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Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Finding Black Joy: Understanding How Black Students Are Seen, Affirmed, And Nourished In Expanded Learning Opportunities., Jamila Mosley
Finding Black Joy: Understanding How Black Students Are Seen, Affirmed, And Nourished In Expanded Learning Opportunities., Jamila Mosley
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation examines how Black students experience Black joy within expanded learning opportunity (ELO) programs and how those programs are structured to nurture that joy. It is guided by the central research question: How do Black students describe the ways in which an expanded learning opportunity program fosters their joy through experiences of being seen, affirmed, and nourished? Using an instrumental case study design at two secondary schools, the study draws on semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and observations of students participating in robotics, debate, Sister Circle, cheer, basketball, and creative writing. Data were analyzed through multiple cycles of coding, first …
Evaluating The Risk And Etiological Factors Of Relative Energy Deficiency In Sport (Red-S) In Collegiate Female Wrestlers, Cari Barrett
Evaluating The Risk And Etiological Factors Of Relative Energy Deficiency In Sport (Red-S) In Collegiate Female Wrestlers, Cari Barrett
Doctorate in Kinesiology
Becoming a collegiate athlete requires physical, mental, and emotional preparation through sport-specific training and nutritional strategies, which are critical for peak performance. However, many female athletes, particularly those in weight-sensitive sports, struggle to meet energy needs, increasing the risk of low energy availability (LEA) and relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S). This study examined RED-S risk and its etiological factors among female collegiate wrestlers at two time points: preseason and in-season. Fifteen female collegiate wrestlers from a local university completed self-reported questionnaires and anthropometric assessments during both phases. The Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) assessed physiological symptoms of …
The Error Of Replacement Theology, Its Significance For Christians Today, And Its Theological Implications For Participants In The Vintage Truth Bible Study, Jeffery Bruce Kinley
The Error Of Replacement Theology, Its Significance For Christians Today, And Its Theological Implications For Participants In The Vintage Truth Bible Study, Jeffery Bruce Kinley
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The nation of Israel regularly makes geopolitical and cultural headlines, and antisemitism continues to increase on a global scale. This carries profound theological and practical implications regarding Israel’s relationship and relevance to the Church. This DMin action research project was designed and implemented to evaluate the impact of replacement theology on approximately thirty participants in the Vintage Truth Bible Study. Through a sustained, eight-week study examining the tenets of replacement theology, along with Scripture’s teaching on God’s relationship with and covenants to Israel, and prophecies regarding that nation’s future, the doctrine was addressed. The research combined thorough biblical exposition, three …
Exploring Veterans' Experiences And Perceptions Of Mental Health Support: A Comparative Study Of Va Services Versus Civilian Mental Health Services, Jameelah Johnson
Exploring Veterans' Experiences And Perceptions Of Mental Health Support: A Comparative Study Of Va Services Versus Civilian Mental Health Services, Jameelah Johnson
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This phenomenological investigation aimed to describe and interpret the experiences of veterans who received mental health care from veterans at Veterans Administration (VA) facilities and civilian healthcare providers in the Mid-Atlantic region. The investigation examined the complex issues veterans encounter when accessing mental healthcare through both VA services and civilian providers. The research investigated veterans' views on essential elements such as trustworthiness, cultural competence within care systems, accessibility to services, and the quality of therapeutic relationships. The framework helped us comprehend how veterans’ attitudes, together with their subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, shape their decisions about using mental health …
Developing Healthy Leaders For Multiplication At The Bridge Church, Joshua D. Robinson
Developing Healthy Leaders For Multiplication At The Bridge Church, Joshua D. Robinson
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The problem addressed in this DMIN action research project is the lack of a clearly defined biblical framework for the ongoing leadership development at TBC in Venice, Florida, amid rapid growth and increasing attendance. This gap has hindered the equipping of leaders to disciple and lead others and fulfill the Great Commission through church multiplication. The purpose of this project was to design and implement a biblically grounded leadership pathway, including The Bridge Institute (TBI), to equip current and future servant leaders for maturity, relational authenticity, and missional impact. The goals included developing improved assimilation, increasing volunteer engagement, and creating …
What My Church Mother Taught Me: A Phenomenological Exploration Of The Maternal Messages Given To Black Christian Women On How To Cope With Trauma, Melanie Joyce Coates
What My Church Mother Taught Me: A Phenomenological Exploration Of The Maternal Messages Given To Black Christian Women On How To Cope With Trauma, Melanie Joyce Coates
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of Black women in Churches of Christ as they perceive and interpret maternal messages about coping with and managing the effects of traumatic experiences. For this study, maternal messages was defined as advice, support, mentorship, or guidance from older Black Christian women to younger Black Christian women. It was important to understand the ways in which older Black women teach younger Black women in navigating mental health challenges within the context of a complex trauma history among African Americans. The first theory that guided this study was …
Academic Opportunities: A Phenomenological Study Of The Lived Experiences Of Principals That Foster Academic Achievement Of Students That Attend Secondary Title I Schools, Loretta O'Nita Speller
Academic Opportunities: A Phenomenological Study Of The Lived Experiences Of Principals That Foster Academic Achievement Of Students That Attend Secondary Title I Schools, Loretta O'Nita Speller
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study is to explore the lived experiences of principals fostering the academic achievement of students in grades six through twelve who attend public secondary, Title I schools. The theory guiding this study was Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs. Maslow’s theory posits that if a person’s lower-level deficiency needs are not met, ascension to higher levels cannot happen. The central research question is: “What are the lived experiences of principals that lead secondary Title I schools and how do they foster academic achievement of their students?” Purposeful sampling was used in this study, and participants in …
Rural Policing In Northern Wisconsin: Will Small-Town Police Officers Stay At Their Current Agency Until Retirement Based On Age And Community Size, Thomas J. Thompson
Rural Policing In Northern Wisconsin: Will Small-Town Police Officers Stay At Their Current Agency Until Retirement Based On Age And Community Size, Thomas J. Thompson
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This study examined the plans of small-town northern Wisconsin police officers to remain at their current agency until retirement, based on age and community size. The hypothesis was that older officers who had been with an agency for a longer period would stay until retirement, while younger officers would be more likely to leave. Younger officers tend to have less buy-in to the community and possibly fewer ties to a specific community. Officers who are older or have been with an agency for a long time have a greater investment in the agency and the community. The study results showed …
Healthcare Disparities Related To Income In South Carolina, Rebekka Byrd
Healthcare Disparities Related To Income In South Carolina, Rebekka Byrd
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Low-income individuals and families in South Carolina face significant barriers to accessing healthcare, despite the presence of public health programs like Medicaid. Many fall into the healthcare coverage gap, earning too much to qualify for Medicaid but too little to afford private insurance. This study explored the consequences of the healthcare coverage gap by examining the relationships between income, healthcare access, and the ability to afford healthcare services among 500 adults aged 19–64 who participated in the National Health Interview Survey between 2018 and 2023. Utilizing a retrospective quantitative analysis of secondary data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) …
Job-Related Factors Affecting Special Education Teachers In The Pk-12 Classrooms Technology Proficiency: A Predictive Correlational Study, Kreshonya Porter
Job-Related Factors Affecting Special Education Teachers In The Pk-12 Classrooms Technology Proficiency: A Predictive Correlational Study, Kreshonya Porter
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this predictive correlational study was to determine if a linear combination of job-related factors could predict special education teachers’ technology proficiency. The study is critical because teachers’ technology proficiency in a special education setting directly impacts students’ inclusivity, engagement, productivity, and achievements in the classroom. This study adds to the literature regarding special education teachers’ technology proficiency by examining specific job-related factors (experience, educational level, amount of technology-related professional development training, frequency of technology use, specialty, and job placement). The participants for this study were drawn from the population of special education teachers employed in pre-K through …
The Impact Of Education And Awareness In Influencing Lifestyle Behaviors That Prevent And Treat Sarcopenia In Older Adults: A Mixed-Methods Cross-Sectional Research Study, Alan Lynn Jones
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This mixed-methods, cross-sectional study assessed the current level of knowledge and awareness among people aged 50 and older about sarcopenia, as well as their willingness to adopt lifestyle changes that could prevent or reverse the condition as they age. The study aimed to determine whether a lack of awareness and knowledge is linked to current lifestyle behaviors that contribute to or protect against the development of the disease. The population included men and women 50 and older, living independently in the community with no prior diagnosis of sarcopenia. The study used a custom-designed questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. A total of …
The Divine Disciplinarian: God As The Model Father, Jacob Daniel Jones
The Divine Disciplinarian: God As The Model Father, Jacob Daniel Jones
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
A pastor is responsible for instructing a congregation regarding biblical information and instruction. When a person is unsure of what the Bible teaches on a topic, the pastor can preach sermons and teach lessons that convey biblical truth. The growing congregation of Nevada Free Will Baptist Church consisted of believers who had been away from church for some time and new converts, resulting in a lack of biblical literacy due to their limited exposure to biblical truth. One area where congregants were uninformed was biblical parenting. This study addressed the problem of biblical illiteracy regarding parenting. It informed participants about …
The Effects Of Escape Room Simulations On Stress Levels Of Sophomore Baccalaureate Nursing Students: An Experimental Study, Bethany L. Mcfann
The Effects Of Escape Room Simulations On Stress Levels Of Sophomore Baccalaureate Nursing Students: An Experimental Study, Bethany L. Mcfann
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this quantitative experimental pretest -posttest design using an experimental and control group was to determine if gaming escape room simulation will decrease BSN nursing students' stress in high fidelity simulation (HFS). The sample size of 64 students had 32 students randomly assigned to each group, the control and the experimental group. The first-year sophomore Bachelor of Science in nursing (BSN) students at a state university were randomly assigned to either traditional or escape room simulation scenarios. Stress levels of each group were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) tool before and after the simulations with statistical …
Faith Versus Safety: Exploring How Black Churches Navigate Through Intersections Of Faith, Culture, Safety, And Social Work When Dealing With Intimate Partner Violence (Ipv), Wanda Rw Mckinley
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this quality improvement study was to understand the cultural and structural barriers that hinder “Blessings and Grace Church,” a Black faith-based institution, from effectively addressing intimate partner violence (IPV). The study identified context-specific strategies to improve survivor support, enhance safety measures, and strengthen resource accessibility within the church. The goal was to inform culturally responsive and theologically sensitive improvements tailored to the needs of this specific faith-based community. The setting for the study was an urban Black church in southern Texas. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system theory was the theoretical framework guiding this study. According to this theory, a …
Exploring The Influence Of A Faith-Based Ngo On The Causal Agency Of Children With Disabilities Living In Informal Settlements Outside Nairobi: A Case Study, Amy M. Silvas
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this case study was to explore the influence of a faith-based non-governmental organization’s (NGO’s) special needs supports on the causal agency of children with disabilities living in an urban settlement outside Nairobi, Kenya. The theory guiding this study was Shogren et al.’s causal agency theory as it looks at the fundamentals of self-determination in interaction with the demands and support available within a specific context. The central research question was: How does interaction with a faith-based NGO’s special education supports influence the ability of children with disabilities and living in an urban informal settlement to be active …
Field Effect Sec. Inc. V. Eighth Jud. Dist. Ct. (Anderson), 141 Nev. Adv. Op. 63 (Dec. 04, 2025), Mary Shamon
Field Effect Sec. Inc. V. Eighth Jud. Dist. Ct. (Anderson), 141 Nev. Adv. Op. 63 (Dec. 04, 2025), Mary Shamon
Nevada Supreme Court Summaries
No abstract provided.
From Shame To Self-Compassion: Understanding The Experiences And Characteristics Of Self-Identified White Anti-Racist Clinical Counselors In Maine, Rachel B. Wells
From Shame To Self-Compassion: Understanding The Experiences And Characteristics Of Self-Identified White Anti-Racist Clinical Counselors In Maine, Rachel B. Wells
Counseling and Psychology Dissertations
Following the rise of the cultural competence movement, clinical counselors demonstrate a fundamental paradox of perpetuating and mitigating racial oppression within the mental health field. There is a growing need for accountability and systemic change as demographic and sociopolitical shifts occur across Maine and the nation. Grounded in Critical Race and Critical Feminist theories, this critical narrative qualitative study explored the experiences, characteristics, and interests served by seven White, self-identified anti-racist clinical counselors in Maine. Clinicians participated in semi-structured interviews, which were then analyzed using a feminist voice-centered relational method, the Listening Guide. Findings revealed the significance of witnessing the …
A Quality Improvement Project: Faculty Education On Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion Principles, Ashley Mcdoulett
A Quality Improvement Project: Faculty Education On Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion Principles, Ashley Mcdoulett
Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects
According to the literature, social injustices, inequities, and implicit bias influence health outcomes in marginalized populations. To eliminate health disparities, nurses should be prepared to provide care that addresses these issues, and faculty should be able to effectively integrate diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) principles into the nursing curriculum. A literature review suggests the integration of DEI into nursing education is lacking, and by offering an educational session for faculty on best practices for curriculum incorporation, this project aimed to address that gap. The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) model guided this project. RE-AIM emphasizes targeting a population to …
Revolutionizing Nursing Informatics: Using Ai For Students To Develop Ehr Alerts And Faculty Grading, Barbara Kupferschmid, Rhonda Rae Schoville, Jeffrey Drake
Revolutionizing Nursing Informatics: Using Ai For Students To Develop Ehr Alerts And Faculty Grading, Barbara Kupferschmid, Rhonda Rae Schoville, Jeffrey Drake
Biennial Convention (CONV)
Problem: Nurses need to develop specialized knowledge and competence to optimize the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. This study evaluates the use of AI in a Nursing Informatics graduate-level course assignment focused on designing an EHR alert. The evaluation focuses on both students and faculty. Students conducted a literature search with AI tools and compared them to other databases. AI was also used to create an alert design and workflow analysis. Faculty used AI to grade the assignment utilizing a rubric.
Methods: An IRB-exempt retrospective descriptive design was used with a convenience sample of 103 Doctor of Nurse Practitioner …
Teacher Support For Special Education Students Struggling With Basic Reading In The Inclusive Setting: A Qualitative Case Study, Dylan O. Cramer
Teacher Support For Special Education Students Struggling With Basic Reading In The Inclusive Setting: A Qualitative Case Study, Dylan O. Cramer
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this case study is to discover how teachers support special education elementary students identified with specific learning disabilities (SLD) in the inclusion setting who struggle with basic reading at Champion Heights Elementary School. At this stage in research, the academic impact of inclusion for special education students who struggle with basic reading will generally be defined as determining the academic benefits and weaknesses of elementary students being educated inside the general education classroom. The theory guiding this study is Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory. The social cognitive theory relates to this topic because students learn through observed …
Changing Trends In Paediatric Acute Respiratory Infections: Pre- And Post-Covid-19 Presenting To An Emergency Department In An Academic Tertiary Hospital In Oman, Awatif K Alsarrai Al-Alawi, Aalia Adnan Alwahshi, Darpanarayan Hazra, Usama Al Khalasi, Amal Al-Shibli, Azhaar Al Harrasi, Sumaira Iram
Changing Trends In Paediatric Acute Respiratory Infections: Pre- And Post-Covid-19 Presenting To An Emergency Department In An Academic Tertiary Hospital In Oman, Awatif K Alsarrai Al-Alawi, Aalia Adnan Alwahshi, Darpanarayan Hazra, Usama Al Khalasi, Amal Al-Shibli, Azhaar Al Harrasi, Sumaira Iram
Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal
Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted seasonal paediatric respiratory infections due to widespread non-pharmaceutical interventions, sharply reducing viral circulation. This study aimed to compare paediatric viral acute respiratory infection (ARI) patterns and outcomes pre- and post-COVID-19 using hospital-based data from Oman. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Paediatric Emergency Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in Muscat, Oman. Paediatric patients who underwent PCR testing for respiratory viruses before (December 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019) and after (April 1, 2022 to April 30, 2023) the pandemic. Quantitative data is presented as means ± standard deviations and qualitative data as …
The Effects Of Resilience Enhancing Nursing Program Among Pregnant Teenagers, Thailand, Ampaiwan Boonkaewwan, Umaporn Kuasit, Nantiya Khoynueng, Ratchneewan Ross
The Effects Of Resilience Enhancing Nursing Program Among Pregnant Teenagers, Thailand, Ampaiwan Boonkaewwan, Umaporn Kuasit, Nantiya Khoynueng, Ratchneewan Ross
Biennial Convention (CONV)
The situation of teenage pregnancy in Chawang district, Thailand has become a significant problem and of social concern. Teenage pregnant women who lack resilience are more likely to face adversity, including the risks and complications associated with physical and mental health.
A quasi-experimental one group pre-post test repeated measures design was used to test the effects of a resilience enhancing nursing program on resilience, knowledge of contraception, and the decision-making of contraceptive use during the postpartum among pregnant teenagers, Chawang district, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. Purposive sampling was used to select 20 adolescent pregnancies based on the inclusion criteria. The …
Asian College Students' Well-Being During A Period Of Rising Anti-Asian Sentiment, Kyuhan Choi, Ying Shi, Maria Zhu
Asian College Students' Well-Being During A Period Of Rising Anti-Asian Sentiment, Kyuhan Choi, Ying Shi, Maria Zhu
Center for Policy Research
We use a large survey of students in U.S. colleges to study the distinct ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic and accompanying anti-Asian rhetoric shaped the experiences of Asian and Pacific Islanders (APIs). Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find that the pandemic led to Asian students experiencing more discrimination, feeling less safe during the day, and using fewer mental health services compared to White peers. The increase in discrimination and the perceived lower safety are concentrated among East and Southeast Asians, while South Asians were not affected. Despite these effects, we detect no relative deterioration in severe psychological distress or …
Bryson Peter - Part 2, Mark Naison, Steven Payne
Discovery Of A Small Molecule Tlr3 Agonist Adjuvant, Branden Lee, Danica Dong, Etsuro Nanishi, John Mark Awad, Kimia Abedi, Yoshine Saito, Francesco Borriello, Soumik Barman, Byron Brook, Aisling Kelly, Manisha Menon, Constance Marques-Mourlet, Maansi Gupta, Ida Lister, Chiwoo Oh, Kevin Lyskawa, Morgan Goetz, Kristina Walker, Wing Ki Cheng, Spencer Brightman, Pankaj Sharma, Timothy O'Meara, Katherine Chew, Daniel Vieira, Kevin Ryff, Cali Sweitzer, Sanya Thomas, Simon Van Haren, Matthew Pettengill, Hyuk-Soo Seo, Sirano Dhe-Paganon, Wei Zhang, Ofer Levy, David Dowling
Discovery Of A Small Molecule Tlr3 Agonist Adjuvant, Branden Lee, Danica Dong, Etsuro Nanishi, John Mark Awad, Kimia Abedi, Yoshine Saito, Francesco Borriello, Soumik Barman, Byron Brook, Aisling Kelly, Manisha Menon, Constance Marques-Mourlet, Maansi Gupta, Ida Lister, Chiwoo Oh, Kevin Lyskawa, Morgan Goetz, Kristina Walker, Wing Ki Cheng, Spencer Brightman, Pankaj Sharma, Timothy O'Meara, Katherine Chew, Daniel Vieira, Kevin Ryff, Cali Sweitzer, Sanya Thomas, Simon Van Haren, Matthew Pettengill, Hyuk-Soo Seo, Sirano Dhe-Paganon, Wei Zhang, Ofer Levy, David Dowling
Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers
Pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) agonists are valuable agents across multiple medical applications, from vaccinology to immune-oncology. However, well-defined and potent small molecule agonists for many PRRs still await discovery and development. Screening of chemical libraries of ~200,000 small molecules for maturation of human monocytic cells by quantifying NF-κB activation and cell adherence was completed. From this screen, we selected a thiazole benzamide derivative, PVP-057, for its robust immunomodulatory properties, low toxicity profile, and concentration-dependent activity. In vitro investigation of pathway and receptor activation reveals that PVP-057 is a Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist. As a single-component adjuvant, administered intramuscularly or intradermally …
Use Of Screening Tool For Pediatric Non-Accidental Trauma In A Rural Emergency Room Setting, Allison Louise Schroering, Ashley N. Carter, Mikel W. Hand
Use Of Screening Tool For Pediatric Non-Accidental Trauma In A Rural Emergency Room Setting, Allison Louise Schroering, Ashley N. Carter, Mikel W. Hand
Biennial Convention (CONV)
Significance of problem: The rise in the number of pediatric patients seen for abuse is alarming.1 More than 7 million reports for maltreatment were made to Child Protective Services in 2021.2 Rates of reported abuse were 8.1 per 1000, with 16% of these identified as non-accidental trauma (NAT) and the greater incidence happening to those 1 year or younger.3,4 One to two deaths per day are attributed to NAT in the US.5 System improvements in emergency rooms (ER) and hospitals, such as implementing screening tools or protocols, are crucial for early detection and prevention of NAT. …
Responding To The Association Of Secondhand Tobacco Smoke And Mental Illness: A Systematic Review, Pooja Bhattarai, Bassema Abu-Farsakh, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli
Responding To The Association Of Secondhand Tobacco Smoke And Mental Illness: A Systematic Review, Pooja Bhattarai, Bassema Abu-Farsakh, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli
Biennial Convention (CONV)
Background: Secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure represents a significant yet often overlooked public health challenge affecting over a billion people globally (World Health Organization 2021). Individuals exposed to SHS exposure inhale over 7,000 chemicals, including nicotine and other toxic substances, which adversely impact physical health (Carreras et al., 2019; Nadhiroh et al., 2020; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2024). However, growing evidence suggests SHS exposure may increase the likelihood of poor mental health outcomes (Van der Eijk & Woh 2023, Zeng et al., 2016) Addressing SHS exposure not only requires acknowledging its impact but also respecting the …
2025 December 4 - From My Notepads Newsletter, Office Of The President, East Tennessee State University, Brian Noland
2025 December 4 - From My Notepads Newsletter, Office Of The President, East Tennessee State University, Brian Noland
From My Notepads: A Newsletter from President Brian Noland
No abstract provided.
Psychological Variables That Best Predict Health Related Behaviors In College Students, Arianna Gamaggio
Psychological Variables That Best Predict Health Related Behaviors In College Students, Arianna Gamaggio
Honors Theses
The present study examined which psychological factors best predicted health behaviors in college students. The psychological factors that were addressed included anxiety, depression, grit, and psychological flexibility. The health behaviors were examined by using a composite variable that included sleep, diet, and exercise. A total of 265 students participated in the study, but only 174 (μ age = 21) met the criteria for inclusion. Participants completed validated self-report measures such as the GAD- 7 (anxiety), PHQ-9 (depression), Short Grit Scale, Psy-Flex-6 (psychological flexibility), as well as health behavior assessments that measured eating behaviors, sleeping, and exercise habits. Correlational analyses indicated …
The Heterogeneity Of Healthcare And Insurance In The Midwest, William Robb
The Heterogeneity Of Healthcare And Insurance In The Midwest, William Robb
Honors Theses
Background
Healthcare varies in each state from labor and capital to the laws governing the state and the finances they run under. United States citizens have criticized healthcare and call for change as the United States lacks a universal healthcare system. Even with a universal healthcare system, there are systematic issues and a financial downturn that need to be addressed even if it were to be adopted. Half of the counties in the U.S. see a shortage in labor and hospitals leading to a desert for both cases. Funding through the government is unstable and lacks clear and meaningful payments …