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On Some Properties Of Generalised Regular Anti-Topological Space, Bhimraj Basumatary, Gugu Narzary, Jeevan Krishna Khaklary

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

This article studies Regular Anti-open sets and Generalised Regular Anti-open sets within a topological framework, addressing the limited development of anti-open structures in generalised topology. We introduce Regular Anti-open sets and establish their fundamental properties. The study is extended by defining Generalised Regular Anti-open sets, providing a broader and more flexible class of sets. Furthermore, the notions of GR-interior and GR-closure are introduced and analyzed, and their essential properties are obtained. The results contribute to a clearer understanding of generalized anti-open structures and provide a basis for further research in topology.

International Law Situations: Economic Warfare At Sea, Raul (Pete) Pedrozo

International Law Studies

This Situation examines what measures belligerents may take against enemy and neutral merchant ships at sea during an international armed conflict. Operation Epic Fury serves as the backdrop to demonstrate the applicability of economic warfare during international armed conflict at sea. Iranian-flagged and Guyanese-flagged vessels are operating in service of the Iranian economy and war effort. These ships may be captured as part of U.S. economic warfare against Iran.

Origin And Age Of Fluvioglacial Sediments On Staten Island Ny And Implications For Meltwater Flow, Jane L. Alexander, Victoria Rivelli, Sean T. Thatcher

Publications and Research

In the northeastern United States, sediments related to the expansion and contraction of the Laurentide ice sheet have been extensively mapped throughout New England, as well as in New Jersey and on Long Island. However, linking these deposits around New York City is challenging due to the extensive urbanization. Staten Island is less developed than the other boroughs of New York City, however outcrops of rock and surface sediment are limited, making interpretation of its geologic history challenging. When small areas of sediment are temporarily exposed, they can be used to improve our understanding of sediment erosion and deposition over …

Evaluation Of Serum Eotaxin And Related Biomarkers In Focal And Generalized Epilepsy, Fenik Ahmed Nadir, Firas Shawqi Algburi, Zeyan Abdullah Ali, Shaima Ahmed Nadir

Baghdad Science Journal

Epilepsy is a common brain disorder, characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures, with associated neuropsychiatric and cognitive comorbidities and increased mortality. Assessment of serum Eotaxin and related biomarkers offers useful information about neuroinflammatory activity and metabolic imbalance in epilepsy, and may have potential value as diagnostic and prognostic tools. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between Eotaxin, Intelectin-1, Kynurenine, and Proprotein Convertase-1 and epilepsy. The study consisted of 90 subjects who were classified into three groups: 30 healthy controls, 31 patients with focal epilepsy, and 30 patients with generalized epilepsy. Serum samples were obtained, and biomarker concentrations …

A Goal Programming Approach For Finding The Best Compromise Solution Of Multiobjective Linear Programming Under Neutrosophic Environment, Sultan S. Alodhaibi, Hamiden Abd El- Wahed Khalifa

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Decision problems often involve multiple objectives that conflict, making simultaneous optimization impossible. These problems require trade-offs to achieve a solution that balances the competing goals. In this paper, the detailed discussion that is related to linear programming (SVTrNFMOLP) with single valued trapezoidal neutrosophic numbers is made. Furthermore, this study deals with all the related parameters and discussion. As rank function and due to its definition, the SVTrNFMOLP is transformed in the crisp MOLP. It is noticed that goal programming is best to get the best compromise solution. The advantages of the proposed approach are: The use of Tr allows the …

Isometric Force Characterization Of Braided Pneumatic Actuators, Ben Bolen, Mohammad Elzein, Lawrence Pang, Alexander Hunt

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Artificial muscles such as braided pneumatic actuators (BPAs) offer many advantages for robotic systems, including high durability and strength-to-weight ratios. However, their use in robotic systems is still extremely limited, in part due to their poor force, length, and pressure characterization. In this work, a test setup is created to compare force produced by Festo fluidic BPAs with leading models. Our analysis of the data has resulted in (1) the development of new equations to calculate force as functions of pressure and contraction for Festo BPAs with uninflated diameters of 10 mm and 20 mm, and (2) a novel equation …

Persistent Health Inequalities Over 20 Years Among Adults With Intellectual Disabilities Who Display Behaviours That Challenge: Evidence From English Primary Care Records, Memta Jagtiani, Aws Sadik, Louise Marston, Shoumitro Deb, Dheeraj Rai, Bhathika Perera, Rohit Shankar, Juliette A. O’Connell, Angela Hassiotis

Peninsula Medical School

BackgroundAdults with intellectual disabilities who display behaviours that challenge (BtC) are more prone to poor health.AimsThis study seeks to evidence the long-term health outcomes for those who display BtC.MethodWe conducted a longitudinal cohort study of adults with intellectual disabilities aged ≥18 years in England, using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum (January 2003 to December 2023) linked to Hospital Episode Statistics and Office for National Statistics. Main outcome measures were annual health checks, general practitioner referrals, emergency visits, out-patient attendance, in-patient admissions and mortality.ResultsAmong 83 166 adults with intellectual disabilities (mean age 38.6 years), 18.5% had a record …

Mining And Sustainable Development In Sierra Leone: The Role Of Institutional Quality, Ibrahim Massaquoi

Journal of Sustainable Mining

While mining can drive economic growth, create jobs, and promote infrastructural development, it also poses risks to the environment, human health, and social well-being. Therefore, to achieve sustainable development, responsible mining is crucial. This study empirically examines the role of institutional quality in the mining-sustainable development nexus in Sierra Leone. With the use of the planetary pressures-adjusted human development index (PHDI) as a comprehensive measure of sustainable development, the study is able to integrate economic, social, and environmental dimensions. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model confirms the existence of both short-run and long-run dynamics. The results of the study show …

Hope And The Handiwork Of Varda: Celestial Signposts Of The Music’S Mending, Kristine Larsen

Journal of Tolkien Research

Varda, the Queen of the Valar, wields tremendous cosmological power in Tolkien’s legendarium. It is not without cause that Melkor fears her, as her power is literally written in the stars for all to see. Not only do her bright stars and constellations provide light against the darkness, but two of her creations – the Valacirca (Big Dipper) and Menelmacar (Orion) – are direct and intentional warning signs to Melkor of his unavoidable defeat in the Last Battle at the end of days. Indeed, Melkor’s capture by the armies of the Valar at the end of the First Age is …

Distributed Self-Control Of Dynamical Networks By Adaptive Link Weight Adjustments, Hiroki Sayama

Northeast Journal of Complex Systems (NEJCS)

Conventional control theory considers controlling the behavior of a dynamical system toward a desired state by injecting externally designed inputs into the system. Meanwhile, most complex systems exhibit self-organization through local information exchanges among individual dynamical components that are embedded within a complex network of interactions. The self-organizing dynamics of those systems are realized in a highly distributed manner using locally available information only, and therefore, their behaviors have not been discussed much from a control theoretic viewpoint. Meanwhile, adaptive networks, i.e., dynamical networks whose states and topologies coevolve at similar time scales, can offer a promising theoretical framework in …

Who I Used To Be, Jonathan Elias Nieves-Luiggi

Night Flight: Online Literary Journal

This short story explores the lasting effects of childhood fear and emotional pain through the life of Luis, burdened by painful childhood memories and the fear he carried for years in silence. Moving between memory and the present, the narrative follows the story as it becomes a moving journey of healing, self-acceptance, and the realization that he no longer has to hide from what once hurt him.

Gci Vortex Microbubble Refiner (Vmr) V2.5‑T “Titan”, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

The Vortex Microbubble Refiner (VMR) v2.5‑T “Titan” is a conceptual plasma–acoustic hybrid designed for complete mineralization of PFAS, microplastics, and persistent organic pollutants. It integrates geometry‑induced cavitation, microbubble plasma discharge, zirconium‑based MOF sensing surfaces, and adaptive AI‑regulated pulsed flow. The system uses hydrodynamic energy to generate cavitation and requires only a low‑current plasma spark to ionize argon microbubbles. Titan v2.5‑T includes dual‑stage counter‑current cavitation, zeolite cold‑trap off‑gas recycling, ceramic hardfacing for durability, and real‑time chemical detection. This disclosure is conceptual only and requires expert validation before any real‑world implementation.

A-Badilisha Decentralized Economic Coordination Protocol, Joe Dulo

Defensive Publications Series

ABSTRACT

A-Badilisha: A Decentralized Asset-Anchoring and Service Coordination Protocol for Informal Economies

This disclosure introduces A-Badilisha, a decentralized economic coordination protocol engineered to mobilize idle capital within informal and under-banked jurisdictions. The protocol solves the systemic "cash drought" typical of these regions by deploying an Asset-Anchoring Mechanism, which programmatically converts stagnant physical inventory and underutilized labor into liquid Community Credit (CCC).

Unlike traditional credit models dependent on fiat-based collateral or external banking reserves, A-Badilisha utilizes a self-repaying cycle where anchored physical assets—such as raw building materials, essential stock, or verified service hours—serve as the underlying collateral. The protocol maintains stability …

Multi-Cloud Latency-Aware Ledger Synchronization Layer System And A Method Thereof, Ananya Verma, Raouf Khan

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to a multi-cloud latency-aware ledger synchronization layer system for maintaining consistency of payment networks across geographically distributed data centers. The system includes a distributed telemetry mesh configured to continuously measure inter-cloud network performance metrics such as latency, jitter, and packet loss. Furthermore, the system employs a latency surface modeling engine configured to construct a dynamic latency surface model based on the measured metrics. A synchronization scheduler is then configured to select replication targets and timing windows for ledger updates based on real-time assessments of the latency surface model and compliance constraints, ensuring that critical updates are …

Biopolymer Fibre Production And Metal Free Circuitry, Natalie M. Durdle Miss

Defensive Publications Series

This paper details a decentralized, open-source manufacturing framework designed to produce structural textiles and metal-free electrical circuits using public-domain chemistry and low-cost, unregulated hardware. The platform utilizes expired late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century patent methodologies, optimizing them for domestic, kitchen-scale replication with non-toxic, food-safe components. The primary structural substrate is derived from the acid-precipitation of casein proteins from dairy fractions, which are solubilized in a mild alkali solution to form a viscous spinning dope. To address the historical dependency on toxic cross-linkers like formaldehyde, this framework introduces three accessible micro-extrusion methodologies that utilize a non-toxic, ten percent aqueous potassium alum bath: (1) …

The Metric Field And Its Primitives, Steven Kirkland

Defensive Publications Series

The Metric Field and Its Primitives is the formal-mathematics layer of a research project whose popular-science companion, Inners Guide to the Hyper Loop, ships the story. This volume ships the mathematics: definitions, theorems, proofs, falsifier ladders, and the algebra the framework reads across substrates from atomic spectra to slime moulds to the cosmic substrate.

The framework. A candidate fundamental framing under Metric Field Ontology (MFO) commitments. The conventional readings of physics — general relativity, quantum field theory, the Standard Model, ΛCDM cosmology, M-theory's eleven-dimensional supergravity — are preserved at the mathematical level. What is shifted is the ontological framing: …

Computer Aided Field Investigation (Cafi): A Provenance-First Architecture For Real-Time Msme Credit Decisioning In India, Murali Krishnan

Defensive Publications Series

Computer Aided Field Investigation (CAFI) is a provenance-first architecture for real-time MSME credit decisioning in India, replacing the photographs-and-narrative output of conventional field visits with a hash-chained, tablet-captured, audit-defensible evidence graph. The five-layer architecture combines geo-fenced tablet field capture, DPDP-compliant consent-bound media acquisition, an append-only provenance data model in which every credit-decision fact links to immutable source artifacts, a deterministic real-time triangulation engine cross-validating borrower declarations against Goods and Services Tax (GST) returns and Account Aggregator (AA) bank statement data, a quality-assurance anomaly layer detecting photo perceptual hash collisions, GPS clustering, visit duration outliers, and field-officer response patterns, and a …

Offline‑First Transaction Buffering With Merkle‑Root Synchronization For Mobile Api Requests, Harshwardhan Tripathi

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to a method and a system for synchronizing offline-generated Application Programming Interface (API) requests using Merkle roots between a client device and a server. The present disclosure suggests buffering one or more API requests in a persistent local storage queue responsive to unavailability of network connectivity. Thereafter, the present disclosure suggests generating, for each buffered API request, a cryptographic leaf hash based on a canonical representation of the corresponding API request. Upon generating the cryptographic leaf hash, the present disclosure suggests constructing, by the client device, a Merkle tree including the cryptographic leaf hashes as leaf …

Ocular Neuro‑Restoration System (Onrs): A Non‑Invasive Ultrasound‑Driven Drug Delivery & Biomarker Platform, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

The Ocular Neuro‑Restoration System (ONRS) is a non‑invasive, wearable ultrasound platform designed to deliver neuroprotective and vascular‑restorative therapeutics to the retina, optic nerve head, and posterior eye without injections. The system uses low‑intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU), vortex‑phase acoustic fields, microbubble‑enhanced sonoporation, and microfluidic tear‑exchange diagnostics to overcome the anatomical barriers that normally block ocular drug delivery.

A CMUT phased array generates controlled acoustic streaming and reversible tight‑junction modulation, enabling 10–50× enhanced penetration of small molecules and biologics, consistent with published evidence that ultrasound increases ocular permeability and drug transport .

A PDMS microfluidic gel‑refresh system maintains uniform coupling and eliminates …

System And Method For Automated Testing Gap Categorization And Codebase Vulnerability Localization, Aman Singh

Defensive Publications Series

A system related to automated testing gap categorization and codebase vulnerability localization in large-scale distributed computing environments. The system may receive an incident record containing unstructured text and identifiers pointing to external systems, obtain content from the external systems based on the identifiers, and aggregate the content into a unified context payload. The system may generate a fingerprint data structure based on the unified context payload and a versioned analysis prompt to determine whether AI model analysis is needed. The system may perform multi-stage AI analysis including identifying where a supervised analysis system indicated a testing gap, classifying the type …

Virtual/Augmented Reality Paired Driving Using Digital Key Enabled Device For Pairing/Authentication, Nick Miller, Emelie Jess Ashdown

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes a system for safely driving a vehicle from a remote location using an extended reality (XR) headset, virtual reality (VR) goggles, augmented reality (AR) glasses, or a hardware simulator. Existing remote driving, tele-operation, or remote vehicle control methods often rely on simple passwords, which can be less secure. This new technique uses a high-security digital car key stored on a physical device—such as a smartphone, an object tracking tag, or a small hardware “puck”—that should be placed inside the vehicle before it can be operated remotely. This creates a physical requirement that ensures only someone with authorized …

Energy-Efficient Artificial Intelligence Inference Through Task Decomposition And Heterogeneous Parallel Execution With Critical Path Trade-Off Analysis, Utkarsh Bhardwaj, Shivank Awasthi

Defensive Publications Series

A system performs task decomposition for the energy-aware parallel execution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) inference across heterogeneous computing resources. The technology decomposes a complex prompt into atomic sub-tasks and maps them into a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) to define dependencies. Each sub-task is then classified by its computational nature and routed to hardware, such as a local central processing unit (CPU), neural processing unit (NPU), or cloud server, based on physical energy and carbon cost models. The system analyzes the DAG to identify the critical path, routing these tasks to higher-performance resources to reduce latency while assigning non-critical tasks to …

Multi-Agent Safety Architecture Using Geometric Projections And Cryptographic Egress Control, Neel Mohbe

Defensive Publications Series

Decentralized, multi-agent artificial intelligence (AI) systems can introduce structural vulnerabilities, such as emergent toxicity and alignment erosion, that existing safety paradigms may not fully address. A multi-agent safety architecture is described that can treat safety as a geometric and cryptographic property of a network's communication and consensus fabric. A method can involve mathematically defining a safety concept as a subspace within a model’s activation manifold to create an orthogonal projection operator. This operator may filter agent states to help mitigate harmful emergent content, a cryptographic egress layer with low-rank proofs can be used to verify the filter's application before messages …

Enhancing Social Activity Through Climate-Adaptive Design In Hot-Humid Campus Open-Spaces: A Case Study Of The University Of Basrah In Iraq, Noor A. Almansor, Farah Ahmed Thiab, Riyam Rajab Fenjan

HBRC Journal

Outdoor open spaces between university buildings support students' community interactions and academic achievements. However, in hot-humid climate zones, some of these spaces lack activity and experience social withdrawal due to thermal discomfort. This is seen on the University of Basrah campus. To address this, the study aimed to identify the most suitable climate-adaptive design pattern to improve thermal comfort and, in turn, enhance students' social presence in the University of Basrah's neglected, peripheral outdoor campus spaces. A convergent mixed-method case study was applied. First, measurable environmental and social factors were identified from related studies. Next, two open spaces in the …

The Impact Of Climate Change On Glass Facades: A Bibliometric Analysis, Pelin Akın, Güneş Mutlu Avinç

HBRC Journal

Climate change has direct impacts on the design and performance of building envelopes, necessitating new approaches in the discipline of architecture. In this study, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to understand the effects of climate change on glass façade systems. The 612 academic publications obtained from the Web of Science database were analyzed through R Studio Biblioshiny. Within the scope of the study, publication trends, key themes, prominent authors, institutions and geographical distributions were evaluated in detail. According to the findings of the research, it was indicated that research has gained momentum especially after 2016, focusing on themes such as …

Advances In Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Biocomposites: Processing Techniques, Performance Optimisation, And Future Research Directions, Thomas Adedayo Ayorinde, Tamba Jamiru, Peet F Le Roux, Basiru Philip Aramide, Oluwafemi Emmanuel Ogundahunsi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Kenaf fibre-reinforced composites have attracted considerable interest lately as eco-friendly materials due to their light weight, renewability, degradability, and favourable specific mechanical properties. Despite the advances already achieved in natural fibre composites, the commercial-scale use of kenaf-based composites has been hindered by variations in raw material quality, moisture sensitivity, interphase degradation, thermal instability, and other processing issues. This review critically assesses the morphology, reinforcement behaviour, fibre extraction methods, surface treatments, manufacturing processes, and characterisation techniques employed for kenaf fibre-reinforced composites within the framework of performance and sustainability. The study shows that no extraction and manufacturing process simultaneously optimises fibre integrity, …

Study Of Compressive Strength Of Palm Kernel Shell Concrete Under Various Curing Methods And Predictive Modeling Using Machine Learning, Hyginus Obinna Ozioko, Emmanuel Ebube Eze, Edward Ingio Adah

Engineering and Technology Journal

This study evaluates the compressive strength of Palm Kernel Shell Concrete (PKSC) under different curing methods and develops machine learning models for strength prediction. Concrete mixes containing 0–100% PKS replacement of coarse aggregate were prepared at a constant water-cement ratio of 0.5 and cured by immersion, sprinkling, wet hessian, and open-air methods. Compressive strength was measured at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Increasing PKS content reduced slump from 82 mm to 18 mm, oven-dry density from 2390 kg/m³ to 1430 kg/m³, and initial setting time from 108 min to 76 min. Immersion curing produced the highest …

A Hybrid Deep Learning Framework For Multi-Class Retinal Disease Classification, Ali M. Duhaim, Abbas M. Al-Bakry

AUIQ Technical Engineering Science

Ocular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and cataract remain major causes of vision loss worldwide, creating an increasing demand for accurate and reliable automated diagnostic systems. Although deep learning techniques have demonstrated strong performance in retinal image analysis, their clinical adoption is still limited by challenges related to predictive reliability, robustness, and interpretability. This study presents HEFR-Net (Hybrid EfficientNet-B3 and ResNet-50 Feature-Fusion Network), a hybrid deep learning framework designed for multi-class classification of retinal fundus images. The proposed architecture integrates EfficientNet-B3 and ResNet-50 through feature-level fusion, enabling the model to capture both fine-grained texture patterns and high-level structural characteristics …

High Temperature High Pressure Extraction Methods, Natalie M. Durdle Miss

Defensive Publications Series

A method is disclosed for accelerating the extraction of flavor volatiles, peptides, and gelatin from animal tissue using high-temperature, high-pressure, non-turbulent conditions to prevent emulsion. The disclosure further details a rapid clarification protocol using mechanically released intracellular proteins to form an aerated, buoyant filtration raft, as well as a cryo-filtration process leveraging a self-assembling gelatin polymer network to separate lipids and hazy proteins from an aqueous phase. These processes are specified for both artisanal culinary production and mass-scale commercial soup, pet food, and protein recovery manufacturing operations.

Accelerated Production Of Culinary Stocks, Natalie M. Durdle Miss

Defensive Publications Series

A method is disclosed for accelerating the extraction of flavor volatiles, peptides, and gelatin from animal tissue using high-temperature, high-pressure, non-turbulent conditions to prevent emulsion. The disclosure further details a rapid clarification protocol using mechanically released intracellular proteins to form an aerated, buoyant filtration raft, as well as a cryo-filtration process leveraging a self-assembling gelatin polymer network to separate lipids and hazy proteins from an aqueous phase.