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Locker Room To The Classroom, Bert Wicks Aug 2026

Locker Room To The Classroom, Bert Wicks

Masters Theses

This thesis sought to explore the feasibility of using graduated collegiate athletes to supplement teaching populations to mitigate the teaching shortage in America. The researcher interviewed five professionals in education and five current college athletes to assist in answering two research questions. What are the perceptions of school administrators regarding the employment of former collegiate athletes as public-school teachers, in comparison to educators with formal academic training in education, and what are the attitudes of current and former collegiate athletes on the prospects of pursuing careers in public school teaching relative to employment opportunities aligned with their academic major were …


Staff Education To Nurses On Trauma-Informed Care, Lorna Sackey Aug 2026

Staff Education To Nurses On Trauma-Informed Care, Lorna Sackey

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Many nurses receive little formal instruction about trauma-informed principles and their practical application in behavioral health settings. To address this practice gap, the project implemented a staff education program for staff at an intensive outpatient program (IOP) and a partial hospitalization program (PHP) located in a northeastern state. The aim was to increase staff knowledge and confidence in trauma-informed principles within clinical practice. The education program emphasized the relevance of trauma-informed care (TIC) in outpatient behavioral health settings, its principles, and its application in nursing assessments, therapeutic communication, and patient interactions. A pretest and posttest questionnaire consisted of 12 multiple-choice …


Exploration Of Black American Women's Lived Experiences With Structural Barriers In Human Resource Leadership Positions, Joyce Chimeziem Diala Aug 2026

Exploration Of Black American Women's Lived Experiences With Structural Barriers In Human Resource Leadership Positions, Joyce Chimeziem Diala

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Black American women’s marginalization in leadership roles, including in human resources (HR), remains a significant concern in U.S. workplaces. Organizations need to understand this concern as a leading indicator of systemic workplace barriers that may restrict opportunities for leadership advancement for Black American women and hinder organizational diversity efforts. The specific research problem was the limited understanding of the lived experiences of Black American women who face structural barriers to advancement in HR leadership positions. The purpose of this qualitative interpretative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of Black American women in HR leadership positions. This study was …


Understanding Relapse And The Correlation With Group Counseling Accountability, Attendance, And Attitudes, Willie Sanders Aug 2026

Understanding Relapse And The Correlation With Group Counseling Accountability, Attendance, And Attitudes, Willie Sanders

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Substance abuse continues to create significant personal, family, and legal challenges, yet limited research exists on mandated clients receiving counseling within rural municipal court systems. Studying factors associated with relapse allows counselors and counselor educators to develop interventions to prevent relapse and improve treatment outcomes. The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate the relationship between group counseling attributes of attendance, accountability, attitudes and the level of relapse rates among rural municipal court clients in Columbus, Mississippi, as measured by the DEF, Subtle, Face Valid Alcohol, Face Valid Other Drugs, and the OAT Scales of the SASSI-4 Assessment. Theoretical …


Secondary English Teachers' Experiences Related To Instructional Communication With Their Students In A Southeastern State: A Phenomenology, Toye L. Wheeler Aug 2026

Secondary English Teachers' Experiences Related To Instructional Communication With Their Students In A Southeastern State: A Phenomenology, Toye L. Wheeler

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to explore secondary English teachers’ experiences related to instructional communication with their students in a southeastern state. Guided by Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, the study examined how teachers perceive, experience, and navigate communication within contemporary secondary English classrooms. Participants included 10 secondary English teachers from two public high schools who had at least three years of teaching experience and worked with diverse student populations. Data were collected through open-ended questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups and were analyzed using phenomenological reduction, including epoché and horizontalization. Five themes emerged from the analysis: the varied …


Faith, Function, Formality: Integrating Gospel Vocal Techniques Into Western Classical Pedagogy, Korwind Z. Stokes Aug 2026

Faith, Function, Formality: Integrating Gospel Vocal Techniques Into Western Classical Pedagogy, Korwind Z. Stokes

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This applied qualitative case study explored the integration of gospel-derived vocal techniques within Western classical choral pedagogy in a secondary music education setting. The study addressed a gap in music education literature concerning the intentional use of gospel-derived vocal practices as pedagogical resources within formal secondary choral instruction. Guided primarily by constructivist learning theory and informed by culturally responsive teaching, the study examined how students’ prior musical experiences could serve as a foundation for learning Western classical vocal concepts. The study was conducted within a public high school choral program and focused on the intentional incorporation of gospel-derived techniques during …


The Recurring Motif Of The Sexualization Of Women Within The Biblical Narratives And The Accompanied Theme Of The Providence Of God, Joseph S. Bernath Aug 2026

The Recurring Motif Of The Sexualization Of Women Within The Biblical Narratives And The Accompanied Theme Of The Providence Of God, Joseph S. Bernath

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This research project seeks to inform others on how selected women of the Bible, those of the Old and New Testament, may have made wrong choices regarding sexualization, whether it be prostitution, infertility, or adultery, that the plan of God did not deter from their lives—within the Old Testament God used a multitude of family dysfunctions to carry out His plan to bring about the Messiah, Jesus Christ. In the New Testament, it was to further the Kingdom of God.

In the gospels, Jesus had a heart for women who had been involved in sexual situations of some kind, and …


Exploring The Impact Of Spiritual Fitness On Combat Veterans In Their Recovery From Ptsd, Chronic Pain, And Sleep-Related Impairments, Minnette Danielle Sandoval Cornish Aug 2026

Exploring The Impact Of Spiritual Fitness On Combat Veterans In Their Recovery From Ptsd, Chronic Pain, And Sleep-Related Impairments, Minnette Danielle Sandoval Cornish

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore how combat veterans utilize and perceive spiritual practices in their recovery from PTSD chronic pain, and sleep-related impairments (SRIs). Guided by Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 2017) the study sought to understand which spiritual practices combat veterans used, how they incorporated the practice into recovery, and how they perceived the impact of those practices in managing their symptoms. Participants included 13 combat veterans who self-identified as using spiritual practices in their recovery from PTSD, chronic pain, and SRIs. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and a focus group. Interview and focus …


The Influential Integration Of Emotional Intelligence And Discipleship: A Thesis For The Degree Of Doctor Of Ministry, Shawna R. Willis Aug 2026

The Influential Integration Of Emotional Intelligence And Discipleship: A Thesis For The Degree Of Doctor Of Ministry, Shawna R. Willis

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The end goal of this research was to create a training guide manual that integrates discipleship and emotional intelligence to introduce and educate believers on how God made them through the collation of three well-known emotional intelligence tools: temperament, personality, and skill strengths. The three validated assessments were Arno Profile Assessment from the National Christian Counseling Association, Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, and Gallup StrengthsFinder©. Participants completed five steps of intervention design that aimed to increase emotional intelligence with a final step of training that taught biblical tools and Scripture resources to manage emotions, make godly relational choices, and apply towards discipleship. …


Appropriate Modified Instruction Benefits Autistic Spectrum Disorder Students In Instrumental Music Education: A Instrumental Case Study, Ian Lee Mitchell Aug 2026

Appropriate Modified Instruction Benefits Autistic Spectrum Disorder Students In Instrumental Music Education: A Instrumental Case Study, Ian Lee Mitchell

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

There are still limited studies in music education with published documentation for autism, despite growth over the last ten years in educational research on autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Teachers have received limited preparation and training for students with special needs, including those with autism. Many teachers ask which specific teaching strategies produce positive learning outcomes in instrumental music that align with the curriculum's educational goals, standards, and objectives for students with ASD. The qualitative instrumental case study documents educational outcomes resulting from intervention strategies for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in music classrooms through video modeling and computer-assisted learning. …


Barriers And Benefits Of Trauma-Informed Practices: A Phenomenological Study Of K -12 Central Mississippi Educators In Predominantly Minority Rural School Districts, Melissa M. Barney Aug 2026

Barriers And Benefits Of Trauma-Informed Practices: A Phenomenological Study Of K -12 Central Mississippi Educators In Predominantly Minority Rural School Districts, Melissa M. Barney

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Adverse childhood experiences and trauma vulnerability among K-12 students in rural areas, low income, and ethnically diverse communities highlight need for school-based early interventions through trauma-informed practices. However, many educators lack adequate trauma training to manage student trauma. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study is to examine the barriers and benefits of trauma informed practices in five rural Mississippi school districts serving predominately historically marginalized African American and Latinx low-income students. Guided by Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory, this study explores how cultural norms, community dynamics and school policies contribute to trauma exposure, educator responses, and policy implementation, as …


Exploring The Influence Of Organizational Leadership On The Educational Experiences Of Impoverished Urban Children: A Transcendental Phenomenological Study, Tanmai Talari Pena Aug 2026

Exploring The Influence Of Organizational Leadership On The Educational Experiences Of Impoverished Urban Children: A Transcendental Phenomenological Study, Tanmai Talari Pena

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological case study was to understand the educational experiences of impoverished urban children as perceived and addressed by school administrators in a K–12 school within the United States. The theory guiding this study was Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory, which emphasizes the importance of social interaction, cultural context, and community in shaping learning and development, and aligns with the study’s focus on how educational leaders interpret and respond to the needs of marginalized student populations. The central research question guiding this study was: How do school administrators perceive and address the educational experiences of impoverished urban children …


The Paradox Of Fear In Scripture: Humanity’S Fear Encounters The Fear Of The Lord, Denise K. Travanti Aug 2026

The Paradox Of Fear In Scripture: Humanity’S Fear Encounters The Fear Of The Lord, Denise K. Travanti

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This research portrays a biblical theology of God’s presence in response to humanity’s natural fear when people are engaged in relationship with him. The Bible is framed with God dwelling with people and the absence of fear at the beginning of their existence and at the end of time in the new heaven and new earth. Fear arrives in the garden with Adam and Eve’s choice for autonomy and their relationship with God, and thus his presence, undergoes a change. From Moses through the Writings and the Prophets, then through the apostles’ experiences conveyed in the Epistles, the reality of …


Rural Veterans And Telemental Health: A Qualitative Descriptive Study, Raymond D. Herr Aug 2026

Rural Veterans And Telemental Health: A Qualitative Descriptive Study, Raymond D. Herr

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore how rural veterans in northern Florida and southern Alabama described their reasons for not using telemental health services to address their mental health issues and how technology use influenced their decisions. The study was informed by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), which identifies factors associated with technology acceptance and use, and was grounded in a patient-centered axiological framework. The study included 12 rural veterans who had either never used or had discontinued telemental health services. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and focus groups and …


Navigating Mental Health Stigma And Disclosure Among Black Males On Social Media: A Qualitative Study Guided By Stigma Management Communication Theory, Kendall Brown Aug 2026

Navigating Mental Health Stigma And Disclosure Among Black Males On Social Media: A Qualitative Study Guided By Stigma Management Communication Theory, Kendall Brown

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Mental health stigma in the Black male community is a significant topic worth further investigation within the field of communication. Few current studies go into depth on the subject of mental health stigma, with the aim of understanding how communication is impacted by stigma. This work fills that gap. This qualitative research study sought to explicate the varied strategies employed by Black males when navigating disclosure in social media spaces. Stigma management communication theory is the guiding theory used to illuminate the communication choices made by Black males that shape their experiences. Factors such as racism, historical medical maltreatment, and …


Implementation Of Staff Education To Reduce Or Prevent Pressure Injury, Beverley A. Moses Aug 2026

Implementation Of Staff Education To Reduce Or Prevent Pressure Injury, Beverley A. Moses

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Pressure injuries (PIs) present a significant clinical challenge in healthcare settings, particularly among patients with limited mobility, comorbidities, and complex musculoskeletal injuries. These injuries lead to adverse patient outcomes, such as increased morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, and an increase in healthcare costs. Despite advancements in clinical practice, PI prevention remains a critical area for quality improvement, necessitating a standardized, patient-centered approach to care. This Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project aimed to improve patient outcomes by implementing a standardized educational initiative for nursing staff in a bone and joint unit at a private hospital in Upstate New York. The project …


Leadership And Emotional Well-Being: A Qualitative Case Study In Higher Education, Qasem Varzideh Aug 2026

Leadership And Emotional Well-Being: A Qualitative Case Study In Higher Education, Qasem Varzideh

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The emotional well-being of tenured faculty members, which can include stress levels, job satisfaction, morale, and mental health, has been shown to directly influence faculty retention, student outcomes, and institutional performance. Despite the considerable body of research on leadership and faculty well-being, few studies focus specifically on how leadership practices and administrative policies influence the emotional well-being of tenured faculty members at public colleges. This qualitative single-case study examined the impact of institutional leadership practices and administrative policies on the emotional well-being of tenured faculty members at a large, multi-campus, publicly funded college in the Southeastern United States. The study …


For Love Or Green Card: Exploring Intermarriage Experiences Of African American Women To West African Men In The First Decade Of Midlife From A Historical, Cultural, And Psychosocial Perspective, Kelley Owusu Asante Aug 2026

For Love Or Green Card: Exploring Intermarriage Experiences Of African American Women To West African Men In The First Decade Of Midlife From A Historical, Cultural, And Psychosocial Perspective, Kelley Owusu Asante

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This transcendental phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of African American women who married West African men during the first decade of midlife. It investigated the historical, cultural, and psychosocial factors that shaped the women’s perceptions and experiences of intermarriage. The guiding theories were social exchange theory, competitive market theory, marital paradigm theory, and sex ratio imbalance theory. Social exchange theory, developed by George C. Homans in 1958, provided a framework linking behavioral psychology and microeconomics. The study centered participants’ narratives to understand how love, commitment, and cultural negotiation unfolded in these unions. The sample comprised 12 African American women …


Stem Afterschool Enrichment Programs On Post-Secondary Minority Students In Southern California And Their Educational And Professional Pathway: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study, Lavar Jamaall Watkins Aug 2026

Stem Afterschool Enrichment Programs On Post-Secondary Minority Students In Southern California And Their Educational And Professional Pathway: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study, Lavar Jamaall Watkins

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to describe the lived experiences of ethnically and racially minority students who participated in STEM afterschool enrichment programs at middle schools in Southern California. Guided by social cognitive career theory (SCCT), this phenomenological study addressed how participation in STEM supplemental programming served as a predictive motivator that encouraged ethnically and racially minority students to pursue careers in STEM professions. SCCT provided the theoretical framework for understanding how self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and contextual influences shaped students’ perceptions, motivations, and career decision-making related to STEM. The central research question guiding this inquiry was: What …


A Causal-Comparative Study Of The Effect Of Developmental Education Courses On College Persistence In Higher Education Among First-Year College Students, Tosha J. Mobley Aug 2026

A Causal-Comparative Study Of The Effect Of Developmental Education Courses On College Persistence In Higher Education Among First-Year College Students, Tosha J. Mobley

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this quantitative causal-comparative study was to examine differences in institutional integration scores among first-year college students based on enrollment status and gender assigned at birth at a public southern university. This study was important because previous reform efforts intended to improve college persistence and graduation rates have not eliminated the need for developmental education or learning support courses within higher education. The independent variables included enrollment status and gender assigned at birth. Institutional integration was measured using the Institutional Integration Scale–Revised (IIS-R). The sample was composed of 107 first-year college students enrolled in developmental (support) and traditional …


The Impact Of Sexual Trauma On Survivor’S Affected Disposition, Savannah Fedorovich Aug 2026

The Impact Of Sexual Trauma On Survivor’S Affected Disposition, Savannah Fedorovich

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Sexually victimized women are an increasingly vulnerable population within our communities, states, and nations. Many survivors are experiencing a wide range of emotional and relational impacts on their overall well-being. The theoretical framework for this quantitative study will include Tracy and Robin's Model of Self-Conscious Emotion, Hellman’s Hope Theory, the Theory of Life Satisfaction, and Bowlby’s Attachment Theory. Additionally, sexually traumatized women and their emotional and relational functioning was conceptualized through multiple constructs and assessments, including the Adult Hope Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Test of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA), and the Attachment Style Questionnaire – Short From …


The National Law Enforcement Staffing Shortage’S Impact On Central Texas, Mark Vincent Valli Aug 2026

The National Law Enforcement Staffing Shortage’S Impact On Central Texas, Mark Vincent Valli

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This study examined the relationship between perceived support from public administrators and law enforcement supervisors/executives and staffing levels in Central Texas law enforcement agencies. Guided by Social Exchange Theory (SET) and Public Service Motivation (PSM), the research investigated how administrative and supervisory support influences vacancy and turnover rates, two key indicators of staffing stability. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed to integrate quantitative and qualitative perspectives. Quantitative data were collected from agency records and surveys administered to sworn law enforcement personnel across the Central Texas region (defined for this study as the Capital Area Council of Governments (CAPCOG) associated …


The Practical Application Of The Greatest Commandments In Mark 12:28–34: A Holistic Framework For Spiritual Formation, Mark R. Williams Aug 2026

The Practical Application Of The Greatest Commandments In Mark 12:28–34: A Holistic Framework For Spiritual Formation, Mark R. Williams

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Christian spiritual formation is a field abundant in materials, resources, and programs to help people become fully devoted followers of God. Yet a disconnect appears to exist between the biblical concept of discipleship, which encompasses both a process and an event, and the lived reality of Christians in the United States today. A new model that lays the foundation for a new spiritual formation framework grounded in the practical application of the Greatest Commandments may be of benefit. This dissertation develops a model that includes orthodoxy and orthopraxy to apply the Greatest Commandments in an easy-to-understand framework in a practical, …


Osteoarthritis In Saudi Arabia: Current Evidence, Public Perceptions, And Future Research: A Narrative Review, Khalid Yaseen Aug 2026

Osteoarthritis In Saudi Arabia: Current Evidence, Public Perceptions, And Future Research: A Narrative Review, Khalid Yaseen

Journal of Medical Rehabilitation Science

Background and Purpose: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of pain and disability worldwide and represents a growing public health concern in Saudi Arabia. This narrative review synthesises current evidence on OA in the Saudi context, with particular emphasis on epidemiology, risk factors, public perceptions, clinical management patterns, and the utilisation of physiotherapy and other conservative interventions. The aim is to inform clinical practice, public health strategies, and health system planning in alignment with Saudi Vision 2030.
Methods: A narrative review was undertaken, drawing on evidence from PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Saudi Digital Library, Ministry of Health (Saudi Arabia) …


A Phenomenological Study Of The Perceptions Of Teachers On Utilizing Art Therapy To Help Students With Ieps And Emotional Dysregulation, Lisa Marie Powell Aug 2026

A Phenomenological Study Of The Perceptions Of Teachers On Utilizing Art Therapy To Help Students With Ieps And Emotional Dysregulation, Lisa Marie Powell

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study is to focus on the perceptions of teachers observing and implementing art therapy interventions with their students in the classroom setting. This study will aim to provide students with IEPs between the ages of 5 and 18 more support with emotional dysregulation by bringing more awareness to teachers on how to manage these concerns in their classroom using art therapy (Bosgraff et al., 2020). The study will aim to unveil the challenges of art therapy efficacy, based on teachers' perception of therapeutic art interventions for elementary through high school-level students. Through teacher observations …


A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study Exploring The Lived Experiences Of Single-Parent Students Who Attend Higher Education Institutions With Support Services Tailored To Their Demographic, Autumn Inteso Aug 2026

A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study Exploring The Lived Experiences Of Single-Parent Students Who Attend Higher Education Institutions With Support Services Tailored To Their Demographic, Autumn Inteso

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to understand the lived experiences utilizing parenting student support programs for single-parent students at higher education institutions in the United States. At this stage in the research, the lived experiences of utilizing parenting programs were generally defined as those students who had utilized programs or interventions that had been created or employed to directly or indirectly address the challenges faced by single-parent students while pursuing their advanced education. The theory guiding this study was Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The study sought to answer the question: What are the lived experiences of single-parent …


Exploring Active Shooter Patterns In Schools: Baseline Typologies For Strategic Preparedness Using A Qualitative Lens, Francis Miskelly Aug 2026

Exploring Active Shooter Patterns In Schools: Baseline Typologies For Strategic Preparedness Using A Qualitative Lens, Francis Miskelly

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This qualitative study investigatesd the temporal patterns of active shooter incidents on elementary and middle school campuses across urban, suburban, and rural areas in the southeastern United States, specifically in North Carolina. It examined how the timing of these incidents varies across school settings and how law enforcement and School Resource Officers (SROs) perceive the impact of timing on the nature and response to such events. While existing literature largely focuses on psychological profiles, sociocultural factors, and immediate response strategies, few studies address how timing affects the occurrence, characteristics, and outcomes of incidents across school levels. Current research often generalizes …


The Intersectionality Of Juvenile Justice And Education: A Comparative Study Of Educational Governance Typologies Within The Juvenile Justice System, Domonique Mckenzie-Charles Aug 2026

The Intersectionality Of Juvenile Justice And Education: A Comparative Study Of Educational Governance Typologies Within The Juvenile Justice System, Domonique Mckenzie-Charles

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Each year, a number of youths find themselves at an intersection between the school-to-prison pipeline (SPP) and the criminal justice system. This research study examined the relationship between educational governance typologies of juvenile justice systems and juvenile recidivism in 10 U.S. states, with a centralized focus on the model of internalized governance. The purpose of this research study was to develop a comparative typology of educational governance through the evaluation of leadership structures, to assess the association between educational governance typologies and rehabilitative outcomes. The following comparative study discovered how educational governance typologies differ across states and whether these differences …


Integrating Transformative Social-Emotional Learning In The Orchestra Classroom Of Title I Schools, Amy Valena Ellington Aug 2026

Integrating Transformative Social-Emotional Learning In The Orchestra Classroom Of Title I Schools, Amy Valena Ellington

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this historical, secondary, qualitative study was to explore the evolution of integrating transformative Social-Emotional Learning in the music classrooms of Title I schools. The aim was to determine which social and emotional skills have been taught in the music classroom, what barriers have been encountered in integrating SEL, and which assessment measures have been used to evaluate the effectiveness of SEL integration. The CASEL model was used because it supports ongoing critical analysis to ensure students’ social and emotional needs are met. Music educators are uniquely poised to provide instruction to students and equip them with essential …


An Analysis Of The Influence Of Physical Environment In The Classroom Setting On Student Behavior: A Case Study, Lora Jane Moliterni Aug 2026

An Analysis Of The Influence Of Physical Environment In The Classroom Setting On Student Behavior: A Case Study, Lora Jane Moliterni

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

In this study, the relationship between the physical learning environment and student behavior in 6:1:1 and 12:1:1 special education programs in public schools in a northeastern state is analyzed. The research question addresses how the physical special education learning environment that teachers create influences student behavior outcomes. The design relates to how a flexible learning environment appears to influence the behaviors of special education students, teachers’ standards for organizing the physical learning environment based on students' needs, and students' ownership of that environment. Social learning theory correlates with the study by analyzing how the physical environment contributes to on-task focus …