Digital Commons Network^™

Synthesis And Characterization Of Metal Complexes Of Oxindole-Based Β-Lactams, Kenya Rosas, Erick Morales Orrante, Carlos Sifuentes, Alexsei Nazarov

Posters - 2026

• β-lactams are essential structural components of many antibiotics and widely studied due to their biological importance and synthetic versatility.
• The Ugi reaction is a multicomponent reaction, involving a primary amine, carboxylic acid, isocyanide, and an aldehyde or a ketone, that rapidly generates α-acetamido carboxamide derivatives (Ugi adducts).
• The synthesis and characterization of four oxindole-based β-lactam derivatives:
  • 1-Benzyl-N-(tert-butyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-oxoazetidin-1-yl)indoline-3-carboxamide (4a).
  • N-(tert-butyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-oxoazetidin-1-yl)-1-phenylindol-3-carboxamide (4ab).
  • N-(tert-Butyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-oxoazetidin-1-yl)indoline-3-carboxamide (4d).
  • N-(tert-butyl)-1-methyl-2-oxo-3-(2-oxoazetidin-1-yl)indol-3-carboxamide (4e).
• The coordination of the four Ugi adducts with Cu (II) and Ni (II) at different pH points to enhance their stability and improve biological activity.

Agglomeration Of Particles Streaming Down A Zigzag, Juan Llamas

Posters - 2026

Zigzags or “letdown ladders” limit the flow speed of dry grains as they flow downward by gravity when loading silos, ships, barges, railcars, or trucks.

• Reduce cracking and shattering of grains.

• Increase grain shelf life.

• Increase grain resale value. • Increase ability of grain to germinate.

• Reduce generation of grain dust, an explosion and environmental hazard.

How can we design a zigzag that we know will not plug?

Beyond Technology Acceptance: Ai Adoption In The United States And Korean Accounting Firms, Madeline Ortega, Brenda Vazquez Saavedra

Posters - 2026

A comparison of AI adoption between the United States and South Korea

God Only Knows, Amanda Mccabe

LMU Theatre Arts Annual New Works Festival

A short play about an Italian family in Boston dealing with the impending loss of a beloved family member. With emotions at an all time high, and everyone getting on each others nerves, they deal with the stress in the best way they can: with sarcasm.

Faith-Based Coping In Crisis: How Religious Beliefs Shape Trauma, Resilience, And Recovery Across Contexts, Kailyn M. Howard

Honors Theses

This study examines the relationship between religious belief and responses to trauma, with a focus on how faith-based coping mechanisms influence resilience in crisis situations. Drawing on interdisciplinary research in psychology, theology, and education, the paper analyzes how individuals interpret and respond to trauma through religious frameworks. The biblical book of Job is examined alongside contemporary psychological theories of trauma and recovery to identify areas of alignment and tension. Using a comparative approach, the study explores common themes across religious traditions, including meaning-making, suffering, community support, and hope, and evaluates how these factors contribute to or hinder emotional healing. The …

Heroes Or Villains: Journalism In Movies And The Public’S Opinion, Emily R. Kessler

Honors Theses

In movies, journalists are portrayed as heroic, such as All the President’s Men or Good Night, and Good Luck, or they’re portrayed as villains, such as Broadcast News or Shattered Glass. In the heroic films, journalists are stopping the corrupt government official or spending every waking moment in the office. The villains are representing journalists in a negative light through being unethical or irresponsible with their work and sources. Stereotypes of journalists continue to be present in movies as well. However, the everyday working journalist is not represented in movies. As mistrust in the media is increasing, due to government …

Getting Her Off: Looking At Women Authors In Romance Compared To Other Fiction Genres, Helena Panek

Honors Theses

The present study explores women authors in fiction, specifically the romance genre, and how gender discrimination affects them. The factors studied were the price of books within the romance genre compared to other genres, societal factors affecting women authors, and discrimination within publishing. This study is an expansion and replication of the study done by Weinberg and Kapelner (2018) which looked at the discrimination against gender in the publishing industry. A common theme in the literature is that women authors are overlooked and underrepresented in genres that are not romance. This dismissal of women authors leads the romance genre to …

Campus Chronicle, Jayden Park, Ben Hemmer, Kyle Twelmeyer, Megan Goughnour, Evelyn Schechinger, Makayla Janssen, Cordella Prather, Samantha Bierbaum, Andy Langager

Campus Chronicle

No abstract provided.

Remain: An Exhibit By L. Renee Downtown Library, L. Renée

Artist Residency Exhibit

This PDF includes a portion of 2026 WVU Art in the Library and West Virginia and Regional History Center Mountain Artist in Residence, L. Renée's resulting works.

Remain is an interdisciplinary poetry project by L. Renee, the West Virginia University Libraries' 2.02.6 Mountain Artist in Resident. Developed in collaboration with the West Virginia & Regional History Center (WVRHC), this exhibit serves as a poetic activation of archival records concerning mountaintop removal mining in Appalachia. Through the residency, L. Renee accessed the environmental, geological, and community archives. In her work, she examines the endurance of both human and non-human life following …

Transcultural Headache Medicine: A Framework For Integrating Cultural Contexts Into Headache Science And Care - A Call To Action From The International Headache Society., Mario F. P. Peres, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Homero Vallada, Ivy L. Riso, Georgia K. Westenhofen, Marcelo Moraes Valença, Juliana Ramos De Andrade, K. C. Brennan, Morris Levin, Tsubasa Takizawa, Zhao Dong, Yonggang Wang, Wanakorn Rattanawong, Henry Riyanto Sofyan, Massimo Leone, Freda Dodd-Glover, Hsiangkuo Yuan, Abdulrazaq Albilali, Taoufik Alsaadi, Leonardo Caixeta, Anna P. Andreou, Peter J. Goadsby, Antoinette Maassenvandenbrink, Sait Ashina, Rami Burstein, Patricia Pozo-Rosich, Fayyaz Ahmed, Shuu-Jiun Wang

Department of Jefferson Headache Center Papers and Presentations

Headache disorders are among the most disabling neurological conditions, affecting over 1.5 billion people globally. Despite advances in pharmacological therapies, major inequities persist due to underdiagnosis, undertreatment and limited access to effective care, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Social determinants of health, including cultural meanings, language and health beliefs, are increasingly recognized as key drivers of disparities in burden, diagnosis and treatment outcomes. Traditional medicine, used by more than 80% of the global population, remains first-line care in many regions and continues to influence therapeutic choices in high-income settings. Major systems such as Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Unani and …

Sensitivity Of Headwater Carbon Storage To Climate Change, Maddie Benello

Earth Sciences Undergraduate Senior Theses

Headwater streams play a critical role in the global carbon cycle, serving as significant sites of carbon storage. While there have been recent efforts to quantify carbon storage in headwater streams in the western United States, there remains limited understanding of both the volume and timescale of carbon storage in northeastern forests which often have extensive logging and agricultural histories. Here, we quantify the carbon stock, residence time, and flux of a zero-to-first order headwater stream in Charles Downer State Forest (DF), VT using novel fallout radionuclide (FRN) chronometry. We find DF headwaters have a carbon stock of 66.2 Mg …

Cuny Oer Initiative Catalog (Ay 2024-2025), Jahanara Alamgir, Yujin Lee-Hwang, Rachael Nevins, Elliot Galvis, Rebecca Morofsky, Andrew Mckinney, Jojo Karlin

Open Educational Resources

This circulating catalog inventories the reusable teaching objects produced by CUNY campuses in AY 2024-2025! You’ll find textbooks, assignments, syllabi, videos, and more, organized by discipline and with brief descriptions of the resource. This publication (which links to all the resources) is supplemented by a by our online, filterable CUNY OER Initiative Catalog.

The CUNY OLS Research and Publishing Strategy team gathered, described and indexed the work of the campuses. OLS Fellow Hwang-Lee Yujin designed the publication.

Testing The Effectiveness Of Integrating Family Planning Information And Counselling Services In Food Distribution Programmes In Refugee Settings In Ethiopia, Yohannes Dibaba Wado, Bonnie Wandera, Yadeta Bacha, Francis Obare, George Odwe, Dagim Habteyesus, Peter Kisaakye, Stephen Kizito, Stella Muthuri, Gloria Seruwagi, Hellen Akinyi, M. Alemayehu, M. Girma, M. Enjamo, Caroline W. Kabiru, Chi-Chi Undie

Humanitarian Task Force

Humanitarian crises expose women and girls to heightened risk of unintended pregnancy due to increased risk of sexual violence as well as disruption in access to and provision of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) services. Unintended pregnancies in turn result in unplanned births and, in contexts with restrictive abortion laws, maternal morbidity and mortality due to unsafe abortion or miscarriage. This makes innovative, evidence-informed solutions to address unintended pregnancy that take into account the unique circumstances of women and girls in humanitarian settings critical. Evidence-informed solutions should consider how best to reach women and girls with SRHR services …

The Entanglement Of Facts And Values: An Overlooked Problem For Legal Positivism, Stephen A. Simon

West Virginia Law Review

Scholars have long been fascinated by the relation between law and morality, and in particular by the question of whether identifying the law requires making moral judgments. H.L.A. Hart and other legal positivists insist that we can identify the law without making moral judgments. By contrast, Ronald Dworkin and other opponents of legal positivism hold that determining law’s meaning necessarily involves moral reasoning. The most prominent contemporary case against legal positivism, developed by Dworkin, argues that interpretation—giving meaning to legal language—inherently requires moral judgments. While Dworkin’s arguments are powerful, the discourse has overlooked another basis for rejecting legal positivism: one …

Consent Absent Consensus: A Principles-Based Framework For Institutional Sexual Consent Policies, Tammi Walker

West Virginia Law Review

Title IX requires educational institutions to address sexual misconduct but provides no clear standard for defining consent. In the absence of federal guidance, colleges and universities operate in a regulatory vacuum, producing inconsistent definitions, legal uncertainty, and contested understandings of what consent requires. Without a structured framework, institutions struggle to balance survivor protection, due process, and practical implementation. This Article introduces a principles-based framework that supports clearer, more coherent consent policies. It identifies three interdependent elements of valid sexual consent: (1) Respect for Choices and Autonomy, which requires voluntary agreement free from coercion or pressure; (2) Informed Expectations and Transparency, …

Drawing Lines In The Substance: Questioning The Inconsistent Application Of West Virginia's Recidivist Statute In Cases Involving Controlled Substance Violations, Patrick Hassen

West Virginia Law Review

For decades, West Virginia’s recidivist statute required courts to sentence repeat felony offenders to life in prison even if their offenses were not violent. Over the years, the statute mandated life sentences for triggering offenses as minor as writing a bad check or failing to register a new phone number with the police. Unsurprisingly, the statute has come under its fair share of constitutional attack for violating the state Constitution’s proportionality principle. In 1981 the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia held the state’s proportionality principle requires a strict interpretation of the recidivist statute in favor of the defendant. …

A Damning Doctrine: State-Created Danger, Sierra Dotson

West Virginia Law Review

United States Supreme Court should take to promote uniformity in the correct interpretation of the doctrine and in applying the state-created danger exception.

The Last Human Question: Generative Ai's Existential Threat To Consensus And Law, Joshua Fairfield

West Virginia Law Review

The true risk of artificial intelligence (“AI”) is not that the toasters will rise up. It is that AI will be competent to perform human tasks and indifferent to human welfare. The risk is that we will be outcompeted by generative automated processes that create output similar to ours (although never the same, as this Article explains), but which need none of the outputs of the economy for food, shelter, or human flourishing. Further, a more precise and existential description of the threat is that generative AI will disrupt and crowd out humanity’s evolutionary superpower, our ability to generate agreement …

A View Under The Hood: Duquesne Kline's Law And Computing Program, Wesley M. Oliver, Katherine L.W. Norton, Martin Mckown, David Horrigan

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Improving The Livelihood Of Individuals With Disabilities In Various Capacities, Daveon Lilly

West Virginia Law Review

Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) and Machine Learning (“ML”) are swiftly reshaping accessibility for individuals with disabilities, offering fresh opportunities for inclusion in education, the workplace, and daily life. This Note explores the integration of AI and ML into assistive technologies and discusses how this integration bolsters access and independence for people with various disabilities. It also examines the legal frameworks, including the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (“Rehabilitation Act”), that govern the implementation of these technologies and address challenges such as algorithmic bias, data privacy, and the digital divide. While AI and ML have made …

Training New Lawyers With And For Generative Ai: A Semester-Long Experiment Scaling Clinical Friction In The Doctrinal Classroom, Frank W. Volk

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Roof Mounted Single-Axis Solar Tracking Platform, German Markaryan, Dean Schultz, Isabella Bravo, Lucas Matter, Quacy Moore, Robert Wang

Mechanical Engineering Senior Theses

The growing need for efficient and reliable renewable energy sources has been increasing in the 21st century. All residential solar panel systems suffer from efficiency losses due to their inability to adjust their angle and a lack of a proper cleaning system. Automated Tracking Light Acquisition System (ATLAS) aims to solve this problem. Fixed solar panels without self cleaning harvest 30% less energy than adjustable counterparts. With an Arduino Nano ESP32 and Raspberry Pi 3B+ controlling ATLAS, it is designed to autonomously log data, have a night mode, have battery safety features and automatically adjust to the trajectory of the …

‘It’S The Best Person For The Job’: Gendering Logic And The Hiring Practices Of Music Organisations In Ireland, Yvonne Kiely Dr

Irish Communication Review

Despite calls for reform in the allocation of jobs in music industries, little is known about how music organisations operate internally and the day-to-day realities that male and female workers must navigate. Findings of bullying and harassment in the arts sector by the Irish Theatre Institute prompted the Irish government in 2022 to issue a set of recommendations aimed at reforming the working conditions and gender divisions of labour of arts sector organisations under its remit. These recommendations were made in the absence of academic studies of music organisations in Ireland, and in the absence of centralised data about these …

Patients' Attitudes Towards Deprescribing And Associations With Patient-Related Factors Across Two Hospital Settings, Louise Westberg Strejby Christensen, Iman El Gamah, Amina Osman Ismail Barre, Daniela Claudia Moga, Anissa Aharaz, Olivia Bornæs, Rikke Lundsgaard Nielsen, Aino Leegaard Andersen, Esben Iversen, Kim Peder Dalhoff, Ove Andersen, Helle Gybel Juul-Larsen, Morten Baltzer Houlind

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Medication deprescribing is a targeted strategy to reduce inappropriate polypharmacy. Patients in primary care settings have reported high willingness to discontinue medications, but this phenomenon is less well studied in hospital settings. In this explorative post hoc analysis of two previously described clinical trials, we assessed patients' attitudes towards deprescribing in two hospital-based cohorts: acutely admitted older medical patients (≥ 65 years) in the emergency department at Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre (October 2018–April 2021) and multimorbid patients (≥ 18 years) referred to an outpatient clinic at Copenhagen University Hospital Amager (March 2019–December 2019). Among 104 and 72 patients in each …

Ecovoltaic Solar Energy Development Creates Novel Microclimate, Temperature, And Soil Moisture Patterns Under Solar Panels In A Warm Desert, Juan Pinos, Seth M. Munson, Claire C. Karban, Matthew D. Petrie

Life Sciences Faculty Research

Background As solar energy development expands in desert regions, new installation practices and solar technologies seek to balance ecosystem conservation and energy generation (ecovoltaics). The Gemini Solar Project, a large ecovoltaic facility located in the northeastern Mojave Desert, employed low impact installation methods to reduce disturbance of the desert ecosystem within arrays of bifacial panels mounted on solar tracking systems. We evaluated microclimate and environmental conditions across five locations: four within-facility microsites (underneath solar panels, east and west panel driplines, and interspaces between panel rows) and one in the undisturbed desert outside the facility. Results Under panel microsites experienced lower …

The Bg News April 01, 2026, Bowling Green State University

BG News (Student Newspaper)

The BGSU campus student newspaper. April 01, 2026. Volume 105-Issue 23.

How Ip Ends, Dave Fagundes, Aaron Perzanowski

Articles

Real and personal property may last forever, but intellectual property (IP) ends. Despite the doctrinal complexity and practical significance of the mechanisms that terminate IP rights, scholarship has scarcely focused on them, and none has analyzed these doctrines as a unified field. As a result, the discourse about the ways IP ends remains impoverished, with courts, legislatures, and commentators offering imprecise and inconsistent formulations that obscure the rationales for these doctrines. This Article offers the first comprehensive taxonomy of IP’s terminal mechanisms, providing much-needed conceptual and definitional coherence. It then reveals the underappreciated policy leverage these mechanisms can deliver and …

Available Space… The Final Frontier An Empirical Analysis Of The Heterogeneous Regulatory Burdens That Oversee Private Schools Within States With School Choice Policies, Patrick J. Wolf, Colyn Ritter, Misty Gallo

Education Reform Faculty and Graduate Students Publications

Using administrative data available from a variety of public sources, our research team examined the ways in which state and local regulatory burdens along with state political and economic factors work to encourage or depress the supply response of private school providers in the years following the adoption of school choice policies. We tracked counts of private schools using NCES and state departments of education at baseline year 1 of program implementation and a second outcome variable measuring the change from baseline to the current year (2024). We estimate the effect of state political and socioeconomic controls, two regulatory and …

The Student Movement Volume 110 Issue 19: Summer Surprise, Secret Sidewalks, And Superstars, Nathaniel Reid, Kyle Simpson, Ysa Dennis, Melanie Webb, Addison Randall, Anna Pak, Reagan Westerman, Madison Vath, Alyssa Caruthers, Maya Thomas, Anna Rybachek

The Student Movement V. 110 (2025-2026)

AUTHENTIC FACTS

Andrew Francis to Return to Student Movement as Editor in Chief, .- .. -.- ---

Summer Break Canceled for AU Architecture Students, (Not) Nathaniel Reid

Mysterious Message in Andrews' Sidewalks Reveals Long-Lost History, Kyle Simpson

ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT

Should Actors' Public Personas Influence Their Award Chances?, Ysa Dennis

The Collingsworth Family to Bring Hymns to the HPAC. Melanie Webb

How Close Is Too Close? The Nature of Press Tour Relationships, Ysa Dennis

Andrews University Choirs Present Spring Concert, Addison Randall

HUMANS

Women in STEM Faculty Spotlight, Anna Pak

NEWS

Pre-Law Students Take the Stand in Campus Mock Trial, …

Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan For Landslides For The Kentucky River Area Development District, Kentucky, Hudson J. Koch, Matt M. Crawford, Jason M. Dortch

Contract Reports--KGS

Landslides are a widespread and complex geologic hazard that affects people and infrastructure. The Kentucky River Area Development District, Kentucky, sustains relatively high landslide activity that impacts several municipalities in eastern Kentucky. This hazard mitigation planning project outlines landslide hazard and risk assessments for the Kentucky River Area Development District, with information needed for each community in the region to develop mitigation strategies that will support infrastructure and development needs, land-use planning, situational awareness, and response and recovery actions for the communities.