Digital Commons Network^™

Paternalistic Approaches To Care In Intensive Care And Its Potential Effects On Securing Consent For Organ Donation, Brian Tierney, Matt Carey

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Background: Organ Donation saved the lives of 1510 transplant recipients in the United Kingdom (UK) last year (NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), 2024. Although over 28 million people in the UK have registered a decision to ‘opt-In’ on the Organ Donor Register (ODR) (NHSBT, 2024), and a soft opt-out system has been adopted across all parts of the UK, securing next of kin agreement remains essential to proceed with organ donation (Rees et. al., 2024).Research Aims: Data from the UK’s Potential Donor Audit continues to highlight instances of limited engagement with organ donation services teams (O’Neill et al, 2024; NHSBT, …

Bypassing Bamd Essentiality By Mutations In A Non-Essential Substrate, Santosh Kumar, Anna Konovalova

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The β-barrel assembly machinery (Bam) is essential for assembling all transmembrane β-barrel outer membrane proteins in gram-negative bacteria. The Bam complex consists of the central β-barrel protein BamA and accessory Bam lipoproteins, including the widely conserved and essential BamD. BamD is assumed to be an essential regulator of OMP assembly, as its absence causes a global defect in OMP biogenesis. Here, we challenge this view by demonstrating that BamD essentiality is both conditional and substrate specific. In Escherichia coli, its function can be bypassed by preventing BamA jamming by a single, non-essential substrate RcsF. Our findings suggest that BamD …

Uc Transcript 2025-09-10, Northern Illinois University

University Council Archives

No abstract provided.

Uc Agenda 2025-09-10, Northern Illinois University

University Council Archives

No abstract provided.

Structure Of The T9ss Porkn Ring Complex Reveals Conformational Plasticity Based On The Repurposed Fge Fold, Xiangan Liu, John D Perpich, Liqiang Song, Christian Cambillau, Thierry Doan, Lei Zheng, Richard J Lamont, Eric Cascales, Bo Hu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The type IX secretion system (T9SS) is a protein secretion machinery unique to the Bacteroidetes-Chlorobi-Fibrobacteres superphylum, which plays crucial roles in bacterial pathogenesis and gliding motility. It is composed of >15 proteins, including the proton-motive force-dependent PorLM motor, the PorKN ring anchored to the outer membrane, and the Sov translocon. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy (EM) structure of the PorKN ring complex from Porphyromonas gingivalis at 3.2 Å resolution. Our structural analysis reveals that PorK contains a repurposed formylglycine-generating enzyme-like fold, which serves as a structural hub for complex assembly rather than enzymatic activity. The complex exhibits a 33-fold …

Retinoid-X-Receptor As A Mediator Of Poststroke Recovery By Reversing Age-Associated Phenotypes Of Microglia/Hematogenous Macrophages, Shun-Ming Ting, Xiurong Zhao, Guanghua Sun, Mercedes Ricote, Jaroslaw Aronowski

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

After stroke, microglia and hematogenous macrophages, together referred to as MΦ, clear dead cells and cellular debris in the infarcted brain through phagocytosis as an essential part of the recovery process. However, the phagocytic capability of MΦ declines with age. Furthermore, aged MΦ become overactivated in response to stroke, enhancing secondary brain injury. In this study, we demonstrated that by reversing the age-related dysfunctions in MΦ through activating the retinoid X receptor (RXR), the recovery after stroke in the aged brain could be improved. Using RNA-sequencing, we compared the transcriptomes between MΦ isolated from the brains of young and aged …

Spectrum, Volume 55, Issue 1, Sacred Heart University

Newspapers (Obelisk & Spectrum)

Highlights include: WSHU Loses Federal Funding - Introducing the Agape Center - Moving into New Beginnings at SH - SHU Hosts 14th Annual President’s Gala, 50 Days -1 Goal: Helping SHU Freshman Feel at Home - Touching Down into a New Conference

Paleoseismic Evidence Of Directivity For The 1976 Mw 7.5 Motagua Earthquake, Guatemala, Jonathan Obrist-Farner, Jeremy Maurer, Derek Gibson, Trenton Mcenaney, Andreas Eckert, William F. Kenney, Jeffrey Beeson, Nigel Wattrus, Quin Stangeland, Fatima Reyes

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

On 4 February 1976, a Mw 7.5 earthquake along the Motagua fault, Guatemala, ruptured ∼230 km of the North American and Caribbean plate boundary. Today, the plate boundary remains poorly monitored, and the 1976 earthquake is still not fully understood. Here, we present seismic reflection profiles and radiometrically dated sediment core data from six lakes around the Motagua fault, together with reports of destruction and a quasi-dynamic rupture model, which show that the 1976 earthquake experienced strong directivity that impacted the distribution of shaking. The earthquake left behind a detailed record of event deposits (EDs) in five of the six …

Innate And Adaptive Immune Features Associated With Immune-Related Adverse Events, Shaheen Khan, Venkat S Malladi, Mitchell S Von Itzstein, Hong Mu-Mosley, Farjana J Fattah, Yang Liu, Mary E Gwin, Jason Y Park, Suzanne M Cole, Sheena Bhalla, Jay Lohrey, David Hsiehchen, Angela Moses, Tao Wang, Yaming Xue, Angela B Mobley, J David Farrar, Marjaan Imam, Michelle Wu, Quan-Zhen Li, Edward K Wakeland, Yang Xie, Jeffrey A Sorelle, David E Gerber

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: While highly efficacious for numerous cancers, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause unpredictable and potentially severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs), underscoring the need to understand irAE biology.

Methods: We used a multidimensional approach incorporating single-cell RNA sequencing, mass cytometry, multiplex cytokine assay, and antinuclear antibody (ANA) profiling to characterize the peripheral immune landscape of patients receiving ICI therapy according to irAE development.

Results: Analysis of 162 patients revealed that individuals who developed clinically significant irAEs exhibited a baseline proinflammatory, autoimmune-like state characterized by a significantly higher abundance of CD57+ T and natural killer (NK) T cells, plasmablasts, proliferating and …

Inhibition Of The Ufd-1-Npl-4 Complex Triggers An Aberrant Immune Response In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Rajneesh Rao, Alejandro Aballay, Jogender Singh

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The UFD-1 (ubiquitin fusion degradation 1)-NPL-4 (nuclear protein localization homolog 4) heterodimer is involved in extracting ubiquitinated proteins from several plasma membrane locations, including the endoplasmic reticulum. This heterodimer complex helps in the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins via the proteasome with the help of the AAA+ATPase CDC-48. While the ubiquitin-proteasome system is known to have important roles in maintaining innate immune responses, the role of the UFD-1-NPL-4 complex in regulating immunity remains elusive. In this study, we investigate the role of the UFD-1-NPL-4 complex in maintaining

Bearing Witness: Témoignage As A Tool For Child Advocacy During Armed Conflict., Anik Patel, Amber Alayyan, Heather A. Haq, Parminder S. Suchdev, Naji Hattar, Jeffrey Goldhagen, David J. Schonfeld, Tanya Haj-Hassan, Lia Harris, Seema Jilani, Ayesha Kadir, Paul H. Wise, Lisa Umphrey

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Children affected by armed conflict suffer devastating physical, emotional, and social harm. War uproots families, forcing many to flee as refugees or internally displaced persons, while others remain trapped in dangerous environments. In these crises, children face disproportionate risks-violence, exploitation, disrupted education, and collapsed healthcare systems. Their unique vulnerabilities require urgent, targeted action to protect their health, rights, and development. Beyond immediate care, the humanitarian principle of témoignage-bearing witness-is essential. Rooted in humanitarian ethics, témoignage means speaking out about injustice, amplifying the voices of those affected, and driving systemic change. It challenges traditional notions of neutrality and calls on humanitarian …

Dental Educators’ Stress And Wellbeing In The Workplace- An International Perspective, Shannu Bhatia, Ruby Long, Sviatlana Anishchuk, Daniel Farnell, Morag Powell, Michael Bhotelo

Peninsula Dental School

Introduction: Supporting wellbeing of staff involved in dental education is vital to ensure the safe effective delivery of the curriculum and training of the dental workforce. There are only a limited number of studies on the stress and wellbeing of staff involved in dental education and the barriers they face in engaging with any wellbeing services provided. To plan strategies for the promotion of staff wellbeing, it is important to identify these and the barriers faced by staff. The aim of this study is to determine the stress and wellbeing of the staff involved in dental education and identify any …

Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices Of Emirati Citizens Regarding The Use Of Antidiabetic Medications For Weight Loss Purposes, Maha Alshamsi, Dalia Haroun

All Works

Antidiabetic medications have been increasingly used for weight loss purposes, but there is a lack of data regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and usage among the Emirati population. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Emirati females regarding the use of antidiabetic drugs for weight loss. A cross-sectional study was conducted using snowball sampling, including 140 female Emirati participants aged 18 and above. Data were collected through an online survey comprising multiple-choice questions, Likert scale items, and openended questions. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 29. Most participants were overweight (30%) or obese (23.6%). Around 17.9% …

The Politicization Of Security Issues In Political Leadership: A Study On The “Asing Dan Aseng” Narrative In Indonesian Elections, Suharjimantoro Suharjimantoro, Ratu Zahirah Lutfie

Jurnal Wacana Politik

This study investigates the politicization of security issues in Indonesian electoral politics through the construction and mobilization of the “Asing dan Aseng” narrative—a rhetorical strategy that depicts foreign influence and ethnic Chinese communities as existential threats to national sovereignty. The research aims to understand how political actors strategically use this narrative to mobilize voter support and legitimize their leadership. Using the theoretical lens of securitization and the politics of fear, the study applies a qualitative method based on critical discourse analysis of purposively selected campaign speeches, media coverage, and propaganda materials from the 2014 and 2019 presidential elections and the …

E-Government Utilization And The Political Logic Of Network Governance In Indonesia’S Local Administration, Dewi Anggraini, Faturachman Alputra Sudirman, Nur Atnan, Muhammad Najib Husain

Jurnal Wacana Politik

This article investigates the utilization of E-Government applications within the framework of network governance in Indonesia’s local administration. Drawing on both qualitative and quantitative methods, this study captures public perceptions of electronic information-based government services and explores the political and institutional dynamics underlying their implementation. Data were collected through questionnaires, document analysis, interviews, and focus group discussions (FGDs) with purposively selected informants, including leaders and staff from local government institutions. The findings demonstrate that e-government platforms enhance service efficiency, transparency, and public satisfaction. Moreover, these applications promote openness in financial management and intra-organizational communication, contributing to greater trust and comfort …

Longitudinal Associations Of Epigenetic Aging With Cognitive Aging In Hispanic/Latino Adults From The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study Of Latinos, Myriam Fornage, Wassim Tarraf, Rui Xia, Adriana Ordonez, Tamar Sofer, Freddie Márquez, Bharat Thyagarajan, Gregory A Talavera, Linda C Gallo, Charles Decarli, Hector M González

The Brown Foundation: Institute of Molecular Medicine

Due to the paucity of longitudinal DNA methylation data (DNAm), especially among Hispanic/Latino adults, the association between changes in epigenetic clocks over time and cognitive aging phenotypes has not been investigated. This longitudinal study included 2671 Hispanic/Latino adults (57 years; 66% women) with blood DNAm data and neurocognitive function assessed at two visits ~7 years apart. We evaluated the associations of 5 epigenetic clocks and their between-visit change with multiple measures of cognitive aging that included a global and domain-specific cognitive function score at each visit, between-visit change in global and domain-specific cognitive function score, and MCI diagnosis at visit …

Gw250114: Testing Hawking’S Area Law And The Kerr Nature Of Black Holes, A. G. Abac, I. Abouelfettouh, F. Acernese, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, R. Espinosa, J. Lawrence, Francisco Llamas Villarreal, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, M. Ramos Arevalo, Wenhui Wang

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

The gravitational-wave signal GW250114 was observed by the two LIGO detectors with a network matched-filter signal-to-noise ratio of 80. The signal was emitted by the coalescence of two black holes with near-equal masses m_{1}=33.6_{-0.8}^{+1.2}M_{⊙} and m_{2}=32.2_{-1.3}^{+0.8}M_{⊙}, and small spins χ_{1,2}≤0.26 (90% credibility) and negligible eccentricity e≤0.03. Postmerger data excluding the peak region are consistent with the dominant quadrupolar (ℓ=|m|=2) mode of a Kerr black hole and its first overtone. We constrain the modes' frequencies to ±30% of the Kerr spectrum, providing a test of the remnant's Kerr nature. We also examine Hawking's area law, also known as the second law …

Developing Workflows For Passive Acoustic Detection Of Bedload Transport, Quinn Morgan

Dissertations and Theses

Bedload transport is defined as the amount of sediment, including gravel and rocks, traveling down stream. Monitoring bedload transport is important for river safety, hydrological studies and conservation efforts. Existing methods of directly measuring bedload transport (or bedload flux) involve lowering a collection device into a river and measuring the sediment collected; which can be expensive and time consuming. Hydroacoustic sensors, such as hydrophones, have had success tracking bedload flux remotely. This works by measuring the relatively high frequency of sediment impacts to map onto total bedload transported. No perfected method for detection of sediment generated noise (SGN) currently exists. …

Barriers Beyond Bars: Examining Experiences Of Students With Criminal Records, Anakin Rivera Ramirez

Dissertations and Theses

As educational opportunities, particularly prison education programs, continue to expand for incarcerated individuals, this study, which included two participants, one formerly incarcerated and one who pleaded guilty to avoid incarceration, suggests that those who plead guilty to avoid prison may enter college without the structured reintegration resources available to their incarcerated peers. While substantial research has explored the school-to-prison pipeline phenomenon in K-12 settings, fewer studies have examined its impact on students with criminal records navigating higher education. Grounded in Critical Race Theory (CRT) in education, this study seeks to understand the experiences of carceral system-impacted students of color in …

Moving Forward With Maboo Liyan Boorroo: River Monitoring And Communicating Heritage And River Keeper Stories: Research Workshop Iii Summary Report, Anne Poelina, Tod Jones, Martin Brueckner, Pierre Horwitz, Sven Ouzman, Kylie Wrigley, Community Research Practioners - Martuwarra River Keepers

Reports accepted as research outputs

This Report provides a summary of activities and outcomes from the Maboo Liyan Boorroo Workshop III, held in June 2025. Three community Workshops have been held, involving an external multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional research team (the research team) visiting and working with the Yurmulun Pandanus Park Community and the Martuwarra Fitzroy River Council River Keepers. This visit followed two workshops with the community held in November 2021 (see Voices for the Martuwarra: Mapping Values with Fitzroy River Communities, 2021) and August 2022 (see Working together for Maboo Liyan Boorroo, 2022). This summary report provides detail on Workshop III discussions, activities and …

Harnessing Ai And Iot For Advancing Sustainable Development Methods, Najm A. Aleessawi, Soud Elmaskali

Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية للبحوث في التعليم العالي

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) offer transformative potential for advancing sustainable development, aligning with the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) of 72 peer-reviewed studies (2019–2025) to explore innovative models, methods, and applications of AI-IoT in promoting sustainability. Grounded in systems theory, socio-technical systems, and sustainability science, the findings highlight prevalent models, such as smart cities and precision agriculture, as well as advanced methods like machine learning and edge AI, with applications across energy, agriculture, healthcare, transportation, and water management. Key outcomes include 15–25% …

دور الجامعات الفلسطينية في تعزيز منظومة القيم لدى طلبتها من وجهة نظرهم, Mona Abdulrazzq Abu Holy, Mohyeldin Abdallah Ibrahim.

Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية للبحوث في التعليم العالي

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على دور الجامعات الفلسطينية في تعزيز منظومة القيم لدى طلبتها من وجهة نظرهم، واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتكون مجتمع الدراسة من جميع طلبة الجامعات الفلسطينية الثلاثة وهي (جامعة الأقصى، الجامعة الإسلامية، جامعة الأزهر)، في الفصل الدراسي الأول خلال عام 2022م– 2023م، وتم اختيار عينةً عشوائيةً طبقيةً من مجتمع الدراسة، حيث بلغت عينة الدراسة (375) طالباً وطالبةً، وتمثلت أداة الدراسة في استبانة دور الجامعات الفلسطينية في تعزيز منظومة القيم لدى طلبتها، وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة: أن دور الجامعات الفلسطينية في تعزيز القيم لدى الطلبة جاء بدرجة كبيرة وبمتوسط (48.3%) وبنسبة مئوية (69.5%). عدم وجود فروق ذات …

فعالية برنامج رياضي لتنمية المهارات الاجتماعية لدى الصم, Nashwan Abdullah Nashwan, Hani Sulaiman Alkhaledi, Ayat J. Nashwan

Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية للبحوث في التعليم العالي

هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن فعالية برنامج رياضي لتنمية المهارات الاجتماعية لدى الصم، وقد تألف مجتمع الدراسة من (60) أصماً في محافظة الزرقاء، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (20) أصماً من طلبة الصف التاسع الأساسي ضمن الفئة العمرية 14 عاماً، وتم اختيار عينة الدراسة بطريقة عشوائية تم تقسيمها الى مجموعة تجريبية تتكون من عشرة أصماء، وأخرى ضابطة تتكون من عشرة أصماء، واستخدم الباحثون المنهج شبه التجريبي، وتم تصميم مقياس المهارات الاجتماعية لدى الصم، وحصل المقياس على درجات جيدة من الصدق والثبات، وأظهرت النتائج بعد تطبيق البرنامج فعالية البرنامج لتنمية المهارات الاجتماعية لدى الصم، وتم تقديم عدد من المقترحات لمساعدة هذه الفئة …

مستوى الإبداع الحركي لدى طلبة مساقات ألعاب القوى في كليات التربية الرياضية بجامعتي اليرموك والهاشمية, Amal Suleiman Saleh Alzoubi

Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية للبحوث في التعليم العالي

هدف المقال التعرف إلى مستوى الإبداع الحركي لدى طلبة مساقات ألعاب القوى في كليات التربية الرياضية بجامعتي اليرموك والهاشمية، وكذلك معرفة الفروق الدالة الإحصائياً في مستوى الإبداع بين الطلبة بناءً على متغيري الجامعة والجنس. تكونت عينة الدراسة من (146) طالباً وطالبة، منهم 78 من جامعة اليرموك و68 من الجامعة الهاشمية، إذ بلغ عدد الذكور 91 والإناث 55 تم اختيارهم بالطريقة العمدية. اعتمدت الباحثة على المنهج المسحي لملاءمته وطبيعة الدراسة، واستخدمت الاستبانة كأداة لجمع البيانات، ولتحليل البيانات، تم استخدام برنامج التحليل الإحصائي (SPSS) لاستخراج المتوسطات الحسابية والانحراف المعياري واختبار (T-test) للفروق، أظهرت النتائج أن مستوى الإبداع لدى أفراد عينة الدراسة جاء …

Efek Program Pendampingan Umkm Terhadap Performa Ketahanan Pendapatan Dan Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja Umkm : Studi Kasus Program Jakpreneur Dki Jakarta, Farah Khoirur Fadhila, Muhammad Hanri

Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi

This study discusses the effects of assistance program with business digitalization features, on the income resilience and labor absorption of the assisted MSMEs, case study of DKI Jakarta’s JakPreneur Program. Observation data from 2017-2021 tested business resilience under time and economic crisis challenge, cause of pandemic. Treatment group is 31 respondents of JakPreneur members who had participated since 2017 or 2018. Control group is SAKERNAS data from 2017-2021. The result shows that treatment groups had lower incomes but were able to retain workers compared to control groups. Their low income is due to limitations in implementing business digitalization and accounting.

Psychometric Evaluation Of Nursing Perceptions In Caring For Patients With Delirium Scale, Yunchuan Zhao, Elena Jacobs, Brittany Kelley, Anna C. Quon, Laura J. Tivis

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background/Purpose: Delirium is a serious and often under-recognized condition in hospitalized patients, particularly in critical and acute care settings. Nurses play a key role in delirium prevention, screening, and management.1 However, nurses may not consistently use evidence-based practices when caring for patients with delirium.2,3 Research shows that nurses’ attitudes and perceptions towards delirium can significantly affect the quality of delirium care.4,5 It is important to identify and understand nursing perceptions of delirium to address barriers in delirium prevention and management. Currently, there is no valid instrument to assess nursing perceptions when caring for patients with delirium. The study aimed to …

Physical Activity Level Associates With Long Covid Symptoms And Quality Of Life, Chia-Huei Lin

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: Long COVID has emerged as a significant global health concern, leading to functional impairments, sleep disturbances, and a reduced quality of life (QoL). Moderate-to-high levels of physical activity (PA) have been shown to reduce the risk of health complications, improve cardiovascular health, and enhance patient-reported outcomes in chronic diseases. However, limited evidence exists regarding its impact on long COVID symptoms, sleep quality, and QoL in individuals with long COVID.

Objective: To investigate whether a moderate-to-high level of PA level associates with long COVID symptoms, sleep quality, and QoL in individuals with long COVID.

Methods: A cross-sectional …

Bridging Theory-Practice Gaps: Military Nurses' Combat Palliative Praxis And Care Competency, Deborah Kenny, Sean Reed

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background/Purpose: Evidence-based national guidelines establish traditional palliative care standards, yet there are gaps in applying competencies amidst combat nursing complexity, frontline fluctuations, and mass casualties. During the most recent wars, nurses related reluctance in triaging and not knowing how to care for severely ill and dying young service members (Kenny & Kelley, 2019; Kelley, Kenny, & Donley, 2017). Relevant nursing theory integration is lacking to guide this distinctly difficult context marked by severity and suffering, requiring theoretical nursing models attuned to combat conditions.

Aims/Outcomes: This presentation aims to describe an ongoing study using an adapted unitary caring science model (Reed …

Barriers And Facilitators Of Implementing A Novel Pediatric Nurse Preceptor Program In Malawi, Brittney Van De Water, Kelsey Renning, Olivia Yang, Ijaabo Ali, Blessings Chiluzi, Chimwemwe Mula, Julie Mann, Netsayi Gowero, Ando Nyondo, Lignet Chepuka

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Purpose: Examine barriers and facilitators to implementation of a novel pediatric critical care preceptor program in Malawi.

Background: Malawi is a low-middle income country in sub-Saharan Africa with significant gaps in the availability of pediatric critical care nurses. We conducted a needs assessment in 2022 and developed a novel preceptor program to address these shortages.^1,2 The program was found to be effective;³ however, to understand barriers and facilitators to the implementation of this preceptor program in Malawi, we conducted followed-up interviews with participants.

Methods: Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), interviews were conducted …

Ethics In Practice: Exploring Ethics And Values With Newly Licensed Nurses, Kimberly Hodges, Kayla Dunagan

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Purpose: Exploring ethics and moral values with newly licensed nurses (NLN) is a novel approach to addressing the application of healthcare ethics in ethical dilemmas across healthcare environments. Recent data trends and the literature indicates ethical and moral distress impacts the profession’s emotional stability (Berhie et al., 2020).

Background & Significance: Historically, the organization’s Registered Nurse Residency program covered ethics content during one session. An objective of the project was to increase opportunities for NLNs to explore their role in ethical dilemmas (American Nurses Association, 2015). A gap analysis including previous evaluation data revealed a need for frequent ethics discussions. …