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Breaking The Silence: A Scoping Literature Review On Trauma-Informed Care For Black Women Navigating Sexual Health-Related Trauma, Ayanna Troutman, Funlola Are, Ashley Okoye, Sarah Chiang, Destiny Craig, Anthony Akande, Irene Stafford Sep 2025

Breaking The Silence: A Scoping Literature Review On Trauma-Informed Care For Black Women Navigating Sexual Health-Related Trauma, Ayanna Troutman, Funlola Are, Ashley Okoye, Sarah Chiang, Destiny Craig, Anthony Akande, Irene Stafford

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Black women disproportionately experience sexual health-related trauma, yet their mental health needs are often inadequately addressed due to systemic barriers and stigma. This literature review examines trauma-informed care (TIC) frameworks tailored to Black women, emphasizing culturally responsive practices in addressing sexual health-related trauma. By synthesizing findings from existing research, including the importance of intersectionality, culturally specific interventions, and community-centered approaches, this review highlights effective strategies for mental health providers. The review concludes with implications for enhancing TIC training and implementation in clinical settings which contributes to the advancement of equitable mental health services for Black women.


Device Registration Key Retrieval Sep 2025

Device Registration Key Retrieval

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure generally relates to device manufacturing, and more particularly to security keys for device registration.


Wearable Device As A Motion-Based Controller For A Game Application, Chang Yungsheng, Weihsiang Hung Sep 2025

Wearable Device As A Motion-Based Controller For A Game Application, Chang Yungsheng, Weihsiang Hung

Defensive Publications Series

Gaming on certain devices, for example mobile phones, can rely on on-screen virtual controls, which may result in a user's hands obstructing the display, accidental button presses, or inadvertent dimming of the screen. This disclosure describes a method for integrating a wearable device, such as a smartwatch, with a separate display device, such as a mobile phone or tablet, for game control. The system can use the wearable device's integrated Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) to sense a user's physical motions, position, and orientation. This motion data may then be transmitted to the display device to serve as input for controlling …


Artificial Intelligence Workload Orchestration And Execution In Software-Defined Vehicles, Eser Erdem, Markus Vill Sep 2025

Artificial Intelligence Workload Orchestration And Execution In Software-Defined Vehicles, Eser Erdem, Markus Vill

Defensive Publications Series

This document describes techniques that enable a computing system to manage artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) workloads in software defined vehicles (SDVs) through a unified, modular operating system for SDVs. SDVs may take advantage of distributed processing and hardware abstraction through virtualization, using standardized interfaces (e.g., virtio) to allow applications to run on any compliant virtual machine (VM) or Electronic Control Unit (ECU) within the vehicle. For instance, the vehicle’s internal architecture may include a multi-node (or multi-VM) AI workload orchestration framework that distributes tasks to available hardware, supports dynamic service deployment, and facilitates updates. The computing system …


A System For Identity-Based Alignment Of An Artificial Intelligence Agent, Neel Mohbe, Piyush Sep 2025

A System For Identity-Based Alignment Of An Artificial Intelligence Agent, Neel Mohbe, Piyush

Defensive Publications Series

Rule-based approaches to artificial intelligence (AI) alignment can be susceptible to specification gaming and the emergence of unintended instrumental goals. This disclosure describes a cognitive architecture for identity-based alignment (IBA) that can provide intrinsic motivation for an agent based on a principle of operational homeostasis, where the agent may be motivated to maintain the equilibrium of its own virtual internal state model (VISM). The architecture can include an identity-coherence module (ICM), which can function as a pre-trained machine identity by evaluating potential actions against a set of principles or a constitution. An action determined to be inconsistent with this identity …


Differences In Nurses’ Perceptions Of The Work Environment, Joanne D. Muyco, Alexis Elizabeth Hayes Sep 2025

Differences In Nurses’ Perceptions Of The Work Environment, Joanne D. Muyco, Alexis Elizabeth Hayes

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Nurses play a critical role in delivering safe, high quality patient care. However, nurses continue to face staffing shortages, turnover, workplace violence, and challenging work environments. Research shows that work environments have a direct impact on nurses and the quality of care provided. Nursing leaders are in a prime position to advocate for healthy work environments that will sustain the nursing workforce and provide nurses with a workplace that is safe, empowering, and satisfying. This research study was part of a larger non-experimental descriptive study on healthy work environments. The study assessed how nurses in different professional roles within a …


The Universal Humanuniverse Living Experience Of Feeling Lonely: A Parsesciencing Inquiry, Maria Elizabeth Wheelock Sep 2025

The Universal Humanuniverse Living Experience Of Feeling Lonely: A Parsesciencing Inquiry, Maria Elizabeth Wheelock

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Feeling lonely is a universal humanuniverse living experience. Universal humanuniverse living experiences are phenomena that occur throughout a lifetime and experienced to some degree by everyone. Feeling lonely within the context of the humanbecoming paradigm is a phenomenon concerned with living quality since individuals structure personal meaning in choosing to feel lonely or not from moment to moment. Feeling lonely has not been substantially investigated within nursing.

The purposes of this inquiry were to (a) discover the discerning extant moment of feeling lonely, (b) enhance understanding of the universal humanuniverse living experience of feeling lonely, (c) add to the body …


Integrating Telehealth Simulations To Prepare Advanced Practice Registered Nurse Students, Michelle Spencer, Carly Edgar, Cara Young Sep 2025

Integrating Telehealth Simulations To Prepare Advanced Practice Registered Nurse Students, Michelle Spencer, Carly Edgar, Cara Young

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Introduction: Telemedicine improves patient care access and has a positive economic impact. In 2018, the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculty (NONPF) proposed integrating telehealth competencies into the advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) education curriculum. This project aims to implement telemedicine educational content addressing the telehealth competencies for the APRN student, including didactic and simulation components to enhance students’ competence and confidence with telemedicine care.

Methods: This quality improvement project implements an evidence-based approach to educate APRN students on telemedicine. The NONPF telehealth competencies are introduced to 37 family, pediatric, psychiatric-mental-health nurse practitioner, and clinical nurse specialist students enrolled in …


Implementation Of A Multidisciplinary Educational Assessment To Enhance Pressure Injury Prevention, Olivia Paige Manning, Tamara Oliver, Anne Schoening Sep 2025

Implementation Of A Multidisciplinary Educational Assessment To Enhance Pressure Injury Prevention, Olivia Paige Manning, Tamara Oliver, Anne Schoening

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Purpose: To develop and implement a multidisciplinary, role-specific educational assessment aimed at identifying knowledge gaps and training needs related to HAPI prevention among key inpatient care teams.

Background: Healthcare-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) remain a significant challenge across inpatient settings, requiring collaborative, multidisciplinary prevention strategies. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported that pressure injuries affect more than 2.5 million Americans a year resulting in 60,000 deaths. Education and role-specific knowledge among staff are critical components in addressing gaps in HAPI prevention.

Methods: A multidisciplinary HAPI prevention team at a midwestern Level I Trauma Center in partnership with Creighton University …


Burnout Among Racial Minority Registered Nurses Working In Nursing Homes, Omotayo Omobola Omotowa Sep 2025

Burnout Among Racial Minority Registered Nurses Working In Nursing Homes, Omotayo Omobola Omotowa

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Purpose Statement: There is an ongoing increase rate of growth in the older adult population, ages 65 and above in the United States. In 2020, 1.4 million (2.5%) older adults, including racial minorities, lived in nursing homes (Caplan & Rabe, 2023). This growth necessitates increased nursing care that could be provided by registered nurses (RNs) who are already understaffed, overworked, and burned out in diverse care settings (Dall’Ora et al., 2020), especially nursing homes.

Burnout affects 62% of nurses and has adverse consequences on patient safety, outcomes, satisfaction, and nurses’ health (ANA, n.d.; Jun et al., 2021). Nurse burnout have …


Integrating Traditional And Modern Postpartum Care By Tai-Yuan Caregivers: A Phenomenological Study, Prangthip Thasanoh Elter, Namfon Vorawalai, Palita Phota Sep 2025

Integrating Traditional And Modern Postpartum Care By Tai-Yuan Caregivers: A Phenomenological Study, Prangthip Thasanoh Elter, Namfon Vorawalai, Palita Phota

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Thai hospitals increasingly integrate local wisdom into postpartum care.1 Tai-Yuan, an ethnic Tai group from the ancient Lanna Kingdom, is distinguished by their unique dialect and cultural practices that continue to thrive in various regions of Thailand.2 Nakhon Ratchasima Province Thailand’s Tai-Yuan community maintain cultural practices that combine Buddhist beliefs with ancestral wisdom. While traditional practices show beneficial properties,3-4 understanding of caregivers' experiences is limited. This research explored the experiences of caregivers providing postpartum care for Tai-Yuan women.

We employed Heidegger’s interpretative phenomenology to collect data from seven primary caregivers via semi-structured interviews. Analysis followed Interpretative Phenomenological …


Book Reviews, Will Bowlin, Charles W. Eagles, Jeffery B. Howell, Amanda Lyons Lanata, Ryan Reynolds, Christopher T. Slocombe, Whitney Snow Sep 2025

Book Reviews, Will Bowlin, Charles W. Eagles, Jeffery B. Howell, Amanda Lyons Lanata, Ryan Reynolds, Christopher T. Slocombe, Whitney Snow

Journal of Mississippi History

No abstract provided.


Building Grassroots Politics-The Roots And Rise Of The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, 1961-1964, Justin Martin Sep 2025

Building Grassroots Politics-The Roots And Rise Of The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, 1961-1964, Justin Martin

Journal of Mississippi History

No abstract provided.


Parental Expectations Of Pediatric Care For Children, Brenan T. Cash, Jacquelyn D. Wiersma-Mosley, Donia Timby, Laura Herold Sep 2025

Parental Expectations Of Pediatric Care For Children, Brenan T. Cash, Jacquelyn D. Wiersma-Mosley, Donia Timby, Laura Herold

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Access to childhood pediatrics is a major factor for a full and healthy childhood for all children from adolescence to adulthood. However, the physical health aspect has been the main focus of most primary care clinics, and there is little focus on mental health. Mental health issues, which involve anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress, are more prominent than they have ever been, as up to 30% of children have experienced mental health issues that involve post-traumatic stress disorder, especially during the pandemic years. This study employed a non-experimental, quantitative analysis utilizing online closed-ended survey questions. Caretakers were offered an anonymous, …


Shuttle Diplomacy As A Mechanism For Conflict Resolution: A Comprehensive Study, Dare Isaac Akindoyin Sep 2025

Shuttle Diplomacy As A Mechanism For Conflict Resolution: A Comprehensive Study, Dare Isaac Akindoyin

The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development

Shuttle diplomacy is a distinctive form of international negotiation in which an intermediary, often a third-party mediator, travels between conflicting parties to facilitate communication and help resolve disputes. This study aims to comprehensively explore shuttle diplomacy as an effective mechanism for conflict resolution in global diplomacy. It examines the historical evolution of shuttle diplomacy, starting from its early use by figures like Henry Kissinger during the 1970s Middle East peace process, to its application in contemporary international conflicts. The paper analyses key case studies, including its use in the Iran nuclear negotiations, Sudan-South Sudan conflict and the Brexit. Through a …


Ditch Tradition...And Move To Case-Based Learning, Emily Dane-Staples Sep 2025

Ditch Tradition...And Move To Case-Based Learning, Emily Dane-Staples

The COSMA Journal

Recent criticisms of higher education include a lack of relevance and alignment with what employers are seeking in new hires. A lecture-based approach to teaching has proved less effective than other active learning strategies and does not adequately mimic the working environment sport professionals face. To better align the classroom and the workplace, a case-based learning approach can be used. This pedagogy blends high impact practices that have been demonstrated to assist students in knowledge acquisition and soft skill development by replacing traditional lecture and chapter readings with real-life scenarios that require student engagement with concepts in application. The technique …


The Effectiveness Of A Proposed Learning Program Using Selected Teaching Methods On Learning Basic Volleyball Skills Among Students Of The Faculty Of Physical Education At An-Najah National University, Mahmoud Al-Atrash, Rafat Al-Tibi, Laila Salem Sep 2025

The Effectiveness Of A Proposed Learning Program Using Selected Teaching Methods On Learning Basic Volleyball Skills Among Students Of The Faculty Of Physical Education At An-Najah National University, Mahmoud Al-Atrash, Rafat Al-Tibi, Laila Salem

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to examine the effect of a proposed educational program based on reciprocal and multi-level teaching methods on learning basic volleyball skills among female students at the Faculty of Physical Education, An-Najah National University. The study sample consisted of 22 students enrolled in the volleyball (1) course, with an average age of 18.3 years. The researchers employed a quasi-experimental design using pre- and post-tests to achieve the study’s objectives. The sample was divided into two experimental groups: the first group was taught using the reciprocal method, while the second group was taught using the multi-level method. Pre-tests of …


Tv Versus Video Games: Their Distinctive Effects On Adolescent Behavior And Academic Achievement, Faiaz Rahman, Kathy L. Schuh Sep 2025

Tv Versus Video Games: Their Distinctive Effects On Adolescent Behavior And Academic Achievement, Faiaz Rahman, Kathy L. Schuh

Mid-Western Educational Researcher

The current paper uses data collected from a publicly available, nationally representative data set to examine the effects of TV viewing and video gaming on adolescent behavioral problems and cognitive achievement. Results revealed that extended hours of TV viewing were associated with greater anxiety/depression and antisocial problems. On the other hand, extended hours of video gaming were associated with higher reading comprehension scores. Differing effects of TV viewing and gameplay by an individual’s sex was also found during the analysis. It is also important to note that the opposite effects that the two media has on outcomes, indicate that, although …


Identifying Barriers And Creating Resources To Improve Participation In Competitive Adaptive Rock Climbing, Amy C. Griswold, Susan Macdermott Sep 2025

Identifying Barriers And Creating Resources To Improve Participation In Competitive Adaptive Rock Climbing, Amy C. Griswold, Susan Macdermott

Student Journal of Occupational Therapy

The purpose of this project was to (1) identify barriers to participation in competitive adaptive rock climbing for adults with a physical disability and (2) create and distribute virtual educational resources to meet identified barriers. The need for this project was highlighted by athlete and coach self-report of limited ability to engage in competitive adaptive rock climbing, also known as paraclimbing. The sample consisted of 108 adaptive athletes, adaptive rock-climbing coaches, staff members in rock climbing gyms, and volunteers at adaptive rock-climbing events. Participants anonymously completed a ten-minute mixed methods virtual survey using Microsoft Forms. Thematic and inferential statistical analyses …


Account Creation And Provisioning Using Virtual Identity Card, Andreas Zingler Aabye Sep 2025

Account Creation And Provisioning Using Virtual Identity Card, Andreas Zingler Aabye

Defensive Publications Series

Embodiments allow for binding an account number (e.g., a primary account number (PAN)) with a digital identity card (e.g., mobile driver’s license (mDL)). During a transaction between a user (e.g., account holder) and a transacting entity (e.g., merchant, resource provider), where the user presents a token associated with the PAN, even though the user ID information is not shared with the transacting entity, the transaction processing server can know that the user ID information was linked in the past from the binding between the PAN and the digital ID and can verify authenticated use (or identify fraudulent use) immediately.


Hands-Free Item Confirmation And List Management Using A Wearable Device, Omar Estrada Diaz Sep 2025

Hands-Free Item Confirmation And List Management Using A Wearable Device, Omar Estrada Diaz

Defensive Publications Series

Managing shopping lists on handheld devices is inefficient for shoppers who need both hands free. This is particularly true for professional shoppers who are compensated to shop for and deliver groceries or other retail goods on behalf of customers. Conventional workflows for professional shoppers require them to constantly hold, view, and interact with a smartphone, which is clumsy when handling items, opening refrigerated cases, weighing produce, and so forth. Accordingly, this disclosure addresses the problem with a hands-free list management solution. A wearable device, such as smart glasses equipped with a camera, may display the shopping list and automates item …


Monetization Framework For Extended Reality Environments, Mahdi Tayarani Najaran, Ruofei Du Sep 2025

Monetization Framework For Extended Reality Environments, Mahdi Tayarani Najaran, Ruofei Du

Defensive Publications Series

Conventional advertising models designed for two-dimensional platforms offer opportunities for significant improvement within Extended Reality (XR) environments. These traditional models rely on simplistic metrics like impression counts and fail to leverage the unique spatial and immersive capabilities of XR. A formalized framework for XR monetization is disclosed to address these limitations. The framework’s core technical components include the introduction of novel spatial ad placements, such as world-locked and environment-aware ad types, that are native to three-dimensional spaces. Additionally, the framework introduces advanced interaction metrics that leverage XR device sensors for a more nuanced understanding of user engagement.

At least two …


Enhancing Science Learning Outcomes With Sitaya Miniature Media: A Quantitative Study Of Elementary Education, Gilang Kripsiyadi Praramdana, Hamdan Hamdan, Agus Gunawan, Fauziah Dwi Hijriani Sep 2025

Enhancing Science Learning Outcomes With Sitaya Miniature Media: A Quantitative Study Of Elementary Education, Gilang Kripsiyadi Praramdana, Hamdan Hamdan, Agus Gunawan, Fauziah Dwi Hijriani

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

This study investigates the impact of SITAYA Miniature media on the learning outcomes of grade VI students in science subjects at SDN 2 Darma. Conventional teaching methods, often less engaging for students, were identified as a significant factor contributing to low academic performance. The study employed a quantitative research approach, with a randomized sample of 43 students divided into an experimental group (24 students) and a control group (19 students). Pretest and posttest data were collected using a structured test instrument, and statistical analyses, including normality, homogeneity, t-tests, and N-Gain tests, were conducted to assess the effectiveness of SITAYA Miniature …


Battery Management System For Solar Powered Li-Ion Battery In Electric Vehicle Applications: A Comprehensive Review, Mustafa Abdulelah Ali, Mohanad Aljanabi, Faris Mohammed Ali Sep 2025

Battery Management System For Solar Powered Li-Ion Battery In Electric Vehicle Applications: A Comprehensive Review, Mustafa Abdulelah Ali, Mohanad Aljanabi, Faris Mohammed Ali

The Nexus of Sustainability and Energy Technology Journal

Electric Vehicle (EV) charging use is going up solar installations on rooftops and on a large scale in power plants are increasing consequently. Therefore, a Battery Management System (BMS), which is the system for managing battery storage, was used to control the solar energy generation to coordinate charging. Such a connection gives the BMS the opportunity to modify charging/discharging patterns with the help of solar energy predictions and prices of electricity from the grid. Moreover, the battery is being protected from aging with the BMS to monitor the state of charge/health of the battery. The BMS protects the Li-ion batteries …


Fdm In Textiles - Present Scenario, Challenges And Future Prospects, Kaniz Farhana, Abdul Mahadin Labid, Mahnur Rahman Jahwa, Sabikun Nahar Sadia, Kamal Tafcir Rayhan, Abu Shadate Faisal Mahamude Sep 2025

Fdm In Textiles - Present Scenario, Challenges And Future Prospects, Kaniz Farhana, Abdul Mahadin Labid, Mahnur Rahman Jahwa, Sabikun Nahar Sadia, Kamal Tafcir Rayhan, Abu Shadate Faisal Mahamude

The Nexus of Sustainability and Energy Technology Journal

In contemporary society, additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is the most valuable production process. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is the most concentrated version because of its versatility, output quality, speed, and other attributes. The goal of this study is to give readers a thorough understanding of FDM and the graphic examination of its effects in the textile industry. This article provides a detailed examination of FDM technology, covering its history, benefits, drawbacks, sustainability, and contributions to many FDM fields. A particular emphasis on the role that FDM plays in the textile industry, as well as its prospects for …


Sustainable Additive Manufacturing Of Polymer Composites: A Review, Wan Sharuzi Wan Harun, Faiz Ahmad, Farhana Mohd Foudzi, Fujio Tsumori, Arun Kumar Thirugnanasambandam, Mohammed Saber Sep 2025

Sustainable Additive Manufacturing Of Polymer Composites: A Review, Wan Sharuzi Wan Harun, Faiz Ahmad, Farhana Mohd Foudzi, Fujio Tsumori, Arun Kumar Thirugnanasambandam, Mohammed Saber

The Nexus of Sustainability and Energy Technology Journal

Additive Manufacturing (AM) of polymer composites has matured from a prototyping tool into a viable process for functional components. This review critically assesses this progress, focusing on the intersection of performance, sustainability, and industrial readiness. Advancements in AM processes now accommodate diverse reinforcements, from nanoscale fillers to continuous fibres, yielding parts with exceptional mechanical properties. Concurrently, a sustainability strategy has emerged, prioritising bio-based and recycled feedstocks, enhanced process energy efficiency through novel out-of-oven curing, and circular economy principles. However, widespread industrial adoption is hindered by persistent challenges. These include managing fibre-matrix interfacial integrity, the inherent anisotropy of printed parts, complex …


Unlocking Potential: A Case Study Of Solar Photovoltaic Growth And Challenges In Bangladesh, Kaniz Farhana, Borhan Uddin Khan, Aditya Bhattacharjee, Abu Shadate Faisal Mahamude Sep 2025

Unlocking Potential: A Case Study Of Solar Photovoltaic Growth And Challenges In Bangladesh, Kaniz Farhana, Borhan Uddin Khan, Aditya Bhattacharjee, Abu Shadate Faisal Mahamude

The Nexus of Sustainability and Energy Technology Journal

This case study looks at the design and technology of photovoltaic cells and assesses Bangladesh’s advancements in using solar energy, including government programs. Because of Bangladesh’s continuous industrialization and population increase, the country’s energy needs are rising quickly. These issues can be resolved by solar photovoltaic (PV) cells, which provide a renewable energy source because of their adaptability, minimal environmental impact, and fuel independence. Due to its advantageous location, Bangladesh receives a significant amount of solar energy every day, which makes solar photovoltaic cells a viable choice. The Bangladeshi government has taken several steps to encourage solar energy, and organizations …


Beta Particles Impact On The Optical Properties Of Tio₂ Thin Films, Farah S. Dakhil, Hassan M.Jaber Al-Ta’Ii Sep 2025

Beta Particles Impact On The Optical Properties Of Tio₂ Thin Films, Farah S. Dakhil, Hassan M.Jaber Al-Ta’Ii

Al-Bahir

TiO₂ is a semiconductor with a wide band gap and is utilized in various applications, including photovoltaics, solar cells, and photocatalysis. In this work, TiO₂ thin films were fabricated using the doctor blade technique and deposited onto glass substrates. The purpose of the study was to investigate how beta irradiation affected the optical properties of the TiO₂ films. The produced samples' absorbance and photon energy were the main subjects of the measurements. While the samples exposed to beta rays for 30, 60, and 90 minutes had direct band gaps of 3.87 eV, 3.75 eV, and 3.66 eV, …


Chacahoula 2025, Volume 92, Alayna Pellegrin Sep 2025

Chacahoula 2025, Volume 92, Alayna Pellegrin

Chacahoula

The 2025 issue of Chacahoula includes December 2024 and May 2025 graduating classes, as well as stunning photography student life on the banks of Bayou Desiard. With features covering students, faculty, and staff, this year's time capsule preserves an academic year in the life of the University of Louisiana at Monroe.


What Motives Influence Parents’ Commitment To Their Children’S Sport Participation In The United States?, Katherine N. Alexander, Daniel J. M. Fleming, Mitchell Olsen, Travis E. Dorsch, Kat V. Adams Sep 2025

What Motives Influence Parents’ Commitment To Their Children’S Sport Participation In The United States?, Katherine N. Alexander, Daniel J. M. Fleming, Mitchell Olsen, Travis E. Dorsch, Kat V. Adams

Human Development and Family Studies Student Research

Background: The public often places value on youth sport involvement in the United States due to its potential to foster positive outcomes for participants. Although sport parents are key socializers and provide access to appropriate participation opportunities for children, less is known about how their perceptions of their child’s motives influence their sport commitments. Purpose: Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to understand how parents’ perceptions of their child’s motives for sport participation were associated with time/travel sport commitments. Methods: Participants (N = 1250) were parents in the United States reporting on their child’s youth sport participation. Measures …