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Magic! Missed Or Miracle?, Curt C. Anderson Jan 2023

Magic! Missed Or Miracle?, Curt C. Anderson

All ETDs from UAB

Truth default theory holds that people do not expect or notice deception unless they are triggered to think outside their natural tendency to believe others (Levine, 2020). It follows that people may not notice something deceptive or seemingly impossible if they are not first primed to raise suspicion. This study tests truth-default theory and triggering in the context of magic tricks. It hypothesized that people could watch two magic tricks performed without realizing they just witnessed something impossible because they were not primed to be aware of the presence of the possibility of deception. The research design is a three-group …

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The Impact Of Socioeconomic Status On Pain Severity And Functioning In A Pediatric Rheumatic Pain Population, Tolulope Adetayo Jan 2023

The Impact Of Socioeconomic Status On Pain Severity And Functioning In A Pediatric Rheumatic Pain Population, Tolulope Adetayo

All ETDs from UAB

Background: Low socioeconomic status (SES) may exacerbate pain and impede functioning in children with chronic widespread pain. SES can be categorized as objective or subjective and assessed at individual, family, and neighborhood levels. However, most studies do not assess SES this comprehensively, thus, the true impact of SES on child health is likely unknown. The proposed study examined the unique and interactive effects of different measures of SES on pain severity and functioning in children with rheumatic conditions including juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome (JPFS), and non-specific musculoskeletal pain (NSMP). Methods: 88 children (32 JIA, 31 JPFS, …

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Adaptive Behavior And Clinical Characteristics Of Children Referred For An Autism Spectrum Disorder Evaluation, Brianna Stein Jan 2023

Adaptive Behavior And Clinical Characteristics Of Children Referred For An Autism Spectrum Disorder Evaluation, Brianna Stein

All ETDs from UAB

The current study aimed to identify patterns of adaptive functioning in autistic children. Additionally, this study assessed predictors of adaptive functioning by examining whether cognitive ability predicted adaptive functioning in children with and without ASD and exploring whether expressive and receptive language predicted adaptive behavior and whether those relationships were moderated by an ASD diagnosis. Participants included 196 children who were evaluated for ASD at a tertiary care clinic. In this sample, 89 participants (45%) were diagnosed with ASD, 143 (73%) were male, and the average age was 6.63 years old (SD= 3.08). Profile analysis was used to evaluate the …

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"Generous And Self-Devoted Being": Grief Psychology And Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, Madison Hogg Jan 2023

"Generous And Self-Devoted Being": Grief Psychology And Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, Madison Hogg

All ETDs from UAB

Scholarly discussion of the character Victor Frankenstein in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein generally determines his fatal flaw to be an overly ambitious nature, deter-mining a denouncement of ambition as the novel's core moral aim. However, Franken-stein's experience of and avoidance of grief shapes his actions. Exploring how modern understandings from the field of grief psychology reflect Shelley's description of Frankenstein's inner life and experiences, the novel can be treated as a metaphor for grief and grieving. A grief-informed reading of the novel brings many of the novel's main themes—connection versus isolation, belonging, and empathy—into sharper relief than ambition-focused readings, casting more …

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A Colorblind Approach To Silencing African American Voices Through The Banning Of Critical Race Theory, Mia J. Freeman Jan 2023

A Colorblind Approach To Silencing African American Voices Through The Banning Of Critical Race Theory, Mia J. Freeman

All ETDs from UAB

This thesis focused on addressing the framing of criticisms of Toni Morrison's Beloved in the state of Virginia through the context of African American Criticism and Critical Race Theory. The methodology undertaken addresses the central research question, How might African American Criticism and Critical Race Theory provide a theoretical framework for responding to recent criticisms about Beloved? The researcher approached Beloved by historicizing select passages from the novel and situating those passages and the realities they reflect in the context of criticisms waged by parents and politicians. The thesis also explained how tenets of African American Criticism and Critical Race …

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Systemic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Driving Impairments Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Alecia Mercier Jan 2023

Systemic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Driving Impairments Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Alecia Mercier

All ETDs from UAB

A developmental milestone that both contributes to and facilitates a successful transition into adulthood is the ability to drive. Despite the importance of driving on independence, only one in three autistic adolescents successfully obtain a driver’s license by age 21 compared to over three-fourths of non-autistic adolescents obtaining their licensure by 21 (Curry et al., 2018; Federal Highway Administration [FHA], 2020). The current study identified published findings related to autistic drivers and quantified the statistical significance of the conditions and driving contexts in which autistic drivers show the greatest risk for negative driving outcomes. A systematic search yielded 37 articles …

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Reframing The Study Of Peace Through The Lens Of Complex Adaptive Systems, Nick Mauro Jan 2023

Reframing The Study Of Peace Through The Lens Of Complex Adaptive Systems, Nick Mauro

All ETDs from UAB

Many researchers studying peace have posited that peace is a system. Although this approach has recently included steps to address complexity, current models have not sufficiently integrated their approach with complex adaptive systems to produce functionally dynamic models. Rather, current models describe peace systems as teleological and linear, which creates closed systems that do not incorporate feedback from the environment and, therefore, do not identify adaptive processes. Furthermore, these models reflect the state of a system, an arrangement of constituent parts in specific contexts, rather than capturing the complexity that is necessary for describing a dynamic system. To address these …

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Successful Aging Among Midlife Black Women: A Latent Class Analysis, Joshua Christian Julian Lewis Jan 2023

Successful Aging Among Midlife Black Women: A Latent Class Analysis, Joshua Christian Julian Lewis

All ETDs from UAB

Successful aging (SA), as outlined by Rowe and Khan, with its objective focus on disease and disability avoidance, maintaining high physical and cognitive function, and sustaining engagement in social and productive activities, was meant to be a benchmark for assessing health and aging. However, given its rigid criteria virtually no one “ages successfully” despite being in otherwise relatively good health. The assumption of unsuccessful aging in populations who experience a higher prevalence of chronic disease, illness, disability, and other health disparities, is implicit in the SA framework outlined by Rowe and Khan and would preclude many Black women from being …

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Family Members' Education And Cognitive Functioning Among Older Adults: Investigating The Mediating Role Of Health Behaviors, Lu Tian Jan 2023

Family Members' Education And Cognitive Functioning Among Older Adults: Investigating The Mediating Role Of Health Behaviors, Lu Tian

All ETDs from UAB

Despite a well-established relationship between education and cognitive performance in later life, few studies have considered the effects of educational attainment of the family. The education of one's parents can help prevent cognitive decline, as parents (G1) with more education can transfer more health knowledge, teach health literacy, and cultivate healthy lifestyles. This downward spillover between parental education (G1) and older adults’ (G2) cognitive health is well documented. For the downstream effect, attention is often given to maternal education rather than paternal education. Another line of research examined intergenerational transmissions from children (G3) to parents (G2), finding that having well-educated …

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Characterizing A Unique Oprm1 Expressing Neuronal Population In The Rat Nucleus Accumbens, Emma Andraka Jan 2023

Characterizing A Unique Oprm1 Expressing Neuronal Population In The Rat Nucleus Accumbens, Emma Andraka

All ETDs from UAB

Opioid-related overdose deaths have increased drastically in the past three decades, and especially since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the addictive, analgesic, and euphoric properties of the drugs. To produce these effects, opioids bind to the mu opioid receptor (MOR) in GABAergic neurons. The MOR is encoded by the Oprm1 gene and is expressed in multiple brain regions that regulate reward and motivation, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Previous studies of Oprm1 knockdown in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the mouse NAc have shown that these neuronal populations are involved in reinforcing reward-context pairing as well …

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Towards Minimally Invasive Genetically Targeted Control Of Neural Activity Using X-Rays, Kelli Cannon Jan 2023

Towards Minimally Invasive Genetically Targeted Control Of Neural Activity Using X-Rays, Kelli Cannon

All ETDs from UAB

X-genetics aims to replace visible light stimulation in optogenetics with X-radiation, offering improved bone penetration, minimal scattering, and enhanced targeting capabilities. This eliminates the need for surgical optic fiber implantation, reducing invasiveness and minimizing off-target effects. Discovering a receptor protein sensitive to X-rays or their byproducts is pivotal for advancing X-genetics.Two genetically encoded X-ray receptors (GEXRs) were investigated for X-genetics application: rhodopsin, historically associated with X-ray responses, and LITE-1, an unexpected candidate. Rhodopsin, when expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells, demonstrated robust cAMP decreases upon visible light stimulation but remained unresponsive to moderate and high-dose X-rays, suggesting it may …

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Weight Loss And Physical Activity For People With Physical Disabilities, Julianne Clina Jan 2023

Weight Loss And Physical Activity For People With Physical Disabilities, Julianne Clina

All ETDs from UAB

People with physical disabilities (PWD) are at higher risk of obesity than people with-out physical disability (PWoD). For PWD, obesity presents a greater risk of secondary conditions; preventable medical, emotional, or social problems resulting directly or in-directly from an initial disabling condition. There is incomplete information about how disability-specific concerns influence obesity treatment and weight management, in part because PWD have typically not been included in this research. Additionally, while studies exist examining weight loss in PWD, a dearth of research exists examining weight loss maintenance for this population. Previously, weight control registries have been a valuable tool in gaining …

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Enhancing Racial Identity And Promoting Academic Enablers In Black Adolescent Males Through Film Viewing, Carlos Napoleon Espinoza Jan 2023

Enhancing Racial Identity And Promoting Academic Enablers In Black Adolescent Males Through Film Viewing, Carlos Napoleon Espinoza

All ETDs from UAB

Among Black adolescent males, classroom discrimination is associated with lower academic performance, academic self-concept, and value placed on education. Although efforts aimed at eliminating racism and discrimination should be made, it is important to identify interventions that may mitigate the effects of discrimination on academic outcomes of Black adolescent males. Previously identified protective factors include positive racial socialization, positive racial identity, and Black role models. Thus, this project attempted to integrate these protective factors into a unified intervention approach in which Black role models deliver positive racial socialization messages to enhance positive racial identity and academic enablers through films. Preexisting …

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Parenting Through A Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Analysis Of Covid-19’S Impact On Stress, Coping, Resiliency, And Mental Health Among University Student-Parents, Jordin Ann Lane Jan 2023

Parenting Through A Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Analysis Of Covid-19’S Impact On Stress, Coping, Resiliency, And Mental Health Among University Student-Parents, Jordin Ann Lane

All ETDs from UAB

The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a toll on the mental health of university students and continues to have a profound impact to this day. The transition from in-person traditional courses to online courses and campus closures, coupled with feelings of isolation, fear of contracting COVID-19, and uncertainty of the future has further intensified the mental health of college students. The effects of federal and state regulations, such as stay-at-home orders, influenced the mental health and general well-being of many Americans, specifically those who take on a dual role as a student and a parent. Unfortunately, literature pertaining to the effects …

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Neuropeptide Y Overexpression In The Presence Of P23h Rhodopsin Mutation, Jean Sun Jan 2023

Neuropeptide Y Overexpression In The Presence Of P23h Rhodopsin Mutation, Jean Sun

All ETDs from UAB

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a 36-amino acid peptide, has been found to be the most abundant neuropeptide in the central nervous system, and it is widespread across mammalian species. NPY plays a dual role as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in the nervous system. NPY functions as a multifaceted neuromodulator through binding NPY receptors (NPYRs). NYP interacts with NPYRs and regulates various activities, such as cell growth, neurogenesis, neuroprotection, mitochondrial behaviors, food intake, anxiety, and addiction formation. In terms of NPY’s neuroprotective potential, NPY inhibits neuronal death signaling, thus preventing apoptosis, and displays anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. Additionally, it influences metabolism by …

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Impact Of Alcohol Intoxication On Pedestrian Risk-Taking Behaviors, Yixin Wang Jan 2023

Impact Of Alcohol Intoxication On Pedestrian Risk-Taking Behaviors, Yixin Wang

All ETDs from UAB

In the United States, motor vehicle crashes account for approximately 21.8% of unintentionaldeaths, and 17.2% of these crashes involved the death of a pedestrian in 2020. Two preventable factors that impact pedestrian fatalities are alcohol intoxication and smartphone distraction. Approximately 30% of fatal pedestrian crashes involve a pedestrian with a BAC of at least 0.08, and distraction is a commonly observed risk factor that was shown to impair crossing performance in virtual environments. The present research considers both distraction and intoxication as risk factors for pedestrian safety, examining both risk factors in isolation as well as their interactional effects on …

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A Qualitative Descriptive Study Exploring Infertility Help-Seeking Among African American Women, Andrea G. Wells Jan 2023

A Qualitative Descriptive Study Exploring Infertility Help-Seeking Among African American Women, Andrea G. Wells

All ETDs from UAB

BACKGROUND: Failure to achieve pregnancy (infertility) affects over 6 million women ages 15–44 in the United States. African American women have more difficulty getting pregnant than White women but are less likely to seek help for infertility. According to the current research, there are several factors (cost, insurance coverage, etc.) that create difficulty for women to seek help to get pregnant. However, little is known about the factors that influence or impede infertility help-seeking among African American women. The purpose of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators to infertility help-seeking among African American women.METHODS: Factors affecting infertility …

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Neighborhood Disadvantage, Sleep Quality, And Shift Work: The Reasons For Geographic And Racial Differences In Stroke (Regards) Study, Rebecca Williams Jan 2023

Neighborhood Disadvantage, Sleep Quality, And Shift Work: The Reasons For Geographic And Racial Differences In Stroke (Regards) Study, Rebecca Williams

All ETDs from UAB

The first study used data (n=14,609) from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) to test the associations among Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and self-reported total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), and number of restless nights within the last week. The second study (n=12,496) tested the associations among ADI, shift work status, and restlessness.Regression models were fit to examine associations between ADI and SE or TST or restlessness, as well as assess the relation between ADI and SE in clinically meaningful categories. Moderation analyses indicated whether sex or race impact the association between ADI and sleep. …

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Creating Cool And Equitable Communities: A Comprehensive Study On Urban Heat Island Mitigation And Health Equity In Birmingham, Alabama, Bhuvana Sai Kumar Yandra Jan 2023

Creating Cool And Equitable Communities: A Comprehensive Study On Urban Heat Island Mitigation And Health Equity In Birmingham, Alabama, Bhuvana Sai Kumar Yandra

All ETDs from UAB

Abstract: Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) represent a severe hazard to people's health and quality of life, particularly in areas of cities with dense and at-risk populations. This integrative research aims to reduce the burden of UHIs caused by climate change and mitigate associated health risks and inequalities in Birmingham, Alabama. The study identifies areas most impacted by UHI effects and loss of vegetation and provides remediation strategies to combat these issues. In addition, the research expands to identify socioeconomically disadvantaged and health-vulnerable communities needing intervention to improve their quality of life. Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) trap heat, alter local climates …

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Black On Ice, Precious R. Jackson Jan 2023

Black On Ice, Precious R. Jackson

Master of Education in Applied Human Development Graduate Projects

The purpose of this project was to gain perspective into the lived experiences of Black female athletes on the axis of marginalized intersecting identities. Based on the framework of Black Feminist Thought, this project explores how Black women face issues of race while simultaneously battling obstacles related to their gender. Research shows that being situated in this unique position makes it difficult for Black female athletes to focus on playing sports compared to their counterparts. Previous literature indicates that Black female athletes who attend predominantly White institutions (PWIs) have different experiences than Black female athletes who attend historically Black colleges …

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The Unexpected Opponent: A Psychological Skills Workbook For Injured Athletes, Lili Berg Jan 2023

The Unexpected Opponent: A Psychological Skills Workbook For Injured Athletes, Lili Berg

Master of Education in Applied Human Development Graduate Projects

Injury can bring a mix of some positive, but mostly negative emotions and thoughts. Documented in several athlete rehabilitation studies, it is common for athletes to question their ability to compete at the same level again, experience anxiety of re-injury, feel frustration, have low self-esteem, and doubt their return to sport all together (Clement et al., 2015; Johnston & Carroll, 1998; Kunnen et al., 2020; Von Rosen et al., 2018). The Integrated Model of Response to Sport Injury and Rehabilitation (Wiese-Bjornstal et al., 1998) describes that mental skills help athletes cope with the diverse responses to sport injury. This model …

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Supporting Foster Parents In Order To Prevent Burnout, Tara L. Tulberg Jan 2023

Supporting Foster Parents In Order To Prevent Burnout, Tara L. Tulberg

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The researcher sought to understand how to effectively support foster parents in order to prevent burnout. As a result, the researcher explored a theology of foster care, reviewed current literature on how foster parents develop family life, face unique stressors, experience burnout, and benefit from support strategies, and conducted a qualitative case study to learn how foster parents described their personal experiences with these phenomena in order to identify best practices for how to effectively support foster parents. The researcher implemented a qualitative mixed-methods design in order to identify the essence of foster parents’ experiences. Participants were identified by contacting …

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Analyzing The Social Benefits Of Inclusion For Students In Special Education, Margo Lemahieu Jan 2023

Analyzing The Social Benefits Of Inclusion For Students In Special Education, Margo Lemahieu

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Inclusive education has been on the rise in recent years. Now more than ever, students with and without disabilities are in the same classroom, learning together, and creating positive relationships with each other. Inclusive education has not always been this prevalent, and there are still barriers that make it challenging for students with and without disabilities to experience inclusivity. When the barriers to inclusive education can be overcome, teachers have a big responsibility to ensure students are getting the best experience in the inclusive classroom. With the proper training and support, teachers are able to provide students with what they …

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Insights: Qualitative Study To Reevaluate And Redesign Online Learning Self-Guided Tools For English First Year Writers Learning Self-Guided Tools For English First Year Writers, Nandi Prince Jan 2023

Insights: Qualitative Study To Reevaluate And Redesign Online Learning Self-Guided Tools For English First Year Writers Learning Self-Guided Tools For English First Year Writers, Nandi Prince

Publications and Research

The library faculty teaches approximately three hundred one-time instructional classes per year. This study explored the role of the library instructor in support of serving the needs of first-year writers (FYW) in a discourse community (DC). The English faculty teach English Composition I, the FYW develop their writing skills in a community with shared goals and an established means of communicating. This qualitative study explored: (1) in-depth experiences of the English faculty during library one-time instructional classes; (2) their perceptions of what students need most, in the new curriculum; (3) new findings that would guide the design of digital tools …

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Lookism, Social Media, Beauty Prejudice, Diana Saiki, Alyssa Dana Adomaitis Jan 2023

Lookism, Social Media, Beauty Prejudice, Diana Saiki, Alyssa Dana Adomaitis

Publications and Research

"Lookism” is a term to describe appearance discriminationor “the practice of discrimination on the basis of physical appearance in the workplace” (Ghodrati, Joorabchi, & Muati, 2015, p.1). In popular literature, it has been called “beauty prejudice” (Etcoff, 1999, p. 1). The notion that a pleasing appearance results in favorable outcomes (e.g., higherwages, promotions) from others is not necessarily new, as literature on physical attractiveness is rather extensive. The Washington Post Magazine first used the term “lookism” in 1978 (e.g., Ayto, 1999), however, the term “lookism” was first recognized as a form of discrimination by authors of the Oxford English Dictionary …

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“Ib For All” From Idea To Implementation: A Literature Review Of Participation, Perception, And Student Support In The Ib Diploma Programme, Gina L. Graham Jan 2023

“Ib For All” From Idea To Implementation: A Literature Review Of Participation, Perception, And Student Support In The Ib Diploma Programme, Gina L. Graham

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme’s (IBDP) expansion over the last two decades demonstrates its potential in US schools; however, it is important to analyze the implications of programme implementation. The following literature review aims to answer the question: What efforts have been made within US schools to ensure the IBDP is more equitably accessible by diverse groups of students and that its support of those students’ academic and social-emotional needs is likewise expanded? Relevant recent studies focused on who participates in the IBDP shed light on enrollment and access gaps related to ethnicity, gender, and school location. An analysis of …

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Impact Of Technology In The Classroom, Olivia A. Erickson Jan 2023

Impact Of Technology In The Classroom, Olivia A. Erickson

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The integration of technology in the classroom has revolutionized education, providing both opportunities and challenges. Technology has introduced innovative tools and resources that facilitate personalized and interactive learning experiences. The incorporation of technological devices, such as tablets, laptops, and interactive whiteboards, has enabled educators to deliver dynamic and engaging lessons. Students now have access to information, enabling them to explore diverse subjects, topics, and perspectives. Additionally, educational software, online platforms, and multimedia resources have transformed classrooms into flexible learning environments for individual learning styles and promoted active participation. The integration of technology in the classroom has also fostered the development …

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Occupational Therapy Students’ Perceptions Of Feedback During Pre-Fieldwork Simulation Debrief: Useful And Why, Kaitlin R. Sibbald, Diane E. Mackenzie, Jonathan Harris Jan 2023

Occupational Therapy Students’ Perceptions Of Feedback During Pre-Fieldwork Simulation Debrief: Useful And Why, Kaitlin R. Sibbald, Diane E. Mackenzie, Jonathan Harris

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

Simulation is increasingly used in occupational therapy education with the objectives of developing practice skill competency and enhancing clinical reasoning. Debriefing, an integral part of the simulation process, is critical to achieving these objectives. This study sought to determine the types of debrief feedback Master of Science in Occupational Therapy (MScOT) students perceived as most useful and why, and how the advocacy inquiry model of debriefing influenced self-reported increases in clinical reasoning, client care, and planned implementation of feedback in practice. Using an embedded mixed method design with secondary data analysis, sixty-three first-year MScOT students provided 357 descriptions of the …

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Effects Of Mental Health First Aid Course: Knowledge, Confidence, And Stigma Among Occupational Therapy Students, Jennifer L. Ostrowski, Sarah Sampson, Erin Mcgoldrick, Courtney Karabin, Kyra Shields Jan 2023

Effects Of Mental Health First Aid Course: Knowledge, Confidence, And Stigma Among Occupational Therapy Students, Jennifer L. Ostrowski, Sarah Sampson, Erin Mcgoldrick, Courtney Karabin, Kyra Shields

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

In the United States, one in five adults are impacted by some form of mental illness in any given year, but only about 40% of individuals seek professional mental health support. While occupational therapists (OT) may work with individuals with mental illness to improve social skills, activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental ADLs, and neurocognitive interventions, research suggests there is not enough emphasis on this content in professional OT education. Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training is designed to educate individuals on mental illness, including how to recognize signs and symptoms and how to support individuals experiencing a concern or …

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Belonging: A Phenomenological Study Of Systemic Racism Experienced Among Black Students In Occupational Therapy Programs, Nardia A. Aldridge, Chloe Hill, Vanessa Johnson, Sierra Green, Cassandra Oladunni, Lillian Maglaris-Gabaldon, Victoria Madera, Ivanie Carswell Jan 2023

Belonging: A Phenomenological Study Of Systemic Racism Experienced Among Black Students In Occupational Therapy Programs, Nardia A. Aldridge, Chloe Hill, Vanessa Johnson, Sierra Green, Cassandra Oladunni, Lillian Maglaris-Gabaldon, Victoria Madera, Ivanie Carswell

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

Belonging, a crucial aspect of humanity and justice, is negated by racism. Formal analyses have shown that racial and ethnic minorities experience significantly higher rates of racial discrimination, with the greatest disparity being among Blacks. Incidences of racism toward healthcare professionals of color indicate that comprehensive and unbiased academic content is warranted in occupational therapy education. This study explored the lived experiences of systemic racism among Black occupational therapy students and their preparation to deal with racism and bias within didactic and clinical settings. This study featured a phenomenological design with data collection through semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Transcripts …

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