Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 24361 - 24390 of 1823837

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Covid-19 And Public Spaces: Improving Quality And Resilience For Healthier Places Case Study Liberty Square In Biskra, Hocine Boumaraf, Faiza Dahmouche, Louisa Amireche Apr 2026

Covid-19 And Public Spaces: Improving Quality And Resilience For Healthier Places Case Study Liberty Square In Biskra, Hocine Boumaraf, Faiza Dahmouche, Louisa Amireche

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The current Covid-19 pandemic has interested the world, changing habits and use of places. During the lockdown period, public spaces became empty, and new urban landscapes replaced the previous ones, transforming the private into the public. Children, young and elderly people were those who mainly had problems: to them, real life was negated at the time of their life, which is more critical reopening all public spaces once again allowed social interactions “in the presence”, although with respect for physical distancing, confirming the importance of these places for all. Safe urban public spaces are essential due to their public health …

Go to article

Development Measures For Slums Of Dhaka City : Case Study Area Korail Slum, Sanjida Ahmed Sinthia Apr 2026

Development Measures For Slums Of Dhaka City : Case Study Area Korail Slum, Sanjida Ahmed Sinthia

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh is extremely populated, unhygienic and environmentally degraded city. The growing number of population and environmental degradation are due to natural disaster and economic depression. As a result, the rate of urban poor is and producing huge pressure on urban lands, housing and infrastructure. Due to limited resources these poor people encroached open spaces, wetlands, vacant plots or even footpath for shelter. They don’t have any access to proper job market, healthcare facilities, education and sanitation either. These constraints are mostly resulted from the failures of the government in initiation proper policies and measures. Past …

Go to article

The Nature Of The Architectural Surfaces And The Structural Relationships In Order To Build Stability And Formal Balance, Anwar Shareef Apr 2026

The Nature Of The Architectural Surfaces And The Structural Relationships In Order To Build Stability And Formal Balance, Anwar Shareef

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The architectural surface represents one of the main pillars of formal configuration that work with each other to give the building external appearance and its formal properties. In general, the most important challenges facing the study of architecture is the analysis of The Structural Relationships under which the formal formation and formulas for generating its patterns within the different architectural directions to benefit from her in the process of architectural education. This original_study represented a step in the way of analyzing and establishing an information base for architectural propositions that dealt with surfaces according to Structural Relationships with multiple linking, …

Go to article

Employing Smart Systems In Integrated Management Of Infrastructure For Housing Projects, Marwa Mohammed Al-Zaidi, Safaaaldeen Ali Apr 2026

Employing Smart Systems In Integrated Management Of Infrastructure For Housing Projects, Marwa Mohammed Al-Zaidi, Safaaaldeen Ali

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Many contemporary economic and social drivers have enabled the introduction of sensor network technologies, computing and communication systems in urban infrastructure and contemporary housing projects with the aim of achieving integration between infrastructure management. As a result, the current study deals with a topic that has not been dealt with through previous studies, theses and theses in an accurate and required manner. Therefore, the aim of the research was to clarify the role of smart systems in achieving integrated management by building a comprehensive theoretical framework to be a research problem (the need for a comprehensive theoretical framework on the …

Go to article

Physical Revitalization Of The Historical Paths: An Analytical Study For Urban Connectivity Property Of Al-Safafer Market Axis In Baghdad, Rawan Adel Khalaf, Sanaa Sati Abbas Apr 2026

Physical Revitalization Of The Historical Paths: An Analytical Study For Urban Connectivity Property Of Al-Safafer Market Axis In Baghdad, Rawan Adel Khalaf, Sanaa Sati Abbas

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The historical paths  suffer from neglect for a long time as a result of inappropriate interventions and the loss of public spaces, which led to their deterioration and the loss of their urban value, The research problem was "The cognitive  need to clarify the physical revitalization as a type of sustainable revitalization patterns and the possibility of its  application to avoid urban neglect of historical paths". Therefore, the aim of the research is to built a theoretical framework on urban connectivity property and relationship with mechanisms the physical revitalization .The research hypothesis is that "The mechanisms of physical revitalization have …

Go to article

The Role Of Third Place In Revitalizing The Interior Spaces Of The Academic Libraries Through The Concept Of Identity, Israa Al Jailawi Al Jailawi, Shamael Mohammed Wajeeh Al Dabbagh Apr 2026

The Role Of Third Place In Revitalizing The Interior Spaces Of The Academic Libraries Through The Concept Of Identity, Israa Al Jailawi Al Jailawi, Shamael Mohammed Wajeeh Al Dabbagh

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

With the rapid prevailing of electronic information resources and services, the traditional academic libraries are being declined and gradually deserted. Recent studies highlighted this issue as one of the challenges of the digital era. Responding to this issue, this paper introduces the idea of revitalizing academic libraries through the concept of "Third place" based on the possibility of providing traditional libraries with new interior spaces wherein students, scholars, and faculty can learn and socialize as well as cooperate, without stress. Based on the literature reviewed, there are several factors through which it is possible to enhance the interior spaces to …

Go to article

Emergence Of Water Sensitive Design: Alternate Development Strategies For Eastern Periphery Of Dhaka Metropolitan Area, Ayasha Siddiqua Apr 2026

Emergence Of Water Sensitive Design: Alternate Development Strategies For Eastern Periphery Of Dhaka Metropolitan Area, Ayasha Siddiqua

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, once had lowlands on both west and east periphery. The west periphery has already taken up by urbanization after constructing the flood embankment and in the eastern periphery it is on process of disappearing very fast. City is now expanding to this area which requires mandatory to keep open and low to take water from city for flooding alleviation. Lack of physical planning is very evident here which causes great degradation of the flooding and water logging situation of the city. At present master planning of the city following subdivision of land and provide …

Go to article

The Urban Synergy - Building A Formal Strategy For Synergies In Contemporary Urban Space, Noor Saeb Ahmed, Khansaa Ghazi Rasheed Apr 2026

The Urban Synergy - Building A Formal Strategy For Synergies In Contemporary Urban Space, Noor Saeb Ahmed, Khansaa Ghazi Rasheed

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

What appears in most urban environments is poor spatial and functional cohesion, in addition to various factors overlap and mixed within urban projects .We will have to understand the various forms and relationships that help to re-establish cohesion into the urban fabric, Therefore, the research needed to delve deeper into contemporary concepts to deal with it. Contemporary urban projects usually seek to maintain the connection between individual elements and the process of creating cohesion of urban space through its constituent elements. At the same time reduce its negative impact on urban tissue and city life. This highlights the importance of …

Go to article

The Abstraction Of Architectural Heritage In Contemporary Local Architecture: Abstraction In Contemporary Iraqi Architecture, Sura Kassim, Ibrahim Jawad Kadhim Al-Yousif, Ali Moussa Hussein Apr 2026

The Abstraction Of Architectural Heritage In Contemporary Local Architecture: Abstraction In Contemporary Iraqi Architecture, Sura Kassim, Ibrahim Jawad Kadhim Al-Yousif, Ali Moussa Hussein

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Abstraction is used in architectural and interior design and is based on abstraction with formal values, taking into account the functional aspect of architecture. Architectural heritage represents the cultural value that directly affects successive generations, and embodies cultural values to reflect the social, economic and political aspect that contributes to the advancement of human civilization, and architectural heritage is the basis of architectural thought in societies that have unity. Cultural. He found that the concept of the philosophy of abstraction has multiple views, whether Western and local and dependent on the nature of cultural, social and environmental thought, and for …

Go to article

Urban Resilience And City Infrastructure Urban Resilience Of Baghdad, Sanaa Sati Abbas, Sura Kassim Apr 2026

Urban Resilience And City Infrastructure Urban Resilience Of Baghdad, Sanaa Sati Abbas, Sura Kassim

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

This paper aims to study urban resilience as an adaptive system in a complex dynamic world along with its ability to comprehend disorder, change and reorganization to conserve identity. Urban resilience can be understood through the interrelationship between people and nature as a source-ecological system. The case study is represented by analyzing (Edlayd City in Australia) in depending on resilience advantages in which optimized by a renewable resource, zero carbon, equity in distributing energy, active environment, sustainable transportation and investing natural materials. Hence, these advantages have been applied on (Al-Karkh Haifa Street) in Baghdad in order to develop its infrastructure …

Go to article

Role Of Technology Utilization Reviving Al-Ukhaidir, Mahdi Saleh A.H. Al-Ataabi, Karrer Nadhim Al-Shahmanie Apr 2026

Role Of Technology Utilization Reviving Al-Ukhaidir, Mahdi Saleh A.H. Al-Ataabi, Karrer Nadhim Al-Shahmanie

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The monuments are considered as evidence, landmarks and important memory for events that associated with characteristics. It also represents a civilized, cultural and economic wealth accumulated through ages. Heritage has two main aspects; physical and moral. Recently, considerable efforts have been devoted to conserve many heritage buildings that have historic values so as to restore them. This restoration can reinforce the links between those ancient buildings and their environment. There is a lack of enough knowledge about the concept of the utilization of new technological advancements and its impact on the reuse of historical buildings with symbolic value. To address …

Go to article

The Role Of Standards In Hospitals’ Buildings Adaptation: Al-Falluja Teaching Hospital As Case Study, Mustafa Kamil Kadhim, Rasha Noori Ahmed Apr 2026

The Role Of Standards In Hospitals’ Buildings Adaptation: Al-Falluja Teaching Hospital As Case Study, Mustafa Kamil Kadhim, Rasha Noori Ahmed

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Previous studies have shown adaptation as key requirements of 21st century buildings generally and particularly, in hospitals’ buildings design, which are depend to apply the technical and global standards enable them to keeping up the development, and be respond to all changes happened with the evolution. While the war and the security deterioration are important factors that effect of hospital performance largely, and make it to exposure the functional and spatial obsolescence, and through that the research was founded lack of studies that focused on the concept of adaptation in the healthcare facilities, that identified the problem as (Lack of …

Go to article

Secure Architectural Design Of Commercial Buildings: Terrorist And Criminal Aspects In Shopping Centers, Tuqa Mahmood Hameed, Abdullah Saadoon Salman Almaamoori Apr 2026

Secure Architectural Design Of Commercial Buildings: Terrorist And Criminal Aspects In Shopping Centers, Tuqa Mahmood Hameed, Abdullah Saadoon Salman Almaamoori

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The study deals with the concept of security as one of the concepts that affect the process of architectural design. Despite the development of architecture, one of its main objectives remains that the buildings are general and commercial, especially safe, regardless of the degree of urbanization or simplicity of the building, especially in view of the increasing threat of terrorist and criminal threats, Especially when human threats are common and are practiced for various reasons in the 21st century. The research problem is thus (the emergence of the cognitive need to study the safe design of human threats to commercial …

Go to article

The Effect Of Simultaneous And Sequential Performance Evaluations On Restricting The Formal Diversity Of Design, Dhuha A. Al-Kazzaz, Ayad Waleed Jalal Aswad Apr 2026

The Effect Of Simultaneous And Sequential Performance Evaluations On Restricting The Formal Diversity Of Design, Dhuha A. Al-Kazzaz, Ayad Waleed Jalal Aswad

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Performance-based architectural design is an approach to consider building performance as a key element in its generation and formation. This trend has become possible due to the development of digital technologies which enabled the designer to simulate the building performance digitally in different areas of design such as constructional, environmental, etc. In this approach, the performance assessment is an essential facility in the derivation of architectural form. Previous studies showed different opinions about where, when and how to apply evaluation criteria. Consequently, the research problem has been identified as: there is no clear understanding of the effect of different methods …

Go to article

Ornamentation And Transformations Of Architectural Facades In Different Architectural Periods, Enas Salim, Abdullah Saadoon Salman Almaamoori Apr 2026

Ornamentation And Transformations Of Architectural Facades In Different Architectural Periods, Enas Salim, Abdullah Saadoon Salman Almaamoori

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Ornamentation emerged as one of the most prominent concepts that associated with the architecture for its final crystallization through creation and production together, which drew the attention of research concept, after clarifying the depth of the Ornamentation in the architectural surfaces as a system of intellectual and material oriented to the architectural output and as a transient over time and confirmed transformations of models of adornment, The research objective is to explore the indicators of ornamentation that responsible for the formulation and embodiment of architectural products according to the transformations of architectural visions. The research adopted descriptive analytical method for …

Go to article

Integration Of Formal Structure In Urban Centers, Khansaa Ghazi Rasheed, Mohammed Kareem Salman Apr 2026

Integration Of Formal Structure In Urban Centers, Khansaa Ghazi Rasheed, Mohammed Kareem Salman

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Today, our cities are witnessing rapid expansion, growth and transformation to meet needs, The most important of these transformations is the transform of parts of residential neighborhoods into urban centers dynamically with the growth and expansion of the city, And this made us stand on the problems experienced by these modern urban centers of the absence of the elements of a structured structure integrated with them as well as the factors that affect this came this research to highlight this important aspect of urban development and urbanization. The research deal with the definition of urban centers , patterns and the …

Go to article

Pedestrian Friendly Environment In Residential Complexes Case Study Erbil, Sanaa Sati Abbas, Asmaa Omar Al.Talib Apr 2026

Pedestrian Friendly Environment In Residential Complexes Case Study Erbil, Sanaa Sati Abbas, Asmaa Omar Al.Talib

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

This paper studies the concept of Pedestrian Friendly Environment in Residential complexes. It's defined it as (an environment that posses number of design and social characteristics, such as safety, vitality, connected and accessible. Also interesting, comfortable, through good design of pedestrian axes, mixed use and sustainable transportation. The research problem is that (there is a knowledge gap about the characteristics of this environment, and its treatment in residential complexes locally .The research hypothesis is that (The Pedestrian Friendly Environment in Residential complexes materialized through, planning dimensions, design and environmental characteristics and treatments). The paper found that the aim of pedestrian …

Go to article

Extended Restorative Spaces: Restaurants As A Case Study, Hind Abdul Safaa Aldeen Hameed Al Shahiry, Shamael Mohammed Wajeeh Al Dabbagh Apr 2026

Extended Restorative Spaces: Restaurants As A Case Study, Hind Abdul Safaa Aldeen Hameed Al Shahiry, Shamael Mohammed Wajeeh Al Dabbagh

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Stress and tension are considered among the most important characteristics of today's modern society, which in turn affect the mental and physical health of the people, it affects negatively mostly on the ability of the person to focus and perform a mentally stressed tasks. in addition to the physical effects such as fatigue and exhaustion, and as a consequence it shows a falter in blood pressure levels, cholesterol and so on. Within such environment, the role of the architect and interior designer becomes more interesting to invest in social spaces and spaces of hospitality as a daily escape to temporary …

Go to article

Re-Pointing As Technique In Repair And Sustainable Architectural Preservation, Khawla Kareem Kawther Apr 2026

Re-Pointing As Technique In Repair And Sustainable Architectural Preservation, Khawla Kareem Kawther

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Urban heritage has great historical and cultural value, There are initiatives to repair buildings where have been damaged, the problem lies in repair techniques, skill, quality of materials used, as of things that have taken on an ongoing renovations on buildings macerated, is the use of different building materials from the original in terms of the scale or type, that the quality of the old as the aesthetic, the privacy and the symbolism dimensions become, architecture constants, and the need to develop appropriate ways to do these reforms, which can cause a lot of damage to the architectural heritage if …

Go to article

The Impact Of Technology In Indigenization Strategy The Local Contemporary Architecture As A Case Study, Abbas Ali Hamza Al Greiza, Suaad Khaleel Ibraheem, Arwa Mohammed Mubarak Apr 2026

The Impact Of Technology In Indigenization Strategy The Local Contemporary Architecture As A Case Study, Abbas Ali Hamza Al Greiza, Suaad Khaleel Ibraheem, Arwa Mohammed Mubarak

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The swift development of technology have a major act in architectural project making, which Features by changes and development in the intellectual and formal aspects. It showed the new formal Types of buildings with the zeitgeist of the technical aspects whether it is in the process of design or construction. Many of the architectural projects appeared that carry a formality contemporary values stemming from technology concepts within the context of local architecture, from here research come to study the impact of technology in the process of production the contemporary local architecture. Thus emerged the concept of technological indigenization which mean …

Go to article

The Impact Of The Internal Space Elements On The Performance Of Efficiency In The Inpatient Ward, Saad Mohsin Hmoud Apr 2026

The Impact Of The Internal Space Elements On The Performance Of Efficiency In The Inpatient Ward, Saad Mohsin Hmoud

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The health sector in Iraq is suffering from the absence of keep up with modern trends. At the healing architecture fields which is linked to Building performance of efficiency especially on interior design. That is have physical and psychological effect and impact of the users experience and mechanism of transforming this experience into realty by using elements of internal spaces. Research is based on the perception that is building performance efficiency depend on internal space elements, through patients experience on the surrounding environment in the inpatient wards. Therefore, research problem is cognitive deficiencies on the impact of internal space elements …

Go to article

The Effect Of Social Mobility To Disfigure Houses Elevations (Houses In Holy Karbala As A Cause Study), Mahdi Saleh A.H. Al-Ataabi, Ali Adnan Alwan Alhelli Apr 2026

The Effect Of Social Mobility To Disfigure Houses Elevations (Houses In Holy Karbala As A Cause Study), Mahdi Saleh A.H. Al-Ataabi, Ali Adnan Alwan Alhelli

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Architecture is a mutual dialogue system where the place and time interact with environment. However, when noises interfere with this process, the architecture system will lose its mutual dialogue, which prevent society such an important communicating tool with world. Therefore, the objective of this article is to declare the effect of the society trends system changes in deforming the signification system that produce architectural forms, that lead to disfigurement of architecture. The research problem is “the Social mobility is associated with a signification system changes and appearance of disfigurement. We suppose that the social mobility push the architecture of society …

Go to article

Residents Satisfaction In The Residential Environment, Sanaa Sati Abbas, Saba Salih Salal Apr 2026

Residents Satisfaction In The Residential Environment, Sanaa Sati Abbas, Saba Salih Salal

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

This Paper studies the concept of residents satisfaction in residential environment . It' defines it as the emotional responses of the residents to the residential environment, whether it is a physical environment , which includes the characteristics of the house ,public services and neighborhood facilities , or social indicators environment such as privacy and belonging, this response varies according to demographics and experiences dweller. The aim of this paper is to study this concept locally. Research hypotheses was that , the residents satisfaction is materialized through the physical environment characteristics and the social environment indicators . The research finding that …

Go to article

The Impact Of The Sacred Sites In The Particularity Of The City Holy City Of Najaf As A Case Study, Khansaa Ghazi Rasheed, Sarah Munther Abdel Hamza Apr 2026

The Impact Of The Sacred Sites In The Particularity Of The City Holy City Of Najaf As A Case Study, Khansaa Ghazi Rasheed, Sarah Munther Abdel Hamza

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The sacred sites considered as explicit spiritual and architectural symbols, enhance the memory of what society holds of history, culture and the nature of his relationship with the sacred, which contribute to enhancing the privacy of the city through what is achieved from the meanings interact with human directly affect the city properties of architectural and urban features on different material and spiritual level. Basically, the research began by searching about the sacred concept in various fields down to discuss studies and proposals that dealwith the holy sites and the content of the types and characteristics and spiritual values, so …

Go to article

Visual Integration Of Historic Cities Centers- Al Rasheed Street, Abdul Hussien Abd Ali Al-Askary, Atheer Omran Hayyawi Al-Kaissi Apr 2026

Visual Integration Of Historic Cities Centers- Al Rasheed Street, Abdul Hussien Abd Ali Al-Askary, Atheer Omran Hayyawi Al-Kaissi

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Historic centers are considered as one of the main problems introduced in the contemporary literatures, The concept of visual integration was discussed in several studies on several levels (philosophical, urban, architectural), while they did not get to intensively within the studies dealing with the concept on a holistic level and in all its aspects. The research problem defind as, "The lack of image about the concept and indicators of street visual integration " The hypothesis of Search is "Vary the effect of the elements , relationships and properties visual for elevations at the level of the Part and the whole …

Go to article

Concept Of The Sense Of Control For Wellness Supportive Design [Theory In The Interior Spaces Of Senior Living], Shamael Mohammed Wajeeh Al Dabbagh, Sarah Alaa Baqer Bayram Apr 2026

Concept Of The Sense Of Control For Wellness Supportive Design [Theory In The Interior Spaces Of Senior Living], Shamael Mohammed Wajeeh Al Dabbagh, Sarah Alaa Baqer Bayram

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Seniors represent an important category in any society being one of the most important institutions of community, Architects, planners, psychologists and sociologists have taken into account major considerations when designing the interior spaces in health institutions to help reinforce a curing environment. The research problem identified by the lack of a clear perception of the concept of sense of control within social support of supportive wellness design theory, in relation to internal space elements and their role in promoting recovery within the atmosphere of the internal environment of the elderly residence, the main hypothesis of the research, which were represented …

Go to article

The Impact Of Event In The Context And Response Of Architectural Act, Abdul Hussien Abd Ali Al-Askary Apr 2026

The Impact Of Event In The Context And Response Of Architectural Act, Abdul Hussien Abd Ali Al-Askary

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The research philosophically deals with objects, about how the Architectural act represents many acts in the fact of context. The research problem is how the architectural act was responding to the event that happened in the context. The research hypothesis is: there is a relationship between strategies of reading (explanation, interpretation, and deconstruction) and strategies of response (animation, renewal, and reform). The plan of the research includes two parts: first part includes knowledge framework about; event, response, and architectural act, second part includes analysis of terms and ideas of many architects. According to first part, the event, response, and architectural …

Go to article

The Role Of Formal Characteristics In Harmony Townscape Holy City Of Najaf - Case Study, Asma Niazy Taher, Ali Mosa, Ahmad Hussain Al-Musawi Apr 2026

The Role Of Formal Characteristics In Harmony Townscape Holy City Of Najaf - Case Study, Asma Niazy Taher, Ali Mosa, Ahmad Hussain Al-Musawi

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

This research deals with how to deal with the formal elements constituting the urban scene and its formal characteristics to achieve the phenomenon of harmony in urban centers through the construction of an integrated theoretical model for the phenomenon of ( harmony ) , it is determined through the basics and fundamentals of harmony and the main factors that depend on it and finding the values the formal characteristics of harmony and the degrees of harmony, and according to this perspective have been identified ,the major problem of the research is: the lack of clarity of the role of the …

Go to article

Tectonic In Architecture, Ali Mohsen Jaafar Al-Khafaji Apr 2026

Tectonic In Architecture, Ali Mohsen Jaafar Al-Khafaji

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Architectural development along its history reflects advancement of expression ability of ideas , elements and structural systems . This explain how a specific structural system gains specific aesthetic values which obtained by cumulative experts advice about construction and architecture , also explain the convertibility of constructional thought pure structural system into structural system tectonic . The research problem was the lake of knowledge about complex degree of tectonic consept and its correlation with the structural system and construction . From this point, the comprehensive understanding of a tectonic concept depends on understanding the essential nature of structural system and construction …

Go to article

The Role Of Planning Standards In Sustaining Residential Community Analytical Study Of The Growing Standard, Sanaa Sati Abbas, Ghooson Najem Abdulzahra Apr 2026

The Role Of Planning Standards In Sustaining Residential Community Analytical Study Of The Growing Standard, Sanaa Sati Abbas, Ghooson Najem Abdulzahra

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Planning standards are considered as one of important concepts. The role of such standards appear in guiding the sustainable development plans , and the transformation to sustainable residential communities .So, the research problem which arised is that there is a knowledge gab about the role of the growing standard in achieving sustainability in residential community. The research studies the sustainable residential community, in order to deduce the main indicators related to it , which include (social , economic , environment and physical standards). The paper focused on the physical standards only,so research hypothesis is represented by : "the growing standard …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last