Digital Commons Network^™

Effects Of Human-Animal Interaction On Positive Youth Development: A Replication Study, Allison Pachunka, Jay Jeffries, Lisa Karr, Lena Luck, Bryan A. Reiling, Douglas H. Schultz, Jeffrey R. Stevens

People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice

Interacting with animals can improve health and well-being across the lifespan. Some programs such as 4-H and FFA center around youth interacting with animals, potentially enhancing youth development. Mueller (2014) investigated whether these interactions and attitudes about animals influenced measures of positive youth development. The aim of our studies was to replicate Mueller’s methods and extend her work by evaluating whether membership in animal-focused youth programs moderate associations between interactions, attitudes, and positive youth development. We did not find strong relationships among human–animal inter-action and positive youth development, which failed to replicate Mueller’s findings. However, we did find relationships between …

Home-Use Oct For Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Rapid Review, Sneh S. Shah

inSIGHT

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) requires frequent monitoring to identify recurrent exudation and guide treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy.1 Clinic-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) plays a central role in management but provides only intermittent assessments of a disease that changes over time. Home-use OCT technologies have recently been developed as a possible solution, allowing patients to perform self-imaging with remote clinician review and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted analysis. This rapid review summarizes current evidence on home-use OCT for nAMD, including feasibility, diagnostic performance, clinical usefulness, and challenges related to implementation. Findings from feasibility studies, AI validation analyses, observational …

Future Meteorological Droughts In The Southeastern Us, Kunal Bhardwaj, C. Prakash Khedun, Abdul A. Khan

Journal of South Carolina Water Resources

The Southeastern U.S., despite its humid climate, experiences recurrent meteorological droughts which impact agricultural, water resources, ecological systems, and the economy and society. Knowledge of future drought conditions can guide adaptation efforts. Here, we evaluate historical and projected droughts using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) computed from an ensemble of eight bias-corrected Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the Climate Model Intercomparison Phase-6 (CMIP6). The historical performance (1950–2014) of the GCM’s mean was benchmarked against gridded observations from the Climate Research Unit (CRU). Future changes were assessed under 1.5°C, 2.0°C, and 3.0°C global warming levels.We …

Speculative Urbanism Versus Paddy Land Conservation: The Land Paradox In Policy Making, Neethu Das

Journal of Law and Public Policy

This paper argues that paddy land has become a contested space for competing policy objectives in Kerala, one of the southernmost Indian states. It critically examines two competing policy approaches in the state: one focused on fostering economic growth through investment-friendly policies and the other prioritising the preservation of ecological resources for long-term sustainability. It analyses how conservation laws are gradually weakened to foster an investment-friendly environment. In addition, it examines the shift from viewing land primarily as leverage, which has undermined efforts towards long-term sustainability. The insights informing this analysis were drawn from ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Thrikkakara, a …

System And Method For Collateralized Generative Advertising: Programmatic Truth-Bonding In Interactive Shopping Ad Units, N/A Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes systems, methods, and protocols for establishing programmatic financial and linguistic accountability in generative conversational shopping advertisements. An interactive ad unit parses a live dialogue stream of a generative conversational agent to identify a verifiable commercial assertion. Upon identifying the assertion, the system calculates a probability of model hallucination using token-level log-probabilities and softmax temperatures. A portion of an advertising budget or a pre-funded collateral pool is dynamically diverted into a smart contract escrow as a fidelity bond, where the bond amount scales with the probability of hallucination and a product category liability multiplier. Following a transaction, a …

Generative Alteration Of Linear Media Streams Via Multimodal Context Analysis, Harsh Rajotiya, Akash Verma

Defensive Publications Series

Linear media consumption can be a passive experience, and some interactive media formats may be limited by pre-scripted decision trees. This disclosure describes systems and methods for the generative alteration of media streams. A system can analyze a playing media program's visual, auditory, and metadata streams to build a temporal, multimodal understanding of the narrative context. When a user provides an open-ended query, such as a what-if scenario, the system can use this ingested context to interpret the request and a generative rendering engine may synthesize a new, stylistically coherent audio-visual segment reflecting the proposed alteration. This approach can allow …

Nftdve-1.0 Caldwell Non-Invasive Fluid & Transport Discovery / Validation Engine A Modular, Quantitative, Artifact-Resistant Open-Hardware Research Instrument For Discovering, Comparing, And Reproducing Non-Invasive Transport Mechanisms In Standardized Phantom Systems, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

NFTDVE-1.0 is a modular open-hardware research instrument designed to answer a basic engineering question:

Can a proposed non-invasive physical excitation produce measurable, repeatable, and independently verified transport through a standardized phantom under controlled laboratory conditions?

The system is deliberately designed as an experimental measurement platform rather than a therapeutic device.

NFTDVE-1.0 combines a replaceable phantom cartridge, controlled fluid circuit, independently measured excitation system, optical tracer measurement, pressure and flow instrumentation, temperature monitoring, vibration measurement, synchronized data acquisition, calibration procedures, artifact rejection, automated experimental sequencing, and a standardized data structure.

The central design principle is that NFTDVE must be capable of …

The Active Metamaterial Structural Integrity Field (Sif): A Dynamic Stress-Routing Architecture For Advanced Spaceframes, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This white paper presents the design, architectural framework, and engineering specifications for a solid-state, real-time Structural Integrity Field (SIF). Traditional spaceframe engineering is bound by a rigid mass-to-rigidity paradox: mitigating extreme localized dynamic, kinetic, or thermal loads requires a proportional increase in material mass, which introduces severe propulsive and structural penalties. The SIF architecture breaks this paradox by shifting the burden of structural survival from structural mass to information-theoretic latency and active stress-routing. By treating structural loading as a continuous elastodynamic wave vector propagating through a medium, we define a modular, multi-vector design matrix.

This paper establishes three independent, hot-swappable …

System Architecture For Cross-Domain Intent Orchestration, Institutional Latency Mitigation, And Distributed Post-Labor Commerce, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure specifies a multi-tiered software and network architecture designed to resolve the systemic bandwidth, cognitive load, and training-data saturation bottlenecks (collectively termed the Epistemic Squeeze) that occur when linear human operational capacity interfaces with exponentially scaling technological and informational systems. The architecture establishes a structured, three-tiered human-machine orchestration environment that shifts human input from low-level manual execution to high-abstract intent orchestration. By introducing a middleware context-translation layer (AI Scaffolding), the system automates semantic embedding mapping across hyper-isolated, domain-specific ontologies, drastically reducing the multi-decade training lifecycle traditionally required to reach technological frontiers.

Furthermore, to mitigate the socio-economic displacement of human …

The Helical Manifold Hypothesis: Time As A Latency Function Of Volumetric Quantum Wave Collapse, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This paper introduces the Helical Manifold Hypothesis (HMH), a unified geometric and informational framework that models 3D space and linear time as emergent macroscopic phenomena derived from a fundamental, timeless 2D quantum substrate. We propose that baseline energy fields exist on this substrate as highly coiled, localized topological structures. Upon interaction or observation, these wave functions undergo an asymmetric volumetric collapse, uncoiling outward into 3D space to form a visible matter vector, while their anti-matter counterparts remain anchored to the negative side of the substrate. This split establishes physical spacetime coordinates (x, y, z, t). Under this framework, linear time …

Global Architecture For Planetary Infrastructure Parity: The Unified In-Context Compilation And Runtime Execution Protocol (Apip-5), Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

Traditional computing architectures have reached an unyielding thermodynamic and informational bottleneck in 2026. The industry's reliance on autoregressive next-token prediction demands historic capital expenditures and unsustainable grid energy, while facing imminent mathematical decoherence due to the proliferation of low-variance, AI-generated synthetic data.

This comprehensive specification introduces APIP-5, a unified runtime execution protocol that bridges decentralized satellite/edge routing meshes (APIP-3) with raw silicon and cymatic substrates (APIP-2). By establishing a strict dual-track engineering paradigm, this paper provides an immediate, industrially viable deployment model utilizing commercial silicon and hardware filters (Level 3 on the Eckes Feasibility Matrix) alongside an evolutionary, low-entropy computing …

Operational Synthesis Matrix (Apip-4), Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification establishes the final capstone module for the Global Architecture for Planetary Infrastructure Parity (APIP-4). It formalizes the Automated Cryptographic Resource Allocation Clearinghouse, the programmatic software engine that manages the Level 2 Regional Logistics and Energy Smart Grid layers.

APIP-4 replaces manual trade negotiations and political embargoes with a trustless, decentralized Resource Clearing Ledger driven by automated smart contracts. This engine balances global resource distribution dynamically based on real-time infrastructure telemetry, automatically executing system-level isolation or resource reallocation based on the compliance metrics established in MS #12661, MS #12662, and MS #12663.

By anchoring global logistics to objective network …

Architectural Framework For Decentralized Satellite Routing Schemas And Global Commons Connectivity (Apip-3), Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification formalizes the network transport and routing topologies of the Global Architecture for Planetary Infrastructure Parity (APIP-3). It defines the Universal Civic Identity and Voting Application (UCIVA) transport framework, engineered to bypass state-level telecommunication shutdowns, Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) firewalls, and terrestrial routing interdictions.

APIP-3 implements an un-jammable, asynchronous, Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN) utilizing a cascading local mobile Peer-to-Peer (P2P) mesh topology that interfaces natively with an orbital Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellation. By utilizing hardware-bound, non-biographical cryptographic identity proofs generated via device secure enclaves, APIP-3 creates a zero-knowledge planetary consensus network.

This infrastructure decouples citizen-tier regulatory input from state-controlled …

Global Architecture For Planetary Infrastructure Parity: Silicon-Level Technical Specification (Apip-2), Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification formalizes the micro-architectural and firmware-level layers of the Global Architecture for Planetary Infrastructure Parity (APIP-2). It establishes the precise hardware blueprints required to embed the Multi-Agent Symmetry of Agency Protocol (MSAP) directly onto the silicon processor die. By allocating custom Machine-Mode (M-Mode) Control and Status Registers (CSRs) within open-source execution pipelines, this specification moves computing nodes from software-dependent safety configurations to hardwired, physical-layer boundary enforcement.

The architecture includes the Asynchronous Deceleration Interrupt (ADI) loop—an un-bypassable microcode trap that forces processor clock attenuation or execution thread-fencing when autonomous system entropy anomalies are registered at the pipeline stage.

Integrated alongside …

Global Architecture For Trans-National Informational Infrastructure And Sovereign Risk Mitigation (Apip-1), Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification establishes the Architecture for Planetary Infrastructure Parity (APIP-1), a deterministic, multi-layered technical framework engineered to eliminate the systemic risks of runaway, machine-velocity autonomous cyber-escalation. As distributed artificial intelligence systems reach agentic execution speeds that operate independently of human cognitive and diplomatic processing intervals, traditional international treaties become structurally obsolete. APIP-1 resolves this enforcement gap by embedding the Multi-Agent Symmetry of Agency Protocol (MSAP) directly into the firmware and core routing layers of the global digital commons.

By employing non-interactive zero-knowledge telemetry verification (zk-SNARKs), this framework allows sovereign states and multinational corporate entities to continuously audit cross-border system behaviors …

System For Parent-Initiated Cross-Platform Minor Identity Protection And Digital Boundary Enforcement, Eric Zavesky

Defensive Publications Series

A system and method for parent-initiated cross-platform detection of minor accounts and enhanced age verification enables a parent to register identity indicators for a child with an independent trust authority that is structurally separate from all participating online platforms. The system validates parent identity, converts child indicators including name, visual, biometric, and behavioral data into irreversible representations stored in a central detection database, and allows participating platforms to query the database at account creation. Match confidence scores are returned without revealing reference data. Upon positive matches, parents receive notifications and can issue one-click escalation instructions through the trust authority, which …

Technical Specification: Definitive Master Taxonomy And Systemic Architectural Directory For The Cognitive Grids Cores (Papers 1–117), Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification establishes the definitive, system-wide architectural index and organizational taxonomy for the Christopher L. Eckes defensive publication corpus, spanning Papers 1 through 117. Historically, open-source development and prior art disclosures suffer from structural fragmentation, allowing centralized entities to locate and exploit isolation gaps between software layers and physical hardware implementations.

This master directory resolves this vulnerability by executing a top-down, text-based semantic alignment that maps the entire 117-paper footprint into eight highly dense, interconnected Technical Domains. By establishing the precise mathematical and logical dependencies linking low-level physical fluid dynamics, material manufacturing recipes, energy transduction systems, non-silicon quantum backbones, sovereign …

Technical Specification: Femtosecond-Scale Coordinate Time Synchronization And Inverse Phase-Alignment Loops For Interplanetary Cognitive Grids, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification defines a hyper-precise spatiotemporal time-keeping and phase-alignment operating system designed to mitigate sub-nanosecond relativistic drift across distributed interplanetary optical channels. Referencing localized clock cycles directly to Barycentric Coordinate Time (TCB) at a femtosecond resolution threshold (10^-15 s), the architecture dynamically tracks Einsteinian kinematic and gravitational dilation variables across multi-body space matrices. Traditional communications engineering employs reactive, post-receiver digital signal processing to reconstruct distorted signal paths. This framework applies inverse design methodologies, utilizing known-outcome trapping vectors to pre-distort near-infrared laser wavefront phase structures at the transmitter terminal. By computing localized space-time curvature tensors along the projected light travel path, …

Technical Specification: Dual-Mode Spatiotemporal Intersection Ambush And Ping-Pong Doppler-Gated Intercept Recovery Operating Systems For Energy-Bound Interplanetary Optical Networks, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification defines an energy-optimized, ultra-precise spatiotemporal tracking and communication operating system for deep space laser networks. Traditional space communication systems rely on active tracking methods, forcing heavy motorized gimbals to continuously move and shake to counteract planetary motion. This approach introduces gimbal jitter, limits data link density, and causes severe energy depletion that challenges long-duration flights.

This architecture introduces a dual-mode redundant framework that establishes Known-Outcome Trapping (The Ambush Method) as the primary operational state. Utilizing the predictable laws of Keplerian mechanics, nodes project future multi-body path intersections years in advance down to the millimeter. Rather than chasing a …

Technical Specification: A High-Latitude Keplerian Optical Mesh Array With Integrated Multi-Sensor Biosignature And Hydrological Detection Arrays For System-Wide Interplanetary Data Ingress, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification defines an integrated architectural design for deep space communication and planetary exploration. It replaces traditional standalone, single-point-of-failure space missions with an interconnected, system-wide, self-healing network topology.

Traditional radio frequency (RF) communications in the ecliptic plane suffer from severe data chokepoints driven by the Inverse-Square Law, solar plasma interference, and planetary occlusions. This architecture resolves these constraints by deploying a constellation of non-coplanar satellites into high-latitude, critical-inclination ($i = 63.435^\circ$) Keplerian frozen orbits around target planets. This orbital geometry provides continuous, line-of-sight laser (optical) links entirely above the flat, crowded ecliptic plane, enabling high-gigabit data transmission velocities.

To justify …

The Eye Gaze Tracking Based Attention Switching Detection Methodology That Will Be Utilized For Triggering The Active Contents Observing Window From Multiple Contents Observable Windows Where Audio Will Be Triggered In The Active Content Observing Window While Audio Will Be Muted In The Non-Active Contents Observing Window., Punarjeewa Abeysekera

Defensive Publications Series

This paper describes an eye gaze tracking based attention switching detection methodology that will be utilized for triggering the active contents observing window from multiple contents observable windows where audio will be triggered in the active contents observing window while audio will be muted in the non-active contents observing window. The eye gaze tracking based attention switching detection methodology will require to utilize an eye tracking methodology, a virtual content viewing device or a physical content viewing device or a combination of a virtual content viewing device and a physical content viewing device. The user of the eye gaze tracking …

Technical Specification: Omnidirectional Multi-Vector Omni-Resonant Memory Substrate For High-Density Sovereign Storage, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification defines the physical architecture, material composition, manufacturing parameters, and control mathematics for an Omnidirectional Multi-Vector Omni-Resonant Non-Volatile Storage Matrix. Engineered to operate as a completely self-healing, ambient-temperature memory baseline for sovereign, main-duty processing networks, this specification eliminates external code or library references, providing an exhaustive, standalone manual for hardware replication.

We formalize four parallel physical storage channels: a mechanical acoustofluidic phase-change grid (A-RAM) deploying a Topologically Protected Cymatic Electrolyte Matrix (TPCEM) [Eckes], a stroboscopic optical emission hole-burning layer validated via tabletop three-dimensional photoemission orbital tomography (3D-POT), an electromagnetic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) vortex confinement cell, and an organic lipid-encapsulated solitonic …

Technical Specification: Standalone Integrated Quantum Computing Backbone For Resilient Silicon Replacement, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification defines the complete, self-contained architecture for a solid-state, ambient-temperature quantum processing unit (QPU) engineered to serve as a main-duty replacement for legacy silicon microarchitectures. To ensure absolute operational continuity in fragmented or disconnected environments, this document eliminates external data-dependency links, consolidating the physical layer heterostructure, peripheral control chipsets, parallel simulation algorithms, and laboratory metrology protocols into a singular, cohesive engineering package.

We explicitly formalize the hardware blueprints for three critical peripheral systems: a local Continuous Phase-Locked Loop (CPLL) Temporal Clock Module to mitigate sub-picosecond phase-jitter, a gate-level Acoustic Digital-to-Analog Converter (A-DAC) to translate legacy 64-bit binary registers into …

Technical Specification: Dual-Track Acoustofluidic Parametric Transition Apparatus For Qubit Stabilization, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification defines the physical architecture, material layers, and control mathematics for a Dual-Track Acoustofluidic Parametric Transition Apparatus designed to mitigate environmental decoherence in solid-state quantum processing units (QPUs). The device utilizes a high-frequency, Gallium Nitride (GaN)-driven interdigital concentric transducer matrix to generate phase-matched Surface Acoustic Waves (SAWs) across an organic monolayer crystal interface (PTCDA/Pentacene).

To ensure universal operational compatibility and robust defensive IP protection, this specification enforces a dual-track mathematical pipeline. Track A models the device performance through conventional quantum parametric phase-squeezing of vacuum fluctuations via a non-linear driven Hamiltonian. Track B models the identical physical mechanics through two-dimensional …

Technical Disclosure Specification: Laboratory Quantum Metrology Interface For Dehp Substrate Verification, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification formalizes an engineering protocol linking the Dimensionally Extended Holographic Projection (DEHP) cosmological framework to the three-dimensional Photoemission Orbital Tomography (3D-POT) metrology apparatus developed at the University of Göttingen. Utilizing tabletop, 35-femtosecond extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photoexcitation pulses coupled with high-resolution hemispherical momentum microscopy, the 3D-POT system isolates the complete three-dimensional spatial amplitude and phase profiles of electronic wavefunctions.

This disclosure operationalizes that laboratory apparatus as an empirical testbed for Topological Substrate Mechanics (TSM) [Eckes]. We demonstrate that the reconstructed out-of-plane vertical electron density profile (\(\Psi \)) maps directly to the vertical displacement coordinates (\(z > 0\)) of the DEHP fluid-substrate …

H‑Nare 1.0 — Hybrid Numeric‑Alphabetic Research Indexing Engine A New Cataloging Architecture For Multi‑Domain Open‑Hardware Portfolios (All Caldwell Inventions Included As Examples Only), Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

H‑NARE 1.0 is a new cataloging invention that organizes large open‑hardware portfolios using a hybrid numeric‑alphabetic indexing structure.

• Numbers (1–12) define macro‑domains.

• Letters (A–Z) define sub‑domains.

This creates a universal, reproducible, cross‑domain navigation system for research portfolios.

All Caldwell inventions listed below are examples of how the indexing engine works, not part of the invention itself.

Enhancing Patient Understanding: Standardizing Cardiac Medication Education Using Teach-Back For Heart Failure, Nicole Valerie Hediger

Master's Projects and Capstones

Problem: The transition from hospital to home places heart failure (HF) patients at risk for medication errors, nonadherence, deterioration, and rehospitalization. In a 28-bed medical-surgical telemetry microsystem, Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) scores indicated an opportunity for improvement: “Communication About Medicines” composite score of 47.9%; 62.5% of patients reported being informed about the medication purpose, and 33.3% reported that staff described potential side effects.

Context: A cohort of HF patients was selected to test teach-back methodology and improve patient understanding. Nurse champions volunteered for a 5-month improvement project.

Interventions: Teach-back methods were implemented. Nurse leader rounding …

Improving Pain Reassessment Within One Hour Of Pain Medication Administration, Geraldine B. Macalma

Master's Projects and Capstones

Abstract

Problem: Timely reassessment of pain is often missed or inconsistently documented, creating a gap between evidence-based standards and actual nursing practice. This inconsistency prevents evaluation of intervention effectiveness and contributes to unmanaged pain, reduced patient satisfaction, and safety concerns.

Context:  Pain reassessment is a critical component of evidence-based pain management, ensuring that nurses evaluate the effectiveness of interventions and adjust care accordingly.  Competing priorities and documentation challenges often lead to inconsistent reassessment, affecting patient comfort, safety, and overall quality of care.

Interventions: Guided by a Plan-Do-Study-Act framework, the intervention included documentation of a safety round, purposeful hourly rounding, …

Family Religious Socialization Index: Development And Preliminary Validation, Kaelie Rene Crockett

Theses and Dissertations

A key area of interest for religious scholars is how religious beliefs are passed across generations, or religious socialization. To expand this field of study, a theoretically grounded, validated measure of this construct is needed. This article describes the development and validation of the Family Religious Socialization Index (FRSI), a multi-informant, multidimensional assessment of the processes through which parents socialize religion and faith in their children. Based on Social Cognitive Theory and through a rigorous development and validation process, three subscales were developed to represent the primary processes of religious socialization. The FRSI consists of two parallel scales, a parent …

Deporting Disability, Tania Valdez

Faculty Publications

Since the enactment of the earliest migration laws in the United States, people with disabilities have been targeted for exclusion and expulsion based on stereotypes that they are either dangerous or not productive. Although some of the pejorative language regarding disability in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) has changed over time, certain statutory provisions and the very structure of the INA still allow ableism to operate broadly in immigration adjudications. This Article focuses on the subtle, but pervasive, ways that immigration law disfavors noncitizens with disabilities. In particular, this Article examines ableism in the context of removal (commonly known …