Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (188755)
- Education (118278)
- Arts and Humanities (84689)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (75809)
- Psychology (73879)
-
- Law (73784)
- Higher Education (35235)
- Sociology (32935)
- Business (29176)
- Communication (27312)
- History (18338)
- Life Sciences (17368)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (15379)
- Religion (15134)
- Public Health (14638)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (13999)
- Nursing (13809)
- Educational Administration and Supervision (12990)
- Teacher Education and Professional Development (12160)
- Curriculum and Instruction (11755)
- Mass Communication (11689)
- Library and Information Science (11221)
- Medical Specialties (11039)
- Mental and Social Health (10443)
- Journalism Studies (10400)
- Social Work (9761)
- Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research (9709)
- Psychiatry and Psychology (9595)
- English Language and Literature (9347)
- Political Science (8746)
- Institution
-
- Walden University (13138)
- University of Montana (13044)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (12551)
- University of South Florida (10833)
- San Jose State University (10826)
-
- Nova Southeastern University (10718)
- Western Michigan University (10437)
- University of Mississippi (10372)
- Brigham Young University (9792)
- University of North Dakota (9002)
- University of Central Florida (8800)
- Liberty University (8791)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (8660)
- University of New Mexico (8526)
- Eastern Illinois University (8498)
- University of Northern Iowa (8126)
- Bowling Green State University (7287)
- Georgia Southern University (7284)
- Utah State University (7163)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (6810)
- University of Dayton (6789)
- California State University, San Bernardino (6697)
- Louisiana State University (6213)
- University of South Carolina (6100)
- Edith Cowan University (6038)
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale (5947)
- Portland State University (5754)
- University of New Hampshire (5555)
- Loyola University Chicago (5462)
- Old Dominion University (5449)
- Keyword
-
- Newspaper (12787)
- Education (10071)
- Psychology (7571)
- Student newspaper (6304)
- Higher education (5634)
-
- Spartan Daily (5330)
- Bowling Green State University (4869)
- Mental health (4828)
- Faculty (4465)
- Depression (4410)
- Students (4322)
- Humans (4206)
- Gender (4105)
- EIU (4030)
- History (4024)
- Newsletter (3953)
- Leadership (3902)
- Eastern Illinois University (3665)
- Daily Eastern News (3580)
- BG News (3568)
- Student Newspaper (3531)
- COVID-19 (3506)
- Children (3381)
- Women (3287)
- College student newspapers and periodicals (3232)
- Anxiety (3205)
- Stress (3191)
- Communication (3051)
- Student newspapers (3002)
- Newspapers (2934)
- Publication Year
-
- 2026 (22344)
- 2025 (32872)
- 2024 (32745)
- 2023 (32034)
- 2022 (32240)
-
- 2021 (32527)
- 2020 (30532)
- 2019 (30719)
- 2018 (28838)
- 2017 (28503)
- 2016 (27165)
- 2015 (25229)
- 2014 (23344)
- 2013 (22034)
- 2012 (21156)
- 2011 (18329)
- 2010 (16440)
- 2009 (15245)
- 2008 (13067)
- 2007 (12160)
- 2006 (11223)
- 2005 (10202)
- 2004 (9339)
- 2003 (9068)
- 2002 (8322)
- 2001 (7978)
- 2000 (8061)
- 1999 (7459)
- 1998 (7402)
- 1997 (7111)
- Publication
-
- Theses and Dissertations (22162)
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (12036)
- Dissertations (11419)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (11133)
- Faculty Publications (6738)
-
- Doctoral Dissertations and Projects (5848)
- Masters Theses (5782)
- Spartan Daily (School of Journalism and Mass Communications) (4939)
- Master's Theses (4885)
- Faculty Scholarship (4597)
- Theses (4404)
- USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations (3976)
- Montana Kaimin, 1898-present (3863)
- Honors Theses (3715)
- Graduate Theses and Dissertations (3626)
- BG News (Student Newspaper) (3602)
- Daily Mississippian (all digitized issues) (3558)
- Articles (3261)
- Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD) (3024)
- Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers (2797)
- Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD) (2655)
- Publications and Research (2615)
- Student Newspapers (2597)
- Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects (2556)
- Dissertations and Theses (2539)
- Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (2498)
- Theses Digitization Project (2425)
- Commencement Programs (2390)
- All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023 (2259)
- Open Access Dissertations (2203)
- Publication Type
Articles 75541 - 75570 of 791957
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Benefits Of A Community Reentry Intervention For Reentry Self-Efficacy In Homeless Shelter Residents With Past Incarceration, Kathryn E. Hurley
Benefits Of A Community Reentry Intervention For Reentry Self-Efficacy In Homeless Shelter Residents With Past Incarceration, Kathryn E. Hurley
Honors Theses
The U.S. has one of the highest levels of incarceration and recidivism in the world (American Civil Liberties Union, 2022; U.S. Department of Justice, n.d). Several factors contribute to recidivism, including the loss of monetary funds and loss of housing upon incarceration. Homelessness especially predicts recidivism. It has been found to increase the risk of recidivism by almost 50% (Jacobs & Gottlieb, 2020). Within the context of a long-term ongoing participatory community action research Project in homeless shelters (Reeb et al., 2024), this study examined the benefit of reentry support sessions within the homeless shelter environment, with an attempt to …
The Development And Initial Validation Of An Empathy Scale For Higher Education Instructors, Jennifer R. Bridenbaugh
The Development And Initial Validation Of An Empathy Scale For Higher Education Instructors, Jennifer R. Bridenbaugh
Dean's Leadership Council Library Research Prize
The relationship between a teacher and student can be an important part of student success, especially for students of higher education. One factor that may influence student outcomes is the level of empathy a teacher may demonstrate toward a student. Empathy is an important part of interpersonal relationships as it promotes a feeling or understanding of another’s emotions through taking on a different perspective. Empathy can also produce a response leading to altruistic behavior. According to some theoretical models the prosocial characteristic of empathy contributes to the social emotional competence (SEC) of a teacher or instructor. The higher the SEC …
Consideration For Expanding The Audiology Scope Of Practice To Include Prescription Medication Authority, Erin Grace Gill
Consideration For Expanding The Audiology Scope Of Practice To Include Prescription Medication Authority, Erin Grace Gill
Doctoral Scholarly Projects & Capstones
The demand for medical professionals rises in conjunction with the rise of prescriptions written annually in the United States, but there are not enough physicians to meet the demand for patient prescriptions (Mohamadloo et al., 2019). In the United States, 2.4 million healthcare visits for acute otitis externa were recorded in 2007; approximately half were between the ages of 5-14 years old. Healthcare providers were estimated to have spent about 600,000 hours treating acute otitis externa.
Prescriptive authority is the ability of healthcare providers to prescribe specific medications, including controlled substances. Prescriptive authority is legally allocated by federal and state …
Dementia Implications For Audiology: Cognitive Screening In Clinical Practice, Kelsey May Harris
Dementia Implications For Audiology: Cognitive Screening In Clinical Practice, Kelsey May Harris
Doctoral Scholarly Projects & Capstones
Dementia is a progressive, debilitating cognitive disorder recognized as one of the greatest challenges to global health in the 21st century. In recent years, dementia has gained significant importance in the international health agenda due to the increasing aging population, longer life expectancies, and the substantial socioeconomic burden. Global concern has led to increased efforts to understand, manage, and alleviate its impact. Considering the lack of curative treatments, dementia research and awareness campaigns have intensified with a focus on early detection, prevention strategies, and collaborative healthcare. Prevention has focused on identifying risk factors and modifiable aspects of lifestyle closely linked …
Enlivened Worship With The Divine: Evaluation And Innovative Application Of The Liturgical Arts For Worship Renewal, Nicole Sikora Gray
Enlivened Worship With The Divine: Evaluation And Innovative Application Of The Liturgical Arts For Worship Renewal, Nicole Sikora Gray
Doctor of Pastoral Music Projects and Theses
Liturgical arts are meaningful resources and vessels for reclaiming and renewing the storytelling abilities of dynamic worship. This thesis explores a strategic evaluation of liturgical arts through the foundational and relational subjects of theology, ritual studies, and liturgical theology. Through the Holy Spirit, liturgical arts have formative powers that lead congregations into a deeper meeting with God—sending them forth as renewed signposts of Christ’s transcendence. They provide the space where pain and brokenness meet hope and grace for the renewal of the world.
This thesis examines those powers in combination with a foundational and contextual evaluation to restore and apply …
“What Line Can’T Be Measured With A Ruler?” Riddles And Concept-Formation In Mathematics And Aesthetics, William H. Brenner, Samuel J. Wheeler
“What Line Can’T Be Measured With A Ruler?” Riddles And Concept-Formation In Mathematics And Aesthetics, William H. Brenner, Samuel J. Wheeler
Philosophy Faculty Publications
We analyze two problems in mathematics – the first (stated in our title) is extracted from Wittgenstein’s “Philosophy for Mathematicians”; the second (“What set of numbers is non-denumerable?”) is taken from Cantor. We then consider, by way of comparison, a problem in musical aesthetics concerning a Brahms variation on a theme by Haydn. Our aim is twofold: first, to bring out and elucidate the essentially riddle-like character of these problems; second, to show that the comparison with riddles does not reduce their solution to an exercise in bare subjectivity
Apparitions And Absences, John Curtis Bybee
Apparitions And Absences, John Curtis Bybee
2024 MFA Visual Arts
No abstract provided.
Library & Knowledge Services Newsletter - Spring 2024, Baystate Health Sciences Library
Library & Knowledge Services Newsletter - Spring 2024, Baystate Health Sciences Library
Library Newsletters
Library & Knowledge Services Newsletter - Spring 2024
Elizabeth Gibson Drinko Honors Convocation, Honors College
Elizabeth Gibson Drinko Honors Convocation, Honors College
Honors Convocation
The Elizabeth Gibson Drinko Honors Convocation Awards Program for Spring 2024, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia.
Healing (Full Issue)
Journal of Adventist Mission Studies
Jesus went throughout Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, proclaiming the good news of the kingdom, and healing every disease and sickness among the people. Matthew 4:23 (NIV)
Teenage Blues: Predictors Of Depression Among Adolescents In Nigeria, Adefunke Dadematthews, Chukwuemeka Nzeakah, Lucky Onofa, Oluwagbemiga Dadematthews, Temitope Ogundare
Teenage Blues: Predictors Of Depression Among Adolescents In Nigeria, Adefunke Dadematthews, Chukwuemeka Nzeakah, Lucky Onofa, Oluwagbemiga Dadematthews, Temitope Ogundare
Faculty Publications
Background Depressive disorders, with a prevalence of 15-21%, are among the most common disorders in children and adolescents, and increases the risk of suicide, the second leading cause of death in children aged 10 to 19. Aim To determine the prevalence and correlates of depressive disorders among senior students attending secondary schools in Abeokuta. Method The study was conducted in five schools randomly selected from a representative sample and was carried out in 2 phases. In the first phase, students were selected via systematic random sampling and given consent forms and GHQ-12 to administer to the parents. In the second …
Comparison Of Perceived Stress In First-Year Pre-Med Students And First-Year Medical Students At Usd, Maggie Derner
Comparison Of Perceived Stress In First-Year Pre-Med Students And First-Year Medical Students At Usd, Maggie Derner
Honors Thesis
Stress can be caused by many factors, including money, relationships, promotions, grades, and responsibilities. In college, these stressors can be exacerbated. This research dives into stress in both undergraduate students as well as medical students. Previous literature has indicated that high levels of stress are present in students, and it is likely to have negative effects on the students, whether that is their mental or physical well-being. Schools have put interventions in place to help combat the stress levels present in their students. At the University of South Dakota (USD) and USD Sanford School of Medicine (USD SSOM), perceived stress …
Bridging The Gap: Strategies For Enhancing Wic Participation Rates In South Dakota, Melissa K. Wyum
Bridging The Gap: Strategies For Enhancing Wic Participation Rates In South Dakota, Melissa K. Wyum
Honors Thesis
The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is a national program administered by the USDA to State agencies for low-income women and nutritionally at-risk infants and children. South Dakota WIC provides services related to breastfeeding, healthcare referrals, and accessibility/knowledge of nutritious foods. Successes of WIC include improved birth outcomes, decreased healthcare costs, regular immunization rates, establishment of a primary care provider, and improved nutrition status. Although WIC has shown positive health outcomes for mothers and children, the relationship between the barriers of WIC access and resulting health outcomes in South Dakota is unknown. According to the …
America’S Prison Systems: Beginning The Switch From Punitive To Rehabilitative, Sydney R. Clair
America’S Prison Systems: Beginning The Switch From Punitive To Rehabilitative, Sydney R. Clair
Honors Thesis
America has one of the highest rates of incarceration in the world, along with many issues that keep its inmate population and recidivism rates high. The current inmate population faces unique challenges as it disproportionally consists of racial minorities, those with mental illnesses, and nonviolent drug offenders. Correctional rehabilitative programing, while implemented with good intentions, lacks effectiveness. This is due to factors including institutional staffing mindset and minimal development to expand inmate programs. There is also a lack of overall access to drug and educational courses that are so greatly needed for the incarcerated population. The reentry process for inmates …
Russia In A Changing Climate, Debra Javeline, Robert Orttung, Graeme Robertson, Richard Arnold, Andrew Barnes, Laura Henry, Edward Holland, Mariya Omelicheva, Peter Rutland, Edward Schatz, Caress Schenk, Andrei Semenov, Valerie Sperling, Lisa Mcintosh Sundstrom, Mikhail Troitskiy, Judith Twigg, Susanne Wengle
Russia In A Changing Climate, Debra Javeline, Robert Orttung, Graeme Robertson, Richard Arnold, Andrew Barnes, Laura Henry, Edward Holland, Mariya Omelicheva, Peter Rutland, Edward Schatz, Caress Schenk, Andrei Semenov, Valerie Sperling, Lisa Mcintosh Sundstrom, Mikhail Troitskiy, Judith Twigg, Susanne Wengle
Political Science
Climate change will shape the future of Russia, and vice versa, regardless of who rules in the Kremlin. The world's largest country is warming faster than Earth as a whole, occupies more than half the Arctic Ocean coastline, and is waging a carbon-intensive war while increasingly isolated from the international community and its efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Officially, the Russian government argues that, as a major exporter of hydrocarbons, Russia benefits from maintaining global reliance on fossil fuels and from climate change itself, because warming may increase the extent and quality of its arable land, open a new …
A Fair Share: Effects Of Disparity, Allocation Strategy, And System Justification On Perceptions Of Policy Support In The Education Domain, David Igliozzi, Yael Granot, Victor Ottati
A Fair Share: Effects Of Disparity, Allocation Strategy, And System Justification On Perceptions Of Policy Support In The Education Domain, David Igliozzi, Yael Granot, Victor Ottati
Psychology: Faculty Publications
Utilizing experimental methods across a pilot and two studies, we explore and contrastt he relationship between system-justifying attitudes and fairness perceptions of and support for redistributive policies based on theoretical accounts of distributive justice, highlighting three allocation strategies: equality, equity and need. We began our investigation with a test across multiple policy domains (e.g., health care, education, employment) to examine broad associations between system justification and policy support. Then, we chose one specific domain – education – to narrow our focus on and designed two experimental studies to test more complex models of the interaction between system justification and the …
Evaluation Of Dietary Probiotic Supplements On Methamphetamine-Induced Impulsive Action In Rats Maintained On A Differential Reinforcement Of Low Rate Schedule, Kaitlyn Steck
Masters Theses
Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a chronic, debilitating condition often comorbid with anxiety and depression. Both SUD and affective disorders are characterized by cognitive dysfunction, including impaired decision-making and impulsivity. A mounting body of research implicates gut microbiome alterations as a contributing factor to the pathophysiology of affective disorders. No published studies have assessed behavioral effects of dietary interventions targeting psychostimulant-induced gut microbiome changes. The present study utilized a differential reinforcement of low rate responding schedule (DRL 18 s) as a behavioral index of drug-induced impulsive action to determine if a dietary probiotic supplement alters the behavioral effects of (+)-methamphetamine …
Teaching Classification Of Environmental Events In Narrative Abc Data Using Video-Based Behavioral Skills Training, Grace E. Sylvester
Teaching Classification Of Environmental Events In Narrative Abc Data Using Video-Based Behavioral Skills Training, Grace E. Sylvester
Masters Theses
Behavior analysts often conduct ABC assessments as part of a functional behavior assessment to develop a hypothesis about the function of behavior and to help guide further treatment decisions. Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessment is a descriptive assessment technique used to gather information about environmental events surrounding a specific behavioral event (i.e., antecedents and consequences). ABC assessment involves several analytical skills, including classifying antecedents and consequences. There is little to no research available on how to effectively train individuals how to classify environmental events within narrative ABC assessment. It is important that behavior analysts correctly classify events in ABC assessments to increase …
The Ideal Model For Countermeasures Of Sexual Violence In The Universities Environment, Airlangga Surya Nagara, Elisabeth Ayu Puspita Adi
The Ideal Model For Countermeasures Of Sexual Violence In The Universities Environment, Airlangga Surya Nagara, Elisabeth Ayu Puspita Adi
Indonesia Law Review
This Cases of sexual violence are rife, including in universities. Data compiled by Komnas Perempuan shows that during 2015-2021, out of 67 reported cases of sexual violence against women, 35 cases occurred in universities. To overcome this, the government has issued the PPKS Permendikbud, and the TPKS Law. In fact, the existence of these regulations has not had a significant impact. It is proven that in 2022, there were 49 reports of sexual violence in universities received by the Ministry of Education and Culture's PPKS Working Group. Even as of May 2023, reports regarding sexual violence in universities are still …
A Country Of Defiance: Mapping The Casamance In Senegal. By Mark W. Deets. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2023, Ezenwa E. Olumba
A Country Of Defiance: Mapping The Casamance In Senegal. By Mark W. Deets. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2023, Ezenwa E. Olumba
Journal of Strategic Security
No abstract provided.
Mmu: 04/01/24–04/07/24, Student Bar Association
Mmu: 04/01/24–04/07/24, Student Bar Association
Monday Morning Update
This Week @ NDLS
Mass Times
Commons Daily Menu
General Announcements
Refugees And The Eu: A Study Of The Preferential Treatment Of Ukrainian Refugees, Madelyn Cooper
Refugees And The Eu: A Study Of The Preferential Treatment Of Ukrainian Refugees, Madelyn Cooper
Richard T. Schellhase Essay Prize in Ethics
The war in Ukraine created one of the largest refugee crises in the world today, and the European Union has played a significant role in accepting these individuals into various Member States. The protection of Ukrainian refugees, or any refugee for the record, is important. However, the European Union has been more accepting and welcoming to Ukrainian refugees compared to refugees coming from other places, indicating potential biases of European Union policies and the othering of non-Ukrainian refugees. To study this, this paper will utilize a comparative case study of Ukrainian and Syrian refugees. The paper will compare these two …
Victor Hugo Was Right All Along: Les Misérables, The Tragedy Of A Punitive Parole System, And A Modern Path Forward, Sarah Gerwig
Victor Hugo Was Right All Along: Les Misérables, The Tragedy Of A Punitive Parole System, And A Modern Path Forward, Sarah Gerwig
Mercer Law Review
Les Misérables, Victor Hugo’s tragic novel, was published over 160 years ago and yet it continues to capture imaginations and sympathies worldwide. It was made into an award-winning film over a decade ago. But before that, Les Misérables was one of the most popular Broadway musicals ever produced, having been viewed by over sixty million people, even beyond the viewership of other popular renditions in film and television. Despite (or perhaps because of) its heartbreaking themes, audiences sympathize with the main characters’ quest for redemption. How easy, in the story, to see the struggles and barriers Jean Valjean encounters—and …
Sticks And Stones May Break My Bones, But Words Will Never Hurt Me. Or Will They? The Eleventh Circuit Expands The “Extreme Cruelty” Definition In 8 U.S.C. §1229b(B)(2) To Encompass Mental And Physical Abuse In Ruiz V. United States Attorney General, Sydnie N. Winter
Mercer Law Review
The Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), originally passed in 1994, was the first federal legislation acknowledging domestic violence as a crime. As part of this Act, Congress enacted 8 U.S.C. § 1229b(b)(2), a rule that allows battered spouses (or children) who are not citizens or nationals of the United States of America to seek the discretionary cancellation of the government’s removal of them from the country. The VAWA special-rule was enacted as a way to enable abuse victims to obtain discretionary deportation relief, allowing them to leave their abusers without fear of deportation or other immigration-related consequences. ...
The United …
Contributors - Intertext 2024, Intertext Front Matter
The Promise And Perils Of Tech Whistleblowing, Hannah Bloch-Wehba
The Promise And Perils Of Tech Whistleblowing, Hannah Bloch-Wehba
Faculty Scholarship
Whistleblowers and leakers wield significant influence in technology law and policy. On topics ranging from cybersecurity to free speech, tech whistleblowers spur congressional hearings, motivate the introduction of legislation, and animate critical press coverage of tech firms. But while scholars and policymakers have long called for transparency and accountability in the tech sector, they have overlooked the significance of individual disclosures by industry insiders—workers, employees, and volunteers—who leak information that firms would prefer to keep private.
This Article offers an account of the rise and influence of tech whistleblowing. Radical information asymmetries pervade tech law and policy. Firms exercise near-complete …
Congress's Untapped Authority To Certify U Visas, Elora Mukherjee, Fatma Marouf, Sabrineh Ardalan
Congress's Untapped Authority To Certify U Visas, Elora Mukherjee, Fatma Marouf, Sabrineh Ardalan
Faculty Scholarship
A crucial path to legal status for immigrant victims of crimes is the U visa, which Congress established with strong bipartisan support to protect victims of particular crimes who are helpful to law enforcement. Because the U visa was intended to encourage reporting of crimes, the application requires a certification form to be completed by a federal, state, or local authority that is investigating or prosecuting the alleged offense. Arbitrary and inconsistent certification decisions by state and local authorities make it especially important to identify relevant federal authorities that can serve as certifying authorities for U visas. This Piece argues …
Knowledge, Attitudes, And Patterns Of Antenatal Exercise Among A Sample Of Pregnant Women In Baghdad City/ 2020, Taif Hadi, Atheer Abdulameer
Knowledge, Attitudes, And Patterns Of Antenatal Exercise Among A Sample Of Pregnant Women In Baghdad City/ 2020, Taif Hadi, Atheer Abdulameer
Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal
BACKGROUND:Regular exercise is one of the main factors in promoting a healthy lifestyle. Numerous benefits accompany physical activity during pregnancy. It will reduce the risk of excessive gestational weight gain and conditions such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, preterm birth, varicose veins, and deep vein thrombosis.OBJECTIVE: To assess the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women regarding appropriate exercise during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, To describe the exercise patterns of these women during pregnancy, and to determine the factors that may be related to conducting an exercise during pregnancy.PATIENTS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at two …
External Vs Internal Lateral Osteotomy In Primary Open Rhinoplasty, Alyaa Obayes, Ragheed Miteab
External Vs Internal Lateral Osteotomy In Primary Open Rhinoplasty, Alyaa Obayes, Ragheed Miteab
Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal
BACKGROUND:osteotomies are commonly used in rhinoplasty to improve irregularities in the brow- tip aesthetic line and correct open roof deformities (diastasis of the nasal bones) associated with bony dorsum reduction. They can be performed laterally, medially, or intermediately. Lateral osteotomy could be done through either internal (endonasal) or external (percutaneous) approaches depending on surgeon preference and experience.OBJECTIVE:Is to compare results between internal and external lateral osteotomy in primary open rhinoplasty in regard to post-operative ecchymosis and edema, mucosal tear, Bone alignment and irregularities, nasal patency and Scaring in the external approach.PATIENTS AND METHODS:60 patients underwent primary open rhinoplasty in otorhinolaryngology …