Digital Commons Network^™

Cybersecurity Provisions And Trade Agreements, Chimene I. Keitner, Harry Clark

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

A Common-Sense Defense Of Janus: Forthcoming Changes In The Public Sector, Maria O'Brien

Faculty Scholarship

Many scholars and others have, for some time now, been calling attention to the alarming growth in post-employment and other benefits for unionized employees in the public sector. ¹⁷ A fairly well-understood phenomenon is thought to explain the inability of state and local governments to resist outsized demands from their public unions. As ¹⁸ Is and others ¹⁹ have argued, the central problem with public sector unions is that they find it easy to capture their employers (taxpayers) in ways that private sector unions cannot. The role played by often eager and feckless elected officials in this process has also …

The Upside Of Deep Fakes, Jessica Silbey, Woodrow Hartzog

Faculty Scholarship

It’s bad. We know. The dawn of “deep fakes” — convincing videos and images of people doing things they never did or said — puts us all in jeopardy in several different ways. Professors Bobby Chesney and Danielle Citron have noted that now “false claims — even preposterous ones — can be peddled with unprecedented success today thanks to a combination of social media ubiquity and virality, cognitive biases, filter bubbles, and group polarization.” The scholars identify a host of harms from deep fakes, ranging from people being exploited, extorted, and sabotaged, to societal harms like the erosion of democratic …

Revisionist History? Responding To Gun Violence Under Historical Limitations, Michael Ulrich

Faculty Scholarship

In the D.C. Circuit case Heller v. District of Columbia (Heller II), Judge Kavanaugh wrote that “Heller and McDonald leave little doubt that courts are to assess gun bans and regulations based on text, history, and tradition, not by a balancing test such as strict or intermediate scrutiny.” Now Justice Kavanaugh, will he find support on the highest court for what was then a dissenting view? Chief Justice Roberts, during oral arguments for Heller I, asked “Isn’t it enough to…look at the various regulations that were available at the time…and determine how these—how this restriction and the scope of this …

From Ocean Sprawl To Blue-Green Infrastructure – A Uk Perspective On An Issue Of Global Significance, Ally J. Evans, Louise B. Firth, Stephen J. Hawkins, Alice E. Hall, Joseph E. Ironside, Richard C. Thompson, Pippa J. Moore

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Artificial structures are proliferating in the marine environment, resulting in ‘ocean sprawl’. In light of the potential environmental impacts of this, such as habitat loss and alteration, it is becoming increasingly important to incorporate ecologically-sensitive design into artificial marine structures. The principles of eco-engineering and green infrastructure are embedded in urban planning practice for terrestrial and freshwater development projects. In marine planning, however, eco-engineering of blue-green infrastructure remains an emerging concept. This note provides a UK perspective on the progress towards uptake of eco-engineering approaches for enhancing biodiversity on artificial marine structures. We emphasise that, despite a clear ‘policy pull’ …

End-To-Middle-To-End Solution For Ims Media Plane Security, Jose Oscar Fajardo, Fidel Liberal, Fudong Li, Nathan Clarke, Is Haka Mkwawa

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) is becoming the prevailing candidate for managing future mobile multimedia communications, including critical communications such as public safety, emergency professionals and corporate networks. IMS security and privacy has gained much attention in the few last years. The review of recent IMS security activities stresses the inclusion of intermediate nodes in the media path of secured communications as an open issue. This paper presents an end-to-middle-to-end solution which enables the usage of IMS media plane elements such as recorders, transcoders and novel cross-ciphering functions in a secure way. The proposed solution, which is fully compliant with IMS, …

Taking Data, Michael C. Pollack

Articles

Technological development has created new forms of information, altered expectations of privacy, and given law enforcement more tools to examine that information and intrude on that privacy. One crucial facet of these changes involves internet service providers (ISPs): as people expose more of their lives to their ISPs—all the websites they visit, people they communicate with, emails they send, files they store, and more—law enforcement efforts to access that data become more and more common. But scholars and policymakers alike recognize that the existing statutory frameworks governing those efforts are based on obsolete technology and strike balances that are difficult …

The Inconsentability Of Facial Surveillance, Evan Selinger, Woodrow Hartzog

Faculty Scholarship

Governments and companies often use consent to justify the use of facial recognition technologies for surveillance. Many proposals for regulating facial recognition technology incorporate consent rules as a way to protect those faces that are being tagged and tracked. But consent is a broken regulatory mechanism for facial surveillance. The individual risks of facial surveillance are impossibly opaque, and our collective autonomy and obscurity interests aren’t captured or served by individual decisions.

In this article, we argue that facial recognition technologies have a massive and likely fatal consent problem. We reconstruct some of Nancy Kim’s fundamental claims in Consentability: Consent …

Foreign Affairs Prosecutions, Steven Arrigg Koh

Faculty Scholarship

Contemporary global crime and cross-border law enforcement cooperation have multiplied “foreign affairs prosecutions,” cases that encompass foreign apprehension, evidence gathering, and criminal conduct, as well as cases that implicate foreign nations’ criminal justice interests. Robert Mueller’s Russia investigation, the fugitive Edward Snowden, and the cross-border crimes of FIFA and El Chapo all exemplify such foreign affairs prosecutions. This Article argues that foreign affairs prosecutions represent a consequential shift in U.S. criminal law, offering the promise of closing global impunity gaps. At the same time, however, such cases risk defendant interests at home and U.S. foreign policy abroad. This Article calls …

Integration Of Biometrics And Steganography: A Comprehensive Review, Ian Mcateer, Ahmed Ibrahim, Guanglou Zhang, Wencheng Yang, Craig Valli

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The use of an individual’s biometric characteristics to advance authentication and verification technology beyond the current dependence on passwords has been the subject of extensive research for some time. Since such physical characteristics cannot be hidden from the public eye, the security of digitised biometric data becomes paramount to avoid the risk of substitution or replay attacks. Biometric systems have readily embraced cryptography to encrypt the data extracted from the scanning of anatomical features. Significant amounts of research have also gone into the integration of biometrics with steganography to add a layer to the defence-in-depth security model, and this has …

Sparc, A Matricellular Protein, In A Cell Culture Model Of Heavy Metal Cadmium Induced Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma, Emily Rae Biggane

Theses and Dissertations

Bladder cancer, the most common urinary tract malignancy, has environmental toxicant exposure as one of its biggest risk factors. This lab examines potential biomarkers employing an in vitro model of urothelial carcinoma using a normal bladder cell line and its malignantly transformed cells transformed counterpart, transformed by exposure to long term, low doses of cadmium (Cd2+). Initial microarray analysis determined that Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) was the most repressed gene across all transformed cell lines compared to its normal counterpart (Garrett et al., 2014, Larson et al., 2010).

SPARC, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, functions by regulating …

2019-2020 Student Handbook, Nova Southeastern University

NSU Student Handbooks

No abstract provided.

Town Of Sugar Hill, New Hampshire 57th Annual Report Year Ending December 31, 2018., Sugar Hill Town Representatives

Sugar Hill, NH Annual Reports

This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire.

2018 Annual Report, Town Of Goffstown, New Hampshire., Goffstown Town Representatives

Goffstown, NH Annual Reports

This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire.

2019 Annual Report, Ben Bohall, John Erixson

Nebraska Forest Service: Publications

No abstract provided.

2019 Annual Report Nebraska Game And Parks

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Publications

No abstract provided.

Board Of Regents Meeting Materials, February 7, 2019, Eastern Michigan University

Board of Regents Meeting Materials

No abstract provided.

Board Of Regents Meeting Materials, December 13, 2019, Eastern Michigan University

Board of Regents Meeting Materials

No abstract provided.

Board Of Regents Meeting Materials, October 25, 2019, Eastern Michigan University

Board of Regents Meeting Materials

No abstract provided.

Board Of Regents Meeting Materials, April 23, 2019, Eastern Michigan University

Board of Regents Meeting Materials

No abstract provided.

Nsu Student Handbook 2019-2020, Nova Southeastern University

College of Engineering and Computing Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Louisiana Survey 2019, Lsu Reilly Center For Media & Public Affairs

Reilly Center Louisiana Surveys

The 2019 Louisiana Survey is the eighteenth in an annual series sponsored by the Reilly Center for Media & Public Affairs at Louisiana State University’s Manship School of Mass Communication.

The mission of the Louisiana Survey is to establish benchmarks as well as to capture change in residents’ assessments of state government services. The survey is further dedicated to tracking public opinion on the contemporary policy issues that face the state. Each iteration of the Louisiana Survey contains core items designed to serve as barometers of public sentiment, including assessments of whether the state is heading in the right direction …

A Study Of Cooperative Spectrum Sharing Schemes For Internet Of Things Systems, Adham Hagag

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Internet of Things (IoT) has gained much attention in recent years with the massive increase in the number of connected devices. Cognitive Machine-to-Machine (CM2M) communications is a hot research topic in which a cognitive dimension allows M2M networks to overcome the challenges of spectrum scarcity, interference, and green requirements. In this paper, we propose a Generalized Cooperative Spectrum Sharing (GCSS) scheme for M2M communication. Cooperation extends the coverage of wireless networks as well as increasing their throughput while reducing the energy consumption of the connected low power devices. We study the outage performance of the proposed GCSS scheme for …

Ai Systems As State Actors, Kate Crawford, Jason M. Schultz

Faculty Articles

Many legal scholars have explored how courts can apply legal doctrines, such as procedural due process and equal protection, directly to government actors when those actors deploy artificial intelligence (AI) systems. But very little attention has been given to how courts should hold private vendors of these technologies accountable when the government uses their AI tools in ways that violate the law. This is a concerning gap, given that governments are turning to third-party vendors with increasing frequency to provide the algorithmic architectures for public services, including welfare benefits and criminal risk assessments. As such, when challenged, many state governments …

Sex And The Schoolhouse, Melissa Murray

Faculty Articles

Book review of The Schoolhouse Gate: Public Education, the Supreme Court, and the Battle for the American Mind, by Justin Driver (Pantheon, 2018).

Categorical Mistakes: The Flawed Framework Of The Armed Career Criminal Act And Mandatory Minimum Sentencing, Rachel E. Barkow

Faculty Articles

The Court’s current approach to the ACCA, the categorical approach, makes the best of a bad situation in a manner that is consistent with the Constitution’s requirements. Interpreting the ACCA as narrowly as possible and robustly enforcing the rule of lenity should be the Court’s other touchstones in this area in light of the harsh consequences the ACCA imposes and the vast discretion it gives prosecutors. But ultimately there is only so much the Court can do. It is up to Congress to fix its mistakes and, until it does, we can expect to see more ACCA cases on the …

Strategic Games And Algorithmic Secrecy, Ignacio N. Cofone, Katherine J. Strandburg

Faculty Articles

We challenge a claim commonly made by industry and government representatives and echoed by legal scholarship: that algorithmic decision-making processes are better kept opaque or secret because otherwise decision-subjects will “game the system”, leading to inaccurate or unfair results. We show that the range of situations in which people are able to game decision-making algorithms is narrow, even when there is substantial disclosure. We then analyze how to identify when gaming is possible in light of (i) how tightly the decision-making proxies are tied to the factors that would ideally determine the outcome, (ii) how easily those proxies can be …

When Stop And Frisk Comes Home: Policing Public And Patrolled Housing, Alexis Karteron

Faculty Articles

In response to programmatic stop-and-frisk, police killings, and other recent controversies in American policing, many have called for “smart policing”—the evidence-based deployment of police resources. An often-heralded example of smart policing is hot spots policing, which involves directing police attention to locations where crime and disorder fester. It is difficult to argue with the logic of hot spots policing, and this Article does not do so. Instead, it critically examines how the Fourth Amendment operates when hot spots policing and similar targeted strategies are used in a common setting: public housing developments and their private counterparts. Largely because of mass …

Massachusetts Community Mediation Center Grant Program: Fiscal Year 2019 Report & Evaluation, Massachusetts Office Of Public Collaboration, University Of Massachusetts Boston

Massachusetts Office of Public Collaboration Publications

In Fiscal Year 2019, the Community Mediation Center Grant Program continued to make progress in implementing its mission to increase public access to community mediation in Massachusetts. Out of an appropriation of $990,000, operational funds amounting to $785,600 were distributed to 12 community mediation centers that did their part to advance public access to community mediation throughout Massachusetts. Notwithstanding a small decline of 1.6% in demand for services, in FY 2019, centers handled over 4,000 cases – 82% of which were court-referred and 18% were non-court-referred – that involved an estimated 8,000 parties, who hailed from cities and towns throughout …

Probation Officers And Parole Agents' Perceptions Of Institutional Obstacles To Reducing Recidivism In A Midwestern State, Gertha Lee Lusby

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Prison management and key stakeholders lack an understanding of how institutional obstacles interfere with probation officers and parole agents' ability in managing offenders to reduce recidivism in a Midwestern state. In 2014, 1 out of 52 adults in the U.S. were under the supervision of probation officers or parole agents. The purpose of this descriptive phenomenological study was to identify the institutional obstacles that exist for probation officers and parole agents in terms of their lived experiences in their jobs. The participants were 5 probation officers and 6 parole agents from a municipal district in a county in a Midwestern …