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A Comparative Study To Find The Effect Of Hypertension On Physical Parameters For Intra Cerebral Hemorrhage Buy Using Spiral Ct- Scan Technique, Mayadah Hassen Rhaf Mar 2026

A Comparative Study To Find The Effect Of Hypertension On Physical Parameters For Intra Cerebral Hemorrhage Buy Using Spiral Ct- Scan Technique, Mayadah Hassen Rhaf

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

CT offers high diagnostic capability. The project is related to the intra cerebral hemorrhage which means bleeding that occurs directly into the brain parenchyma. Hypertension high blood pressure (140 / 90 mmhg or higher) is the most important risk factor for all types of stroke; including cerebral infarction, irrespective of sex, race, or nationality. The aim of this research is to study the effect of hypertension to the physical parameters for patients with intra cerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The study enrolled 24 subjects without any problem (10 males and 14 females) with a mean age of( 61.25 ± 6.4285) years with …

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Clomiphene Citrate In The Management Of Oligoasthenospermia, Ameer Kadhum Daher Mar 2026

Clomiphene Citrate In The Management Of Oligoasthenospermia, Ameer Kadhum Daher

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Background: Although clomiphene citrate (clomid) is, anti-estrogen, typically used for women with fertility problems, there have been a variety studies as to the use of clomiphene citrate in treating male subfertility.Objective: To evaluate the role of clomid in treating male with oligoasthenospermia.Methods: A prospective clinical study of 40 men with preliminary diagnosis of oligoasthenospermia according to WHO protocols in Wassit Government Iraq from July 2007 through July 2008.Clomid 50 mg oral daily dose was given for 4 months. The changes in sperm counts, the percentage of active sperms, pregnancy rate and side effects were recorded and analyzed.Results: The mean sperm …

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Dose The Shape Of Epiglottis Have A Role In The Globus Pharynges?, Husam Majeed Hameed Mar 2026

Dose The Shape Of Epiglottis Have A Role In The Globus Pharynges?, Husam Majeed Hameed

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Back ground: globus pharyngeus is a sensation of a lump or tightness in the throat, it accounts for about 4% of otolaryngological referrals. A wide variety of explanations have been done; gastroesophageal reflux or esophageal dysmotility are the most popular organic explanations.Objective: To evaluate the incidence and the role of the curled epiglottic tip touching and indenting the tongue base in patients with globus pharyngeus.Patients and method:Two group were selected; group A (40 patients) selected according to selection criteria from a number of patients diagnosed as globus pharyngeus patients , a flexible nasopharyngoscopy was done searching for the incidence of …

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Risk Factors Survey Of Low Birth Weight Neonates, Jasim M.Al.Marzoki, Shaker K. Gatea, Zaher Ganem Mar 2026

Risk Factors Survey Of Low Birth Weight Neonates, Jasim M.Al.Marzoki, Shaker K. Gatea, Zaher Ganem

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Background: Neonatal mortality rate is one of the main health problems which affected by prenatal status and perinatal conditions. LBW is one of the main causes of neonatal and infantile mortality. Approximately every ten seconds, an infant from a developing country dies from a disease or infection that can be attributed to low birth weight, so this study was done to evaluate the risk factors of LBW in neonate.Method: A descriptive cross sectional study was done on 1023 neonates, born in Babylon Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital from September 2007 to April 2008 .Neonatal data such as birth weight, gender, …

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The Relationship Between Acute Myocardial Infarction And Mood Disorders, Mazin Z Alshibani, Karem N. Hussain Mar 2026

The Relationship Between Acute Myocardial Infarction And Mood Disorders, Mazin Z Alshibani, Karem N. Hussain

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) acts as an important risk factor for occurrence of depression, which affectS long term morbidity and mortality considering baseline health state in patients with AMI.To estimate frequency of depression among patients within first 3 weeks after occurrence of AMI and to evaluate the effect of different demographic factors, biochemical changes, type and site of M.I on its frequency. This is a cross sectional study that enrolled 116 patients with AMI who had been admitted to coronary care unite (CCU) at Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital during the period between 1st of July 2007-31st of October 2008. Only 80 …

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Effect Of Formula And Breast Milk Feeding On Random Blood Sugar Values In Healthy, Full Term Babies, In 1st 48 Hours After Birth, Thamer Emad Ahmad, Ashraf Ahmad Kamel Mar 2026

Effect Of Formula And Breast Milk Feeding On Random Blood Sugar Values In Healthy, Full Term Babies, In 1st 48 Hours After Birth, Thamer Emad Ahmad, Ashraf Ahmad Kamel

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

In our study, we tried to discuss the effect of type of feeding on random blood sugar and whether it can be considered as a cause of hypoglycemia. To achieve this, we measured random blood sugar of 100 full term healthy newborn babies using, a blood glucose monitor device called Glucutrend® 2,all of them were delivered by caesarean section as such deliveries stay in the hospital for at least 48 hours and therefore this makes them easy to be followed-up. Among them, 48 babies were milk formula fed and 52 babies were breast-fed .The random blood sugar was measured at …

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Evaluation Of Irritable Bowel Syndrom In Aldiwanyia City., Ali Talib N. Aldamarchi, Usama Tahher Muslem, Ali Mohammed Hussein Al-Yassin Mar 2026

Evaluation Of Irritable Bowel Syndrom In Aldiwanyia City., Ali Talib N. Aldamarchi, Usama Tahher Muslem, Ali Mohammed Hussein Al-Yassin

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most commonly diagnosed gastrointestinal condition that comprises 25-50% of all referral to gastroenterologists. IBS causes a great deal of discomfort and distress, but it does not permanently harm the intestines and does not lead to a serious disease, such as cancer. To study the epidemiological aspect, clinical varieties and the response the available treatment in patients whom complaining of irritable bowel syndrome according to Rome criteria in al Diwaniya province in Iraq. Two hundreds sixty four patients with variable clinical presentation of irritable bowel syndrome of different age groups and sexes were fully examined …

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Prevalence Of Patients With Failure To Thrive Admitted To Maternity And Children Teaching Hospital In Al- Diwaniyah, Nasma Naji Al-Hijia, Jomah Nasir Al - Obaidi Mar 2026

Prevalence Of Patients With Failure To Thrive Admitted To Maternity And Children Teaching Hospital In Al- Diwaniyah, Nasma Naji Al-Hijia, Jomah Nasir Al - Obaidi

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

This is a prevalence study of patients with failure to thrive under 5 years who were admitted in maternity and children teaching hospital in Al – Diwaniya from 1 / 7 / 2008 to 1 / 9 / 2008 .The total number of patients under 5 years was 420 patient , 59.40% was male , and 40.95% was female . The patients under 1 years of age were 66.66%, from 1 year to 2 years age was 20.47%. From 2-3y.(7.14%),from3- 4y.(3.78%),from4-5y(1.90%). The prevalence of patients with failure to thrive was 50.71% , the patients with failure to thrive due to …

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Elevated Leukocyte Count And Advers Events In Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome, Ali M.Hussain Al.Yassian Mar 2026

Elevated Leukocyte Count And Advers Events In Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome, Ali M.Hussain Al.Yassian

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Inflammation has been shown to play a role in atherosclerosis and CAD. An elevated leukocyte count is associated with adverse inhospital out come and mortality in patients presented with acutecoronarysyndrome. This study was designed to determine the relation between initial total WBC count and the hospital mortality and complications in patients with ACS including STEMI, NSTEMI, and UA and to know if this parameter has significant power of clinical severity and out come. Patients and methods: The relationship between initial total WBC count with hospital mortality and complications and clinical out come in 57 patients with ACS admitted to the …

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Radiation Dose Reduction Of Head Ct Scan With A Low–Tube Voltage, Runak Tahr Ali, Amal Abdulallah Sakban Mar 2026

Radiation Dose Reduction Of Head Ct Scan With A Low–Tube Voltage, Runak Tahr Ali, Amal Abdulallah Sakban

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

The increasing radiation exposure to patient from CT has been of concern to radiologists, medical physicists. The aim of this study is to reduce radiation dose from head computed tomography (CT) by using a technique with low tube voltage (90 Kv) instead of (120 Kv). A phantom for measurement of the radiation dose and a phantom containing low-contrast objects were scanned with a 16–detector row CT scanner at 120 kV and 90 kV. The tube current–time product settings were 100–560 mAs, and the doses at the center and periphery of the phantom were measured.The effective dose and the DLP were …

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The Effect Of Obesity On Blood Pressure, Farhan H. Ali Al-Naily Mar 2026

The Effect Of Obesity On Blood Pressure, Farhan H. Ali Al-Naily

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

The aim of this study to quantify the effect of obesity on blood pressure. We study 80 persons (clinically normal), divided in two groups according to the age, the first group under 40 years which is subdivided into two groups, group A 20 persons with normal weight and group C also 20 persons with over weight and the second group, above 40 years also subdivided into two groups, group B 20 persons with a normal weight and group D 20 persons, with over weight and we have found the effect of obesity on, systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure on …

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Painful Osteoarthritic Knee Joints; A Comparative Study Between Intra-Articular Steroids And Combined Physiotherapy Modalities Treatment, Shamran K. Al-Umeri Mar 2026

Painful Osteoarthritic Knee Joints; A Comparative Study Between Intra-Articular Steroids And Combined Physiotherapy Modalities Treatment, Shamran K. Al-Umeri

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Thirty patients 13males(44%) 17females(56%) who had osteoarthritis of the knees according to ARA classification criteria and presented with acute pain without effusion where randomly assigned into 2 groups to evaluate the effects of intra-articular injection(IAS) and in the other hand combination of interferential current (IFC) with pulsed electromagnetic field (PEF) physiotherapy modalities in treating painful Knee OA. All patients were treated with acetaminophen 1g bid, meloxicam 7.5mg once daily. 15 patients 8males(53%)- 7females (47%) received intra-articular injection of methyl prednisolone acetate(IAS) 80mg/2ml depot. The other group 10females(66.6%) – 5 males (33.3%) was treated by interferential current(IFP) 10 minute sessions with …

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Inheritance Ppattern Of Fragile X-Syndrome In Iraqi Families, Eqbal D. Chalap Al-Graw Mar 2026

Inheritance Ppattern Of Fragile X-Syndrome In Iraqi Families, Eqbal D. Chalap Al-Graw

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

This study included five Iraqi families from four provinces, many members who suffered from congenital fragile X chromosome. Five family pedigrees were drawn up very clearly to follow the pattern of fragile X chromosome. The study showed that there is marked discrepancy in the sex ratio, with only boys affected. Females are affected only if they were homozygous, Heterozygous (carrier) females were clinically normal but transmitted the disease to 35% of their sons, and there i s one in two risks that their daughters too were carriers. The fragile X chromosome was never transmitted directly from affected father to his …

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Comparative Study Between Trans-Fontanelle Us& Spiral Ct Scan In The Diagnosis Of The Congenital Hydrocephalus, Najat A. Al-Hassnaw Mar 2026

Comparative Study Between Trans-Fontanelle Us& Spiral Ct Scan In The Diagnosis Of The Congenital Hydrocephalus, Najat A. Al-Hassnaw

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Compared between the trans-fontal US & spiral Ct scan exam in the diagnosis of congenital hydrocephalus, A series of 100 infants with age range of (20 days to 12 months) were studied over a period of 2 years in Teaching hospital in Al diwaniya city. The commonest type of hydrocephalus in this study were obstructive type (83%).The US exam showing (100%) sensitivity in detection the lateral ventricle dilatation as in spiral CT can , with (97%) in detected the 3rd ventricle dilatation in compared with (100%) for spiral CT scan & (64%) in diagnosis 4th ventricle dilation with (100%) .Trans-fontal …

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Is There An Association Between Diabetes Mellitus And Serum Creatinine Concentrations?, Kassim Fawzi Abdulkareem, Hassan Khalaf Ulaiwi, Mohammed K. Abdulkareem Mar 2026

Is There An Association Between Diabetes Mellitus And Serum Creatinine Concentrations?, Kassim Fawzi Abdulkareem, Hassan Khalaf Ulaiwi, Mohammed K. Abdulkareem

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

The aim of this study was to evaluate serum creatinine level as a diagnostic test in relation to diabetes mellitus and to clear the difference in serum creatinine concentrations between diabetic males and females. Thirty two rabbits purchased from the local market, weighing 1.2-2 kg were used in the experiment. The animals were divided according to the gender into two groups and each was equally divided into diabetic and control group.The results revealed highly significant difference in the serum creatinine concentrations between diabetic groups and control groups, and the serum creatinine concentrations gradually increased after onset of diabetes, also the …

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The Symptom Profile Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder In Iraqi Patients, Adel A. Monicher Al- Zaidy Mar 2026

The Symptom Profile Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder In Iraqi Patients, Adel A. Monicher Al- Zaidy

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a common psychiatric disorder, which may cause significant distress and disability. This study was an attempt to identify the symptom frequency of this significant disorder among the patients attending the only out patient clinic in Al-Diwanyia Teaching Hospital (180 Km south of Baghdad). Headache (75%), Fatigue (70%), Palpitation (67.5%), Chest pain (66.6%) and Persistent irritability (64.1%) were the most frequent symptoms in 120 outpatients with a diagnosis of GAD.

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The Use Of Oral Pentoxifylline Hcl In Treatment Of Idiopathic Male Infertility, Ali Hamdan Alkinany Mar 2026

The Use Of Oral Pentoxifylline Hcl In Treatment Of Idiopathic Male Infertility, Ali Hamdan Alkinany

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Infertility is a problem affecting about 15% of newly married couples. Twenty five percent of them have no identifiable etiology; idiopathic. A lot of drugs and agents have been used empirically. Pentoxifylline has been used effectively invitor with IVF and ICSI. To asses its efficacy in treatment of idiopathic infertility, oral pentoxifylline HCl (tronteral) has bees prescribed orally to 60 patients with idiopathic infertility. It has been given twice daily for three months, after that a new SFA show no response in the majority of patients. In the nine percent who got some response, no pregnancy occurred.We concluded from this …

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Expression Of P16ink4a Protein In Colorectal Cancer Patients, Eqbal D. Chalap Al- Grawi Mar 2026

Expression Of P16ink4a Protein In Colorectal Cancer Patients, Eqbal D. Chalap Al- Grawi

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

This study carried out on Forty-three patients attending hospitals for elective surgical resection of colorectal cancer (CRC) from October 2002 to March 2004. Thirty-five resection margins that histopathologically proved free of malignancy taken from the normal tissue of the same patients used as controls of staining efficiency and evaluation for immunohistochemistry (IHC). p16INK4a immunoexpression in the CRN are less than 5% and regarded as negative while 32 of 43 CRC patients had positive reaction for p16INK4a.

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Life Events And Depression In Diwania, Abdulzahra Mohammad Al-Kafaje, Ali Al-Hamzawi Mar 2026

Life Events And Depression In Diwania, Abdulzahra Mohammad Al-Kafaje, Ali Al-Hamzawi

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Sixty patients diagnosed as depression at Al-Diwania teaching hospital by two psychiatrist using Beck-Dep. Inventory Short version, compared with eighty non- psychiatrically disturbed controls, in the period between 1st July 2000 to 31 Dec. 2000. Were studied for life events using a semi-structured life events interview. It was found that depressed group had significantly more life events in the twelve months preceding the onset of their depression than the controls in the same periods.

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Symptoms Frequencies And Stressors In The Hysterical Subjects, Saadoun Dawood Ahmed Al-Jiboori Mar 2026

Symptoms Frequencies And Stressors In The Hysterical Subjects, Saadoun Dawood Ahmed Al-Jiboori

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Hysteria is one of the oldest words, derived from Greek word meaning wondering of uterus in the body. Hysterical neurosis was eliminated from DSM-III, and its subsequent editions (DSM-IIIR, DSM-IV, and DSM-IVTR), and its replacement by "dissociation disorders" and "conversion disorders. This study was done to identify frequency of hysterical symptoms and the preceding stressors.52patients was diagnosed according to DSM-IVTR, diagnostic criteria, between July and December2007. Then all patients were assessed with a semi structured interview, using seven items, about, age, sex, marital status, educational level, occupation, stressors and residential status.81% of the patients were females while 19% were males. …

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A Study Of Hyponatremia In Hospitalized Patients, Aqeel Reheem Al- Barqawi Mar 2026

A Study Of Hyponatremia In Hospitalized Patients, Aqeel Reheem Al- Barqawi

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

A study of hyponatremia in adult hospital inpatients over 16 yrs old admitted to the medical department of Al-Diwania teaching\ Hospital from the 1st of June 2006 to 10th of November 2006, showed that (50) out of (720) patients studied had serum sodium concentration below 135 meq/L. Twenty five patients (50%) were on diuretics and 16 patients (32%) had heart failure. The commonest type of hyponatremia was euvolemic hyponatremia (52%) Forty one pts. (82%) had symptoms attributable to the hyponatremia. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, and causes of hyponatremia in medical wards of …

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Comparative Study Of Cancer In Al-Diwanihyia Governerate Before And After The War 2003, Aqeel Reheem Al- Barqawi, Rabab Hajoal Mar 2026

Comparative Study Of Cancer In Al-Diwanihyia Governerate Before And After The War 2003, Aqeel Reheem Al- Barqawi, Rabab Hajoal

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

The aim Of the study to compare the occurrence of cancer in Al Diwaniya city before and after the war 2003. The result show increase the number of carcinoma cases from the year 1992 – 2006 the number of cases was doubled from the years 1992 – 2002 and the doubled nine times after the years 2003 in comparison to the years 1989 – 1992 the study show most of cases are lived in the urbon area .

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder In Students Exposed To Trauma, Ali Al-Hamzawi, Atyaf Sarhan, Qabas Nether Mar 2026

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder In Students Exposed To Trauma, Ali Al-Hamzawi, Atyaf Sarhan, Qabas Nether

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

A total of (300) students of secondary school in Diwaniya province were interviewed to assess the psychological impact of the trauma. A post traumatic stress checklist was used for the interview. The result of this study showed that the majority of the students suffer from post traumatic stress disorder.

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Management Of Three Cases Of Pyometrocolpos Due To Distal Vaginal Atresia In Infants, Mohammed J. Aboud Mar 2026

Management Of Three Cases Of Pyometrocolpos Due To Distal Vaginal Atresia In Infants, Mohammed J. Aboud

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Children with pyometrocolpos due to distal vaginal atresia may present as acutely ill, with severe obstructive uropathy and septicemia. In such patients the clinical course is markedly improved by urgent drainage of the infected cystic mass, and a temporary drainage procedure is required to allow local findings of infection to subside before definitive surgery. We present a 3 cases one at 2 months and two cases at 4- months of age old females with pyometrocolpos two of them with the above-mentioned clinical course and one of them with typical presentation of Mayer Rokitansky Kuster Houser syndrome (MRKH syndrome) ( is …

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The Prevalence Of Congenital Heart Diseases Among Down's Syndrome Children In Diwaniyah Governorate, Mohanad Al-Jashami Mar 2026

The Prevalence Of Congenital Heart Diseases Among Down's Syndrome Children In Diwaniyah Governorate, Mohanad Al-Jashami

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Objective :A survey was carried out to assess the prevalence of congenital heart diseases (CHD).Patients And Methods: among (180) Down's syndrome (DS)children in institute for mentally handicapped (Alraga institute) and outpatients referred for ECHO study in Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital.REULTS: It was found that (61.1%) of DS cases studied had CHD with a M:F ratio of 1.5:1. The commonest type of CHD found was ventricular septal defect (VSD), followed by atrial septal defect (ASD), mitral valve prolapse(MVP), tetralogy of fallot (TOF), ,patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and co-arctation of aorta in (54.5 %, 17.2 %, 14.5 %, 11.8 %, 0.9%, 0.9% respectively). …

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Prevalence Of Hyperuricemia In Diabetes Mellitus, Mohammed Abdul Hessein Mar 2026

Prevalence Of Hyperuricemia In Diabetes Mellitus, Mohammed Abdul Hessein

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Objective :To explore the prevalence of hyperuricemia in diabetes mellitus patients.Design : Eighty diabetic patients attended diabetic clinic center at teaching hospital in Najaf city between February and June 2006 were evaluated to explore the prevalence of hyperuricemia , thirty of them ( group A ) had joint problems and fifty of them (group B) did not.Result:Ten patients (33%) from group A had hyperuricemia versus one (2%) from group B.Conclusion:Data from observation study suggest that there is correlation between joint problems and high serum uric acid in diabetes mellitus .

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The Effect Of Methyl Dopa On Serum Lipid Profile In Rat., Laith Mohammed Abbass Al-Hussueni Mar 2026

The Effect Of Methyl Dopa On Serum Lipid Profile In Rat., Laith Mohammed Abbass Al-Hussueni

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Evidence liking hypertension and dyslipidemia are very important in deciding which antihypertensive drug is going to be describe to hypertensive patient who had or at risk to had dyslipidemia. Antihypertensive drugs which have neutral effect or preferably beneficial effect on lipid profile are the first choice in those patients. Drugs with harmful effect on serum lipid profile may add another problem to the patient and increase the risk of complications.  Purpose:This study is carried on to evaluate the effect of methyl dopa on serum lipid profile.Methods:Twenty rats enrolled in the experiment given atherogenic diet for twelve weeks then randomly divided …

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X-Ray Examination To Measurement Radiation Doses Of Patients In Three Erbil Hospitals, Runak Tahr Ali Mar 2026

X-Ray Examination To Measurement Radiation Doses Of Patients In Three Erbil Hospitals, Runak Tahr Ali

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Thermo luminescent dosimeters (TLDs) have been used to measure the entrance surface doses (ESDs) of patients undergoing pelvis, abdomen and lumbar spine diagnostic X-ray examinations in Erbil. A total of three public hospitals and 171 patients were included in this investigation. The ages of the patients involved were from 40 years to 85 years, while their weights ranged from 64 kg to 73 kg. Mean, of ESDs are reported. The results showed that in most cases, for each of the examinations, the individual ESD values are found to be comparable with, and higher than, those from Ghana and Tanzania, respectively. …

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Pentalogy Of Cantrell, Mohammed J. Aboud Mar 2026

Pentalogy Of Cantrell, Mohammed J. Aboud

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Pentalogy of Cantrell is a rare syndrome that consists of defects involving the diaphragm, abdominal wall, pericardium, heart and lower sternum. A 2 –day- old male neonate presented to the pediatric surgical unit in the Maternity and Child Teaching hospital\AL-diwaniya with abdominal wall defect,precious baby deliverd by C\S to the mother with history of primary infertility for more than 13 year, The first clinical evaluation revealed epigastric omphalocele ( liver ,spleen and transverse colon were exposed with rupture sac , sternal defect , and ectopia cordis. U\S ,echocardogram and radiological studies were done to exclude others associated anomalies , Staged …

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Mental Retardation In Children, Causes &Prevention, Zuhair M. Al-Musawi Mar 2026

Mental Retardation In Children, Causes &Prevention, Zuhair M. Al-Musawi

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

This study was conducted to know the definite & probable causes of mental retardation (M.R.) in children & how can we prevent some of the cases. Three hundred eighty three children with moderate to severe (M.R.) were studied in Kerbala Pediatric Hospital over two years from January 2003 to January 2005. The male to female ratio was 1.51:1. The etiology was known in151 patients (39.4%) & was unknown in 232 patients (60.6%). The probable preventable causes include kernicterus, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, severe malnutrition, prematurity neonatal sepsis, hypothyroidism, encephalitis, meningitis, neural tube defect, galactossaemia, shaken baby syndrome & lead poisoning, constituting …

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