Digital Commons Network^™

مدى انتشار ظاهرة التنمر الإلكتروني لدى طلاب المرحلة المتوسطة في المدارس الرسمية في بيروت, Zeinab H. Ismail ., Nehme Safa

Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية للبحوث في التعليم العالي

ركّز البحث على قضية مهمة وأساسية ومشكلة تربوية واجتماعية بالغة الخطورة، من خلال الكشف عن درجة انتشار سلوك التنمر الإلكتروني لدى طلاب المرحلة المتوسطة في المدارس الرسمية في مدينة بيروت. لذا هدفت الدراسة إلى تحديد نسبة انتشار التنمر الإلكتروني لدى هؤلاء الطلاب، وتحديد أكثر الأشكال استخداما، وكذلك الكشف عن حقيقة وجود فروق دالة إحصائيًّا بين متوسطي درجات الذّكور والإناث على مقياس سلوك التنمّر الإلكتروني. ومن أجل تحقيق هذه الغاية، اعتمدت الباحثة في بحثها على المنهج الوصفي وطبقت مقياس التنمر الإلكتروني على عينة عشوائية من 1152 طالبا وطالبة في المرحلة المتوسطة في المدارس الرسمية في بيروت. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أن …

الكفايات التدريسية لدى طلبة قسم التربية البدنية خلال فترة التدريب الميداني بجامعة قطر, Ayat Alshaer

Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية للبحوث في التعليم العالي

هدف المقال تحديد مستوى الكفايات التدريسية لدى طلبة قسم التربية البدنية خلال فترة التدريب الميداني، وتم استخدام المنهج الوصفي عن طريق الاستبانة كأداة لجمع المعلومات، حيث تشكلت عينة الدراسة من (52) طالباً وطالبة من المسجلين في مقرر التدريب الميداني خلال العام الدراسي 2023م في جامعة قطر. وتم خلال الدراسة تقييم مختلف الكفايات التدريسية بما في ذلك الكفايات المهنية وكفايات إدارة الفصل وكفايات التقييم. وأشارت النتائج إلى أن الطلاب يعتقدون أنهم يتمتعون بكفايات تدريسية عالية، بمتوسط حسابي بلغ (4.41) أما فيما يتعلق بالمجالات (كفايات إدارة الصف، الكفايات المهنية، كفايات التدريس للطالب المعلم بكلية التربية، وكفايات التقييم الصفي) فقد جاءت جميعها بدرجة …

إدارة الصراع التنظيمي وعلاقتها بالإبداع الإداري, Ola Ahmad Hmedoush, Ahmad H. Kartali, Youssef F. Shahin

Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية للبحوث في التعليم العالي

هدف البحث تعرف مستوى إدارة الصراع التنظيمي والإبداع الإداري في مدارس التعليم الثانوي في محافظة اللاذقية من وجهة نظر المديرين، ودراسة العلاقة بين إدارة الصراع التنظيمي والإبداع. وتعرف الفروق بين متوسطات درجات العينة على الاستبانة تبعاً لمتغيري عدد سنوات الخبرة والمؤهل العلمي، واستخدم المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتكونت العينة من (150) مديراً ومديرة من مديري المدارس الثانوية في محافظة اللاذقية، واستخدمت استبانة مكونة من (24) بنداً موزعة في محورين، وتوصل البحث إلى أن مستوى إدارة الصراع التنظيمي والإبداع الإداري في مدارس المرحلة الثانوية في محافظة اللاذقية من وجهة نظر المديرين كان متوسطاً. وتوجد علاقة طردية قوية ذات دلالة إحصائية بين إدارة …

العزلة الاجتماعية وعلاقتها بالأفكار اللاعقلانية لدى طلبة المدارس, Feras Qurit'e Al-Jobour, Ali Abdullah Al-Hourani

Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية للبحوث في التعليم العالي

هدفت الدّراسة إلى الكشف عن مستوى كل من العزلة الاجتماعية والأفكار اللاعقلانية، والعلاقة بينهما لدى طلبة المدارس. اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي، وتكوّنت عيّنة الدّراسة من (831) طالباً وطالبة (476 طالباً و 355 طالبة)، تم اختيارهم بالطّريقة المُتيسرة في الفصل الدراسي الثاني للعام الدراسي (2023/2022)م. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة؛ جرى استخدام مقياس العزلة الاجتماعية ومقياس الأفكار اللاعقلانية اللذين أعدا لغايات هذه الدراسة، بعد التحقق من صدقهما وثباتهما. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن مستوى كل من العزلة الاجتماعية والأفكار اللاعقلانية جاء متوسطاً، وأن هناك علاقة ارتباطية موجبة دالة إحصائياً بينهما. كما أظهرت النتائج أيضاً عدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائياً في مستوى كل …

الذكاء العاطفي والنمو الأخلاقي والتحصيل الأكاديمي: دراسة ارتباطية لدى طلبة المرحلة الثانوية في مدارس قصبة عمان, Lana Zuhair Reyal

Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية للبحوث في التعليم العالي

هدفت الدراسة الحالية التعرف إلى العلاقة بين الذكاء العاطفي والنمو الأخلاقي والتحصيل الأكاديمي: دراسة ارتباطية لدى طلبة المرحلة الثانوية في مدارس قصبة عمان، واستخدم المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي لملاءمته أغراض الدراسة، وتم اختيار عينة الدراسة بالطريقة العشوائية البسيطة من طلبة المرحلة الثانوية والبالغ عددهم (384) طالباً وطالبة، وتبين من خلال النتائج أن مستوى الذكاء العاطفي والنمو الأخلاقي، والتحصيل الأكاديمي مرتفع المستوى لدى طلبة المرحلة الثانوية في مدارس قصبة عمان. وأظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة إيجابية طردية ذات دلالة إحصائية بين الذكاء العاطفي والنمو الأخلاقي والتحصيل الأكاديمي لدى طلبة المرحلة الثانوية في مدارس قصبة عمان، وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة تضمين الذكاء العاطفي في البرامج …

أنماط التعلق كمنبئات بازدواجية التعبير الانفعالي لدى طلبة جامعة بغداد, Muawiyah Abu Ghazal, Riyam Mohammed Dawood

Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية للبحوث في التعليم العالي

هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن القدرة التنبؤية لأنماط التعلق بازدواجية التعبير الانفعالي لدى طلبة جامعة بغداد، وفيما إذا كانت هنالك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في مستوى ازدواجية التعبير الانفعالي تعزى لمتغيري الجنس، والتخصص. تكونت عينة الدراسة من (400) طالب وطالبة من طلبة جامعة بغداد، خلال العام الدراسي 2023/2024، وقد اختيروا بالطريقة الميسرة. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم اعتماد مقياس ازدواجية التعبير الانفعالي لـ كنج وأمونس (King & Emmons, 1990)، ومقياس أنماط التعلق لدى الراشدين الذي طوره أبو غزال وجرادات (2009)، بعد التأكد من صدقها وثباتها. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة ان طلبة جامعة بغداد لديهم ازدواجية التعبير الانفعالي بدرجة متوسطة، في حين لم …

السايبركوندريا وعلاقتها بأعراض اضطراب التشوه الوهمي للجسم لدى طلبة جامعة اليرموك, Ali Saleh Jarwan, Sondus I. Al-Abbasi

Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية للبحوث في التعليم العالي

هدف المقال الكشف عن السايبركوندريا وعلاقتها بأعراض اضطراب التشوه الوهمي للجسم لدى طلبة جامعة اليرموك، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (692) طالبًا وطالبة، اختيروا بالطريقة المتيسرة. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن مستوى السايبركوندريا لدى طلبة جامعة اليرموك متوسط، ووجود فرق دال إحصائيًا في تقديرات أفراد عينة الدراسة لمستوى السايبركوندريا في الأبعاد جميعها تبعًا لمتغير الجنس لصالح الإناث، وفرق دال إحصائيًا في الأبعاد جميعها باستثناء بُعد عدم الثقة تبعًا لمتغير المعدل التراكمي لصالح جيد فما دون، وعدم وجود فرق دال إحصائيًا في الأبعاد جميعها تبعًا لمتغير الكلية. وأشارت النتائج إلى أن مستوى أعراض اضطراب التشوه الوهمي للجسم لدى طلبة جامعة اليرموك منخفض، وعدم …

فاعلية المهارات البيولوجية لدى النساء الاردنيات وعلاقتها بالإعداد والتطوير القيادي: مدخل القيادة النسوية, Maysoon Issa Alsaleem

Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية للبحوث في التعليم العالي

هدف المقال إلى بيان مدى فاعلية المهارات البيولوجية لدى القيادات النسائية واختبار العلاقة بين تفعيل هذه المهارات وإعداد وتطوير القيادات النسائية في المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية، باستخدام مقياس CEPIC-HERO الذي استحدثته الباحثة. اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، حيث أظهرت النتائج أن تفعيل المهارات البيولوجية لدى القيادات النسائية يتراوح بين المتوسط والمنخفض جدًا، حيث كانت مهارة المرونة هي الأعلى تفعيلًا بدرجة متوسطة، وأقلها مهارة توظيف الهرمونات بدرجة منخفضة جدًا. كما بينت النتائج وجود علاقة طردية متوسطة بين تفعيل المهارات البيولوجية وإعداد وتطوير القيادات النسائية، حيث يفسر تفعيل هذه المهارات 57% من التغيير الحاصل في إعداد وتطوير القيادات، والنسبة المتبقية (43%) تعود …

Eng 4904-600 Studies In Film, Robert Martinez

Summer 2025

No abstract provided.

Virtual Dignitary Torts, Zahra Takhshid

Sturm College of Law: Faculty Scholarship

The emergence of the metaverse and spatial computing, which has enabled immersive digital interactions, raise complex legal questions. This work examines the feasibility of addressing dignitary torts-such as battery and intentional infliction of emotional distress-committed via avatars. The particular challenge for tort law is the nonphysical nature of selfrepresentations in these virtual spaces. Drawing from the historical evolutions of several dignitary torts, such as the law of battery and emotional harm, this article argues that the key in allowing for the recognition of such harms is appreciating the expansion of the protection of physical body within these torts, to the …

“They Don’T Want Us Anywhere”: The Impact Of Anti-Homelessness Laws On Unsheltered Residents Of Fort Worth, Texas, Brie Diamond

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Access to public space is not afforded equally amongst the population. Often, the people who must spend most of their time in these spaces, people experiencing homelessness, are barred by local or state law from being there. Fort Worth, Texas, implemented a camping ban in 2019 that prohibits camping on public or private property. This article explores the impact of this ban on unsheltered people experiencing homelessness using semi-structured interviews with 18 people residing in encampments across the city. The findings document the tangible and existential losses endured by this group and the impact on the perception of their place …

Campaigning For Change: How State-Level Groups Advocate For Legislative Sexual Offense Reform, Jennifer L. Wooldridge, Danielle J. S. Bailey, Stephanie Taulli

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"In the criminal justice field, advocacy groups work to better the circumstances for specific groups of people facing perceived injustice. While some advocacy groups have been studied extensively, one type of group – sexual offense reform advocates – has been understudied. This is particularly problematic due to stigmatization and legislative differences in how individuals convicted of sex crimes are supervised compared those convicted of non-sexual offenses. These post-conviction differences make it necessary to better understand these advocacy groups and their processes when fighting for public policy change. The current study examines qualitative interviews conducted with affiliates of a national organization …

Complexities Of Appellate Law: Experiences And Perspectives Of Utah Indigent Appellate Attorneys, Whitney Howey, Stephanie Kathan, Jeremiah W. Jaggers, Chris Cambron

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Indigent appellate attorneys experience high stress due to their unique roles and responsibilities. Very little scientific research examines the lives and experiences of attorneys in the workplace. Characterizing and describing the variety of complexities and challenges Utah appellate attorneys face within their work provides information towards filling the profession’s gaps, stressors, and occupational needs. A sample of five Utah appellate attorneys were interviewed to better understand their perspectives and experiences in the workplace. We used thematic analysis to identify themes related to Utah appellate attorney experiences and perspectives. We identified four major themes from the data, including Personal approach, Working …

Lawrence University One Hundred Seventy-Sixth Commencement, Sunday, June 15, 2025, Lawrence University

Commencement Programs

No abstract provided.

Puppycide By Gavel: How The Judiciary Uses The Police Killing Of Dogs To Reinforce Justifications For Police Violence, Jeremy J. Smith

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Police discharge their firearms more often at dogs than humans, and as a profession, kill thousands of dogs every year. The number of dogs killed by police during these encounters has government officials declaring that an “epidemic” is occurring within policing itself, with some commentators referring to this trend as “puppycide” or “canicide.” The purpose of this article is to examine how the judiciary rationalizes canicide, or the police killing of dogs, and the role canicide plays in the justification of police violence. To do this, the article provides a sociolegal and ethnographic content analysis of federal court cases and …

How Do Montessori-Based Activities Affect Behaviors For Older People With Dementia: A Literature Review, Isabel Quigley

University Honors Theses

Objectives: This literature review is meant to analyze the development on the research on Montessori-based activities for adults with dementia.

Introduction: Baby Boomers are the largest generation to enter senior age (65+) in history due to the advancement in medicine to increase life expectancy. Dementia is a neurocognitive disease that affects parts of the brain related to memory and signs typically surface around 65 years old. Dementia is not considered healthy aging. Montessori-based activities have been recently developed as an intervention to encourage a feeling of accomplishment and success for adults with dementia.

Methods: Two electronic databases …

Testing Their Limits: Impact And Intentions Of Standardized Testing In K-12 Schools, Grace O. Herd

University Honors Theses

The integration of High-Stakes standardized testing into U.S. public education to serve as an accountability system has been a disputed issue since the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) mandated these assessments nationwide in 2002. NCLB aimed to locate and identify schools failing to reach Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) and trigger a chain of interventions based on student performance, as an effort to track measurable outcomes from federal education funding. While supporters view these standardized tests as quantifiable data for school effectiveness in academics, critics challenge the claim of validity.

This review integrates current psychological research in the area of …

The Potential For Improv As A Therapeutic Tool In The Context Of Dialectical Behavior Therapy: Suggestions For Dbt Clinicians, Jocelyn Borden

University Honors Theses

This thesis explores the theoretical and practical intersections between improvisational theater and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), proposing that the core tenets of improv closely align with the philosophical foundation and therapeutic goals of DBT. Aimed at mental health professionals, this work provides a conceptual framework and praxis for incorporating improv-based activities into DBT skills training to enhance client engagement, experiential learning, and emotional resilience. Through an examination of improv theory, parallels with DBT principles, and practical suggestions for integration, the thesis outlines how applied improvisation can be used as a supplemental tool in traditional DBT treatment. The final section includes …

Working Paper No. 102, Knowledge And Power: Towards Anintellectual Biography Of Michel Foucault, Amanda Bergeson

Working Papers in Economics

This inquiry seeks to establish that in his efforts as an intellectual, scholar, and author of books that would include Discipline and Punish [1975], Michel Foucault emphasizes the importance of power and power relations, especially of an authority (such as a sovereign) over the common people. Drawing from Discipline and Punish [1975], this inquiry considers how Foucault’s understanding of genealogy got rooted and shaped by Friedrich Nietzsche’s critique of history; a view which altogether challenged the idea of historical progress, while also revealing the contingent nature of truth. The second section considers how sovereign power evolves into disciplinary mechanisms embedded …

Beyond Capitalist Realism: Indigenous Worldviews As Critique And Alternative, Celine Jessup

University Honors Theses

This paper engages Mark Fisher's Capitalist Realism: Is There No Alternative? as a foundational critique of late capitalism's ideological dominance, and proposes Indigenous worldviews as both a critical lens and a generative alternative. Fisher defines capitalist realism as a pervasive structure that colonizes imagination, depoliticizes systemic crises, and renders other ways of living unthinkable. He illustrates how capitalism commodifies resistance, pathologizes dissent, and obscures accountability, particularly through institutions like the call center and discourses on mental health and climate change. In contrast, the paper turns to Indigenous political theories—drawing on thinkers such as Kim TallBear, Daniel Heath Justice, Ocean Ripeka …

Continuum Of Academic Collaboration: Issues Of Inconsistent Terminology In Multilingual Context, Cristo Leon Ph.D., James Lipuma Ph.D., Marcos O. Cabobianco, Maria B. Daizo

STEM for Success Resources

Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics
1690-4524 (Online)

First Opinions, Second Reactions: A Collection Of Innovative Online Reviews Of Literature For Children And Young Adults, Janet Alsup, Christy Wessel-Powell

Purdue University Press Books

First Opinions, Second Reactions: A Collection of Innovative Online Reviews of Literature for Children and Young Adults features selected pieces from the journal First Opinions, Second Reactions, which reviews children’s and young adult books. The journal, and this book, consist of reviews of books written by scholars of children’s and YA literature, followed up with responses from those who share the books with their intended audiences—children and teens. The editors have selected twelve issues classified under four thematic categories (social and political issues; diversity and inclusion; identification and empathy; and genre study) to represent the depth and breadth of …

Self-Representation In Manga: The Importance Of Gay & Lesbian Visibility In Japanese Society, Rylan Newsom

University Honors Theses

This thesis examines the evolving landscape of gay and lesbian self-representation in Japanese manga through a hermeneutic analysis of three key texts: My Lesbian Experience with Loneliness by Kabi Nagata, and My Brother's Husband and Our Colors by Gengoroh Tagame. It investigates how manga functions not only as a storytelling medium but as a sociocultural mirror, uniquely positioned to illuminate the often-invisible negotiations of identity, shame, and social position that queer individuals experience in Japan. Through the lens of Takie Lebra's concept of bun (role or place in society), this project explores the ways in which queer characters seek legitimacy, …

Translating Legalese: Deconstructing Lease Language For New Renters, Erin Clarke

University Honors Theses

This thesis investigates the relationship between legal English and the general public, focusing on the challenges laypersons encounter in reading contract language. By examining specific linguistic features of legal writing, along with the systems and practices of US law, this research highlights the problematic disconnect between the complexity of legalese and the fluency level of average citizens in this specialized variety of English. This issue is particularly salient in the realm of rental agreements for housing, given the mounting housing crisis and historically high eviction rates in the state of Oregon. The culmination of this research is a digital guidebook …

The Correlation Of Trauma-Informed Classrooms Without Support Infrastructure And Teacher Burnout, Sunshine O'Connor

University Honors Theses

This thesis examines the impact of Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) implementation in classrooms on teacher burnout, specifically focusing on settings with insufficient support infrastructure. While TIC is recognized as beneficial for all students, not just students affected by trauma, a synthesis of scholarly literature highlights the significant challenges faced by educators when proper resources, training, and institutional backing are lacking. Existing research indicates that teachers implementing TIC in inadequately supported environments report higher levels of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and overall burnout. These challenges appear most acute for teachers in schools with limited professional development, insufficient mental health resources, and weak administrative …

Virtual Versus In-Person Rose Program (La Luz) As Universal Prevention For Perinatal Depression: Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial In A Safety Net Hospital, Daphne Y. Liu, Nicholas S. Perry, Catherine H. Demers, Jennifer S. Hyer, Anely Alamo, Paige Vuksanovich, Nandi Dube, Erin R. Flanagan, Robert J. Gallop, Galena K. Rhoades, Elysia Poggi Davis

Psychology: Faculty Scholarship

Perinatal depression disproportionally affects underserved communities, who need effective and accessible prevention programs. Reach Out, Stay strong, Essentials for new mothers (ROSE) has demonstrated effectiveness in preventing postpartum depression in underserved populations when delivered in person. This ongoing randomized controlled trial (RCT) tests the novel virtual implementation of ROSE as universal prevention in a Federally Qualified Health Center setting. We adopted the name, La Luz, for ROSE to be culturally relevant to our population. Pregnant individuals < 30 gestational weeks (target N = 900) are randomized to either the virtual or in-person La Luz program, which consists of four 90-min group sessions. Groups are offered in English and Spanish, based on participants' preference. Participants complete surveys at seven timepoints: before program, 28 gestational weeks, 35 gestational weeks, and 6-weeks, 3-months, 6-months, and 12-months postpartum. Primary outcomes are postpartum depression severity measured by the 20-item Symptom Checklist (SCL-20) and 10-item Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). We will perform intent-to-treat analysis to test whether virtual La Luz is non-inferior to in-person La Luz. This study also evaluates implementation process and outcomes of both modalities of La Luz to inform the development of an implementation toolkit. This RCT contributes to our knowledge of perinatal depression prevention and addresses access barriers for underserved populations. If effectiveness of virtual La Luz is demonstrated, the new evidence for a scalable low-cost prevention can be used to reduce perinatal depression and offer accessible treatment options for people who face significant barriers to care.

Expansively Framing Mathematics And Computer Science Teaching With Digital Technology In Elementary Classrooms, Kimberly E. Beck, Jessica F. Shumway, Patrick Ocran, Jody Clarke-Midura, Mimi Recker

Publications

Expansive Framing (EF) is a theory and an instructional technique to facilitate connections between content and contexts. We employed EF as an approach to create a series of integrated mathematics and computer science (CS) lessons, using digital technology as a tool to leverage shared mathematical and computational ideas. We used deductive theoretical qualitative analysis of transcripts of classroom implementations to investigate how two fifth-grade teachers and one computer lab paraprofessional educator used EF during their teaching and what the EF approach looked like in practice. Findings suggested that educators engaged in EF principles when they were present in curricular materials, …

Psychological Loneliness Among Widows In Baghdad Governorate, Mohammed Ahmed Abdullah Salim Al-Fayyadh

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The current research addressed an important concept, which is the feeling of psychological loneliness among widows. The aim of the research was to measure psychological loneliness among widows in Baghdad Governorate, as well as to identify the significance of differences among widows according to the variable (I work - I do not work) and to measure the significance of differences in the feeling of psychological loneliness among widows according to the variable of the number of children. To achieve the objectives, the researcher adopted the psychological loneliness scale of the researcher Wafaa Hussein Khuwaiter from Palestine. The researcher built this …

Traumatic Childhood Experiences In Middle-School Adolescents, Zainab Abdullah, Hassan Ali Al-Sayed

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The current research aims to: • Identify the painful childhood experiences among adolescents. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach for the current study, which was conducted on a sample of middle school adolescents in Baghdad. The researcher used the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) tool, developed by (Felitti, et al, 1998), and later modified by the Gulf Research Center (BARC). This tool consists of 19 items related to painful childhood experiences, with responses recorded as "Yes" or "No." Additionally, the Impact Measure (IE-S), consisting of 22 items distributed across three subscales (avoidance, intrusion, and physical responses), was utilized. The responses were …

Development Of Children's Understanding Of Conflict Resolution, Noor Rafe’ Muhammed, Intisar Hashem Mahdi

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

Childhood is one of the most important stages in a person's life, as the first personality traits are formed and the basic building blocks for mental, social, and emotional growth are laid. Hence, studying how children acquire concepts is a very important topic, so our research came to present one of these concepts, as the research topic aims to understand conflict resolution for Iraqi children, and aims to identify: 1. Understanding conflict resolution according to the variables: A. Age (5, 6, 7( B. Gender (males, females( 2. Identifying the significance of differences according to the variables: A. Age (5, 6, …