, but in some cases to officers as well. However, there has been little study of what factors are associated with injury during such incidents, and whether these factors might differ for civilians compared to officers. This study examined the factors associated with both civilian and officer injury and/or fatality during …

Drug Overdose Prevention: Promising Practices, Dawne Frain, Rachel Lubischer, Jessica Groeneweg, Lynn Castrianno, Jeanette Harder, Gaylene Armstrong

Reports

This report on best practices informs a needs assessment on the capacity of Nebraska systems to respond to surges or clusters of intentional, unintentional, and unknown drug overdoses, especially in high burden areas and with a focus on opioids.

Are Accounting Firms Breaching The Age Discrimination Act With The Inclusion Of Mandatory Retirement Provisions, Emily Haggard

Marketing Undergraduate Honors Theses

Age is just a number. This phrase has been murmured time after time in history. From famous movie scenes, song lyrics, pages in books, and wisdom from mothers, everyone has heard this at least once in their lives. Some joke that age only matters in wine and cheese. Some argue that age is all a limitation that the mind gives you. People are taught to never ask a woman how old she is, and as a society we celebrate certain ages such as twenty-one and sixteen, yet shun and deny those such as thirty and fifty. There are rules for …

Occupancy Detection Using Wireless Sensor Network In Indoor Environment, Farah Ferdaus

Master's Theses and Capstones

Occupancy detection plays an important role in many smart buildings such as reducing building energy usage by controlling heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, monitoring systems and managing lighting systems, tracking people in hospitals for medical issues, advertising to people in malls, and to search and rescue missions. The global positioning system (GPS) is used most widely as a localization system but highly inaccurate for indoor applications. The indoor environment is difficult to handle because along with the loss of signals, privacy is a major concern. Indoor tracking has many aspects in common with sensor localization in Wireless Sensor …

Juries In U.S. Patent Cases: A Comparative Portrait Of The Boundaries Of Democracy, M. Neil Browne, Nancy K. Kubasek, Alex Q. Jacobs

North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology

“It is clear that juries will necessarily differ in ‘competence,’ but it is at best incongruous to suggest that a society that sends its citizens routinely into space could never produce a jury competent to determine a case some judge might consider too ‘complex’ for people with ‘common experience’ to decide.”

Tracking Predators: Microchip Implants, A Constitutional Alternative To Gps Tracking For North Carolina?, Alex Rutgers

North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology

The North Carolina Court of Appeals’ recent decision in State v. Grady held that the State of North Carolina failed to prove the reasonableness of continuing Satellite Based Monitoring (SBM) for the lifetime of a sex offender. It is the State’s burden to prove the necessity, and looking at the totality of the circumstances, the court found two factors significant in determining that lifetime SBM is unreasonable: the physical intrusion of the SBM device, and the continuous GPS monitoring. In light of the court’s holding that SBM affected a Fourth Amendment search (which was unreasonable even for a convicted sex …

Volcano Infrasound Monitoring With Applications For Statistical Forecasting Of Explosions At Sakurajima (Japan), Matthew R. Vonlintig

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Volcanic eruptions are powerful natural phenomena that often occur unpredictably in time and magnitude. Nearby communities are put at risk during volcanic unrest; however, when hazards are well understood and clearly defined risk can be mitigated. This thesis addresses the problem of forecasting the likelihood of future explosive volcanic behavior by monitoring ongoing eruptive history with infrasound. I parameterize inter-event temporal behavior to determine the eruption controlling processes is material failure opposed to changes in magma and volatile supply.

I analyze data from Sakurajima, a type-example open volcano, using two local (4 km from the vent) microphone arrays, which recorded …

Palsgraf-Ian Proximate Cause And Insurance Law: The State Of New York Additional Insured Coverage Following Burlington Insurance Co. V. Nyc Transit Authority, Ryan P. Maxwell

Buffalo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Gender Balance From Civil Strife, Wyndi Shaffner

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of conflict on the sociopolitical status of women in several affected countries. The conflicts analyzed within this work are both violent and non-violent. I infer that conflict acts as an impetus to propel gender equity. I utilize the Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI) dataset to determine which movements in women’s equality have been made over the preceding twelve years and reinforce that data analysis with qualitative information through case analysis to add context and meaning to the quantitative findings.

This work focuses on two of the four primary indicators of …

The Esquire Case: A Lost Free Speech Landmark, Samantha Barbas

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

A Case Study Of A Technical College's Faculty Perceptions Regarding The Value Of Professional Development Activities, Kermelle D. Hensley

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this qualitative research study was to investigate technical college faculty members' perceptions of the professional development. Most of the literature was focused on four-year higher educational institutions. For the purposes of this qualitative case study, the researcher addressed the limited amount in the literature about professional development in two-year technical colleges. The researcher investigated faculty perceptions concerning the usefulness of professional development in a two-year higher education institution through survey research design with 8 participants. The main themes were 1) technical college faculty desired professional development; 2) technical college faculty needed for follow up from the professional …

Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2017/2018, Tennessee. Department Of Safety & Homeland Security.

Annual Report

No abstract provided.

Step By Step: Bridging The Gap Between Law Enforcement And Youth, Juan Castro

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

Tensions between law enforcement and the community have hindered the ability to build a positive relationship. Through Partners for Peace, Step-Up Mentoring program youth participants will gather for a community event to help mend the relationship with law enforcement officers. The purpose of the project is to generate a positive activity in which law enforcement can be viewed in a non-authoritative context. The community event was implemented through a friendly basketball game that was meant to facilitate a positive interaction and a discussion to provide a platform where the youth and law enforcement can gain each other’s perspective. The outcome …

The Sea Ranch: Unforeseen Failures And Statewide Successes Of An Ecologically Conscious Coastal Community, Robert Daley

Senior Theses

The term “residential development” or “planned community” brings to mind images of a stereotypical suburbia. The planned community of The Sea Ranch, along the Sonoma County coast in Northern California is a direct challenge to the suburban ideal. Construction of the nearly 1500 homes began in the late 1960s and continues to present day. All of the homes must meet specific design requirements including being ecologically sound and they must fit within the landscape. The strict architectural elements is what provides the distinct look of the community. The construction of a housing development along a ten-mile strip of untouched and …

Mutual Relations Of Macroeconomic Balances – Conclusions From International Comparisons, Jerzy Żyżyński

Studia i Materiały Wydział Zarządzania Uniwersytet Warszawski

We are still witnessing many misconceptions stemming from misunderstanding of macroeconomic conditions upon which macroeconomic stability relies. The economy is a complex mechanism consisting of great many communicating vessels between which the income and expenditure of a variety of entities are flowing. According to the most synthetic macroeconomic approach, in the case of an open economy, such flows make an arrangement of three macroeconomic balances which are interrelated by the following equation, discussed hundreds of times in macroeconomic literature: (G – T) = (S – I) + (Z – X). The very essence of the conditions of the macroeconomic stability …