Digital Commons Network^™

Trans Joy: A Transgender Perspective On Positive Psychology, Abigail Gothard

Scripps Senior Theses

There is a variety of research showing that transgender people report less well-being than their cisgender peers, higher stress and increased likelihood of suicide attempts. There are models to explain this minority stress; however, they focus on sexual minorities and lack information about gender minorities. Positive psychology is a field that focuses on increasing well-being and changing small parts of daily life to increase well-being. One method is gratitude interventions; weekly reflection on what you are thankful for. Also, social support is a potential moderator of the relationship between positive psychology exercises and well-being. There is very little research on …

The Burden Of Artificiality: Always The Servant, Never The Patron, Alia Biswas

Scripps Senior Theses

I examine three robots in Science Fiction, Data from the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, David from the movie A.I.: Artificial Intelligence, and Deckard from the novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? to examine how they are analogous to marginalized bodies. I analyze how the marginalization of robots works to disorient robots so their labor can be extracted, as I focus through their embodiment of a happy object, and how their desire is directed towards the narrative of the good life, the myth that a happy life is achieved through adhering to heteronormativity. I use heteronormativity as …

Heaven? Is It Worth It?: The Effect Of Belief On Religious Participation And Signaling, Claudia R. Chin

Scripps Senior Theses

Religion has long been a subject that baffles economists because of its seemingly inefficient requirements. It is hard to get one's mind around why an individual would be willing to give up secular commodities for religion, or face the strict entry costs and stigma society associates with the religion. Although many reasons have been suggested, the most widely accepted solution to why we engage in these behaviors is Religious Signaling Theory (RST). RST argues that people engage in these ineffective costs as a way to signal their commitment to the religion, and religions were utilized by society to enforce these …

Interpersonal Emotions As Emergent Phenomena: Social Neuroscience Beyond Western Cultural Constructions, Kaitlyn Penchina

Scripps Senior Theses

Because science as it exists today is a cultural construction of the West, studies of neuroscience have often been limited by Western perspectives. In particular, the Western proclivity towards individualism has led to a field of neuroscience which has historically focused on studying single individuals, as opposed to social or collective neuroscience. For the most part, it has just been assumed that collective phenomena such as interpersonal emotions must be able to be reduced in terms of individual phenomena such as individual emotions. However, closer review reveals that interpersonal emotions have emergent properties that individual emotions alone do not account …

Beyond The Toolbox: Values-Based Models Of Mediation Practice, Robert A. Baruch Bush

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

This Article argues that mediators are following distinct models of practice that are significantly different from each other, and that each model is itself internally coherent and integrated. In other words, within each model the mediator’s purpose, practices, and premises are all consistent and congruent; and when comparing each model to the others, these three levels are not only different but incompatible. Yet, although these models and their differences are recognized in the literature and identifiable in practice, many mediators and policymakers do not clearly acknowledge them; even more, they are often discounted and ignored. For example, proposals have been …

Wireless Investors & Apathy Obsolescence, Sergio Alberto Gramitto Ricci, Christina M. Sautter

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

This Article discusses how a subgenre of retail investors makes investors' apathy obsolete. In prior work, we dub retail investors who rely on technology and online communications in their investing and corporate governance endeavors "wireless investors." By applying game theory, this Article discusses how wireless investors' global-scale online interactions allow them to circulate information and coordinate, obliterating collective action problems.

Exploring Faculty Perspectives On Text Selection And Textbook Affordability, Rachel E. Scott, Mallory Jallas, Julie A. Murphy, Rachel Park, Anne Shelley

Faculty and Staff Publications – Milner Library

This paper reports the results of a pilot project conducted Spring 2021 in which Milner Library licensed 75 assigned texts to 52 courses at Illinois State University. The authors used the pilot as a springboard to explore faculty perspectives on textbook selection, textbook affordability, and the role of the academic library in addressing the rising cost of textbooks. The results highlight the strong, and often deeply personal, beliefs faculty hold about textbook selection and textbook affordability, reveal several obstacles to achieving affordable access to course readings, and demonstrate the willingness of some faculty to partner with librarians and other institutional …

Exploring Faculty Perspectives On Open Access At A Medium-Sized, American Doctoral University, Rachel E. Scott, Julie Murphy, Cassie Thayer-Styes, Chad E. Buckley, Anne Shelley

Faculty and Staff Publications – Milner Library

Faculty hold widely varying perspectives on the benefits and challenges afforded by open access (OA) publishing. In the United States, conversations on OA models and strategy have been dominated by scholars affiliated with Carnegie R1 institutions. This article reports findings from interviews conducted with faculty at a Carnegie R2 institution, highlighting disciplinary and individual perspectives on the high costs and rich rewards afforded by OA. The results reiterate the persistence of a high degree of skepticism regarding the quality of peer review and business models associated with OA publishing. By exploring scholars’ perceptions of and experiences with OA publishing and …

Privately-Owned Versus Shared Automated Vehicle: The Roles Of Utilitarian And Hedonic Beliefs, Fatemeh Nazari, Yellitza Soto, Mohamadhossein Noruzoliaee

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications

Transportation systems will be likely transformed by the emergence of automated vehicles (AVs) promising for safe, convenient, and efficient mobility, especially if used in shared systems (shared AV or SAV). However, the potential tendency is observed towards owning AV as a private asset rather than using SAV. This calls for a research on investigating individuals’ attitude towards AV in comparison with SAV to recognize the barriers to the public’s tendency towards SAV. To do so, the present study proposes a modeling framework based on the theories in behavioral psychology to explain individuals’ preference for owning AV over using SAV, built …

Validated Assessment Tools For Screen Media Use: A Systematic Review, Oriana Perez, Tatyana Garza, Olivia Hindera, Alicia Beltran, Salma M Musaad, Tracey Dibbs, Anu Singh, Shria Chug, Amy Sisson, Anil Kumar Vadathya, Tom Baranowski, Teresia M O'Connor

Library Staff Publications

OBJECTIVE: Accurate measurement of adult and child screen media use are needed to robustly assess its impact on health outcomes. Our objective was to systematically review screen media use measurement tools that have been validated against an objective "gold standard" tool.

METHODS: The search strategy was initially conducted in Medline Ovid and translated to Embase, Web of Science, PsychInfo and Cochrane. A modified natural language search was conducted in Google Scholar and IEEE. The initial search was conducted in March 2021, and an updated search was conducted in June 2022. Additional studies were included from the references. Studies had to …

Examination Of Varying Pair Programming Strategies In Computer Science Laboratory Environments, Lily Sisouvong

Open Access Master's Theses

Pair programming is a technique within the computer science space in which two programmers are paired on one computer to solve a related programming task. This technique is often practiced in both the industry and the academic setting, as it has a consistent history of positively impacting working professionals and students regarding personal experience and performance in programming. As a result, there has been a large focus within the computer science education field on how and why pair programming is a successful technique. More specifically, what traits of pairing students together make pair programming successful. At the University of Rhode …

Assessing Well-Being Impacts Of Sargassum Events In Puerto Rico, Patricia Valentin

Open Access Master's Theses

Since 2011, Sargassum events have become larger and more recurrent in Puerto Rico and appear to have come to stay. While some studies have described economic and ecological impacts on the archipelago, studies of Sargassum impact on human well-being are lacking. However, in the context of Puerto Rico, only a few studies have been conducted in terms of general impacts of sargassum events and its management. Puerto Rico, like most territories of the region, lacks an efficient strategy for sargassum management. Currently, only one set of protocols or guidelines has been produced since sargassum accumulations have become an issue for …

Temporal Associations Between Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms And Depression In Response To Online Expressive Writing Interventions In A Hispanic Sample, Michiyo Hirai, Serkan Dolma, Laura L. Vernon, George A. Clum

Psychological Science Faculty Publications

Some expressive writing (EW) interventions targeting posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) may reduce both PTSS and comorbid depression symptoms. The temporal associations between PTSS and depression symptom levels in response to EW interventions are unknown. This study examined the directionality of PTSS and depression symptom levels from baseline to 1-week, 1-month, and 3-month follow-ups of two online EW interventions in a Hispanic sample with diverse trauma experiences. Participants (n = 70) completed either emotion-focused or fact-focused writing for 3 consecutive days online. A manifest autoregressive model with cross-lagged effects and treatment condition was analyzed. All but one first-order autoregressive path …

One World, One Autism? A Commentary On Using An Intersectionality Framework To Study Autism In Low-Resourced Communities, Cecilia Montiel-Nava, María Cecilia Montenegro, Ana C. Ramirez

Psychological Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Role Of Chatgpt In Computer Programming., Som Biswas

Mesopotamian Journal of Computer Science

Purpose: The purpose of this abstract is to outline the role and capabilities of ChatGPT, a language model developed by OpenAI for computer programming. Methodology: ChatGPT is a large language model that has been trained on a diverse range of texts and can perform a variety of programming-related tasks. These tasks include code completion and correction, code snippet prediction and suggestion, automatic syntax error fixing, code optimization and refactoring suggestions, missing code generation, document generation, chatbot development, text-to-code generation, and answering technical queries. Results: ChatGPT can provide users with explanations, examples, and guidance to help them understand complex concepts and …

The Evolving Role Of Artificial Intelligence In The Future Of Distance Learning: Exploring The Next Frontier, Maad M. Mijwil, Guma Ali, Emre Sadıkoğlu

Mesopotamian Journal of Computer Science

In recent years, education has become especially related to the applications provided by artificial intelligence technology through a digital environment that includes a set of tools that assist in processing and storing information. Artificial intelligence techniques contribute to the development of students' skills by providing them with advanced scientific content and building their mental capabilities faster. Moreover, these techniques support analysing student data and suggest suitable educational materials and activities for them. Artificial intelligence is a noteworthy tool for the growth of distance education, especially after the development of expert systems that have become a human advisor in many domains, …

Testing The Adequacy Of Formal Models Of An Irrational Learning Effect, Lenard Dome

School of Psychology Theses

The inverse base-rate effect (IBRE) is an irrational phenomenon in predictive learning characterized by as a preference for rare, unlikely outcomes in the face of ambiguity. This thesis investigates the adequacy of formal explanations for this puzzling phenomenon. In the first project, I will focus on mechanisms of learning that mathematical models posit underlie this preference. A class of attentional explanation produces a counter-intuitive prediction: the effect disappears under concurrent load. I confirm the prediction, but only when participants were under an obvious time constraint -- irrationality reduces under increased task demands. This suggests that multiple learning mechanisms operate independently …

Effects Of Parent-Implemented Interventions On Outcomes Of Children With Autism: A Meta-Analysis, Wai Man Cheng, Timothy B. Smith, Marshall Butler, Tina Taylor, Devan Clayton

Faculty Publications

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been shown to beneft from parent-implemented interventions (PIIs). This meta-analysis improved on prior reviews of PIIs by evaluating RCTs and multiple potential moderators, including indicators of research quality. Fifty-one efect sizes averaged moderately strong overall benefts of PIIs (g=0.553), with studies having lower risk of research bias yielding lower estimates (g=0.47). Parent and observer ratings yielded similar averaged estimates for positive behavior/social skills (g=0.603), language/communication (g=0.545), maladaptive behavior (g=0.519), and to a lesser extent, adaptive behavior/life skills (g=0.239). No other study, intervention, or participant

Fostering Spatial Ability Development In And For Authentic Stem Learning, Caiwei Zhu, Chloe Oi-Ying Leung, Eleni Lagoudaki, Mariana Velho, Natalia Segura-Caballero, Dietsje Jolles, Gavin Duffy, Gunter Maresch, Marianna Pagkratidou, Remke Klapwijk

Articles

Empirical interdisciplinary research has explored the role of spatial ability in STEM learning and achievement. While most of this research indicates that fostering spatial thinking in educational contexts has the potential to positively impact students’ enrollment and performance in STEM subjects, there is less agreement on the best approach to do so. This article provides an overview of various types of effective spatial interventions and practices in formal or informal educational contexts, including targeted training of STEM-relevant spatial skills, spatialized curricula embedded in schools, integrated STEM practices addressing students’ use of spatial skills, and spatial activities in informal STEM education. …

An Exploration Of Institutional And Personal Barriers To Online Academic Engagement At A Brazilian University, Cinthia Bittencourt Spricigo, Bárbara Maria Camilotti, Charles R. Graham, Ruth Baptista

Faculty Publications

The recent global pandemic has raised institutional awareness around the world concerning the importance of having high quality online learning options for students. Learner engagement is often correlated with quality outcomes such as student academic success and student satisfaction. Learner engagement is commonly thought of as having three important dimensions: affective engagement, behavioral engagement, and cognitive engagement (ACE framework). Engagement is also enabled or limited by facilitators/barriers. Three important categories of facilitators/barriers are learner characteristics, personal environment, and course environment. Elements in each of these three areas enable or are barriers to students fully engaging in a course. This research …

The Development Of The Process Mining Event Log Generator (Pmelg) Tool, Steven R. Hawkins, Jeffrey Pickerd, Scott L. Summers, David A. Wood

Faculty Publications

Process mining is an emerging technology that allows users to visualize all potential variations of business processes within an organization. It holds significant potential for impacting the field of accounting. However, training professionals and students in its use is challenging due to a lack of event data applicable to accounting and auditing scenarios. To address this issue, we developed an easy-to-use tool called the Process Mining Event Log Generator (PMELG) for generating process mining data files for the order-to-cash process. With the PMELG tool, users can create realistic datasets that incorporate key accounting and auditing concepts, such as segregation of …

Auditing With Data And Analytics: External Reviewers’ Judgments Of Audit Quality And Effort, Scott A. Emett, Steven E. Kaplan, Elaine G. Mauldin, Jeffrey Pickerd

Faculty Publications

Audit firms hesitate to take full advantage of data and analytics (D&A) audit approaches because they lack certainty about how external reviewers evaluate those approaches. We propose that external reviewers use an effort heuristic when evaluating audit quality, judging less effortful audit procedures as lower quality, which could shape how external reviewers evaluate D&A audit procedures. We conduct two experiments in which experienced external reviewers evaluate one set of audit procedures (D&A or traditional) within an engagement review, while holding constant the procedures’ level of assurance. Our first experiment provides evidence that external reviewers rely on an effort heuristic when …

Synergising Bim And Real-Time Data For Improved Efficiency: An Irish Case Study, Ahmed Hassan, Ankur Mitra, Alan Hore, Mark Mulville

Conference papers

The evolution of 3D visualisation and the Internet of Things (IoT) presents a substantial opportunity for integrating real-time data with Building Information Models (BIM) to improve its functionality and construction workflow efficiency. Integrating real-time data with BIM can enhance the digital representation of construction buildings’ physical and functional characteristics and provide recordable status of on-site operations. Nevertheless, the integration between Visualisation and IoT technologies with BIM remains in its preliminary stages and faces a myriad of technical and operational challenges. Furthermore, developing advanced solutions to facilitate this complex integration requires a considerable understanding of the viability and feasibility of merging …

Challenges And Opportunities For Automating Physical Compliance On Construction Sites, Ankur Mitra, Mark Mulville

Conference papers

The construction project lifecycle includes several compliance requirements that need to be checked at multiple levels and at different phases of the project. Inability to comply with these regulations due to lack of time and resources or human oversight can affect the project throughout its service lifecycle with the potential for severe outcomes. Following a number of high-profile failings and owing to the high stakes nature of compliance, digitalisation has been introduced in this field of construction over the past few decades to reduce mistakes and neglect. Although the compliance checking process in the design phase has seen significant digital …

The Value Of The Serious Leisure Perspective In Understanding Cultural Capital Embodiment In Festival Settings, Giulia Ressetti, Bernadette Quinn

Presentations

Festivals have been conceptualised as serious leisure activities as well as arenas for cultural capital acquisition and embodiment. However, there is still theoretical confusion surrounding the process of cultural embodiment, especially in leisure practices. This paper suggests that the serious leisure perspective, in combination with cultural capital ideas, offer a means of deepening understanding of how cultural capital can be embodied in festival settings. To make its arguments, the paper draws on qualitative data collected at two long-established literary festivals, one in Ireland and one in Italy. Observations and interviews with festival participants were used to develop an understanding of …

Ethnic Differences In The Indirect Effects Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Clinical Monitoring And Hospitalisations For Non-Covid Conditions In England: A Population-Based, Observational Cohort Study Using The Opensafely Platform, Ruth E. Costello, John Tazare, D Piehlmaier, Emily Herrett, Edward P.K. Parker, Bang Zheng, Kathryn E. Mansfield, Alasdair D. Henderson, Helena Carreira, Patrick Bidulka, Angel Y.S. Wong, Charlotte Warren-Gash, Joseph F. Hayes, Jennifer K. Quint, Brian Mackenna, Amir Mehrkar, Rosalind M. Eggo, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Laurie Tomlinson, Sinéad M. Langan, R Mathur, Nishi Chaturvedi, Chloe Park, Alisia Carnemolla, Dylan Williams, Anika Knueppel, Andy Boyd, Emma L. Turner, Katharine M. Evans, Richard Thomas

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

Background The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare and may have impacted ethnic inequalities in healthcare. We aimed to describe the impact of pandemic-related disruption on ethnic differences in clinical monitoring and hospital admissions for non-COVID conditions in England. Methods In this population-based, observational cohort study we used primary care electronic health record data with linkage to hospital episode statistics data and mortality data within OpenSAFELY, a data analytics platform created, with approval of NHS England, to address urgent COVID-19 research questions. We included adults aged 18 years and over registered with a TPP practice between March 1, 2018, and April 30, …

Modelling And Evaluation Of Driving Simulator For Driving Education In Malaysia, Y-Q Cheng, Sarina Mansor, J-J Chin, Md Mushfiqur Rahman, Karim H Abdul, Kw Ban

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

Driving simulator has been widely used as one of driver training tools because it provides a safe environment which does not expose drivers to hazards. However, Malaysia has yet to adopt the driving simulator in the driving course. In this paper, a cost effective and modular driving simulator prototype integrated is designed and developed based on the Malaysian Ministry of Transport’s Standardised License Test. Seven modules which correspond to five practical syllabus circuit tracks and two on-the-road theories are created using a real time development tool named “Unity” and integrated with some off-the-shelf hardware namely a steering wheel, gear shifter …

Evaluating The Risks Of Human Factors Associated With Social Media Cybersecurity Threats, Fai Ben Salamah, Marco A. Palomino, Maria Papadaki, Matthew J. Craven, Steven Furnell

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

Human behaviors and attitudes play a significant role in cybersecurity. However, studies to quantify the impact of such behaviors and attitudes are scarce, and they are not always considered when developing mitigation strategies. To compensate for this, we have looked into a large sample of employees with different levels of expertise and backgrounds across a variety of industrial sectors and organizations. We have found that age and job role constitute the main human factors associated with social media cybersecurity risks. We can confirm that the youngest employees are the most risk prone within an organization, and the employees working in …

Neo‐Fluxus: Multimedia Performance Art And Architecture, Mathew Emmett

School of Art, Design and Architecture

Abstract. Space Interface is a collaboration between artist‐architect Mathew Emmett and the legendary Eberhard Kranemann, a German neo‐Fluxus artist and founding member of electronic music pioneers Kraftwerk. Here, Emmett describes how, through mixed‐reality performance and audiovisual installation, their work transforms architectural settings by using video and electronic improvisation to evoke extended levels of architectural reality. They consider buildings as psychological prostheses, and their experiments attempt to invert and extend what might constitute architecture.

Consulting Staff On Change Management Initiatives Takes A Lot Of Valuable Time And Effort - Why Not Just Let The Decision Makers Get On With The Task?, Gerard Glynn, Kevin Byrne, Edward Sweeney

Conference proceedings

Purpose: The disciplines of organisation development (OD), organisational behaviour (OB) and supply chain management (SCM) share much in terms of the ongoing occurrence of change and how it is facilitated and managed. This paper utilises scenario foresight planning as an instrument of change management through the lens of OD, OB, and SCM. It gives particular emphasis on how the involvement and engagement of the people dimension [human supply chain continuum], contributes to the achievement of satisfactory outcomes. It seeks to outline progression in terms of both research into the fields and business process improvement. Design/Methodology/approach: The authors commenced an assessment …