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Developing Organizational Leaders’ Personal Mastery Through Emotional Intelligence Training In The Workplace: An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis, Billie Bruce Relyea May 2025

Developing Organizational Leaders’ Personal Mastery Through Emotional Intelligence Training In The Workplace: An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis, Billie Bruce Relyea

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Mayer and Salovey, seminal researchers of emotional intelligence (EI), indicated that the ability measures of EI are still evolving, and the mental abilities involved in EI remain to be determined. Organizational leaders should understand this intention as the key to developing EI and personal mastery, resting firmly upon attaining accurate self-awareness as a prerequisite for human behavior. The purpose of this interpretive phenomenological analysis was to gain an understanding of the socially constructed realities of the lived experiences of organizational leaders and organizational development specialists who have completed Ennea International’s 5 Lens Development Platform (5LDP). Bandura’s social cognitive theory grounded …


Gender Employment Gap Within Professional Sports Team Front Offices, Reilly E. Fitzpatrick May 2025

Gender Employment Gap Within Professional Sports Team Front Offices, Reilly E. Fitzpatrick

Honors Theses

This research paper analyzes the causes of the gender employment gap, or the underrepresentation of women, within professional sports team front offices. The research question, What are the effects on female employees working in the sports industry with the prevalent difference in the number of women employed, analyzes the female experience in the industry. To answer this question, a group of female employees were surveyed on their experiences in the industry. An emphasis was placed on if a woman had at least one negative experience in the industry and also if that negative experience led them to have a decline …


Enhancing Strategies For Government Partnerships To Meet Organizational Goals And Objectives, Nuela Uche Umeh May 2025

Enhancing Strategies For Government Partnerships To Meet Organizational Goals And Objectives, Nuela Uche Umeh

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Organization X’s mission to strengthen legal rights and rehabilitate inmates involves effective collaboration with government entities. Organization X struggled to build strong partnerships with government agencies, limiting its ability to provide legal aid and rehabilitation services to marginalized inmates and victims of human rights violations. The purpose of this study was to use a SWOT analysis to explore the challenges and opportunities in government partnerships, aiming to identify barriers and recommend strategies to strengthen collaboration, build staff capacity, and enhance service delivery. Guided by four research questions, the study examined barriers and opportunities in government partnerships. Data were collected through …


Examining The Relationship Between Leadership Styles, Staff Performance, And Staff Retention In Medication-Assisted Treatment, Chauncey Manique Tims May 2025

Examining The Relationship Between Leadership Styles, Staff Performance, And Staff Retention In Medication-Assisted Treatment, Chauncey Manique Tims

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This case study examines the influence of leadership styles on employee retention and performance in medication-assisted treatment (MAT) facilities located in the southeastern United States, with a focus on facilities treating patients with severe opioid use disorder (F11.20). Using the Baldrige Excellence Framework, the study explores how different leadership approaches impact the work environment, employee satisfaction, and retention. Data were collected through semi structured interviews with six clinic directors, one regional clinical supervisor, and one regional director, as well as a review of organizational archival records and a literature review. The analysis revealed several key findings: (a) staff licensure requirements …


Reducing Medical Supplies Waste By Managing Healthcare Resources In A Clinical Setting In The United States: Lessons Learned From The Covid-19 Pandemic, Chiatuogu Anna Ukaga May 2025

Reducing Medical Supplies Waste By Managing Healthcare Resources In A Clinical Setting In The United States: Lessons Learned From The Covid-19 Pandemic, Chiatuogu Anna Ukaga

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The gap in practice identified for my DNP capstone project is reducing medical supplies waste by managing healthcare resources in a clinic setting in the United States of America. The Organizational Change Process (OCP) Evaluation project assessed a tracking and exchange system to track the inventory of supplies used in different worksite clinics and their expiration dates. Knowledge of the expiration dates enabled exchange or shift to high-utilization areas before the supplies expired, thereby reducing waste, costs, and environmental pollution. The healthcare organization was a mix of ambulatory clinics and hospitals of varying scopes and sizes. The small clinics served …


Examining Hospital Mergers And Acquisitions From A Supply Chain Perspective: Applications For Public Hospitals In Louisiana, Jamar O'Neal Powell May 2025

Examining Hospital Mergers And Acquisitions From A Supply Chain Perspective: Applications For Public Hospitals In Louisiana, Jamar O'Neal Powell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Public hospitals undergoing mergers and acquisitions (M&As) often encounter complex supply chain challenges that disrupt operations, decrease efficiency, and jeopardize financial sustainability. Ineffective post-merger integration may result in increased costs, lower employee performance, and diminished patient satisfaction. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine whether key post-merger supply chain strategies: supply chain integration, vendor consolidation, inventory rationalization, and healthcare landscape evolution (independent variables) were significantly associated with hospital performance outcomes: supply chain efficiency, employee performance, employee satisfaction, patient care experiences, and financial efficiency (dependent variables). Grounded in organizational change theory, this study utilized a secondary data analysis design …


Making Training Stick: Transferring Learning Back To The Job, Amanda Woods Herron, Phoebe Hessen, Katelyn J. Cavanaugh, Wykesha C. Hayes, Victor Hassid, Courtney L. Holladay May 2025

Making Training Stick: Transferring Learning Back To The Job, Amanda Woods Herron, Phoebe Hessen, Katelyn J. Cavanaugh, Wykesha C. Hayes, Victor Hassid, Courtney L. Holladay

Advances in Cancer Education and Quality Improvement

Communication remains a central priority in healthcare, making it a key component of many training efforts. The positive impacts of communication training in healthcare settings have been well-established; however, the linkage of communication training to key organizational outcomes (e.g., engagement, performance, retention) remains underexplored. The present study investigated a training program targeting interpersonal communication within a large academic oncology center. We drew from Cognitive Load Theory and Social Cognitive Theory to evaluate the impact of the training on participant learning (retention and utilization), transfer (communication, decision-making, performance), and results-level outcomes (engagement and turnover). The program centered around a personality framework …


Of Corruption And Anti-Corruption Strategies In Nigeria: The More You Look The Less You See, Sylvester Olubani Fajonyomi May 2025

Of Corruption And Anti-Corruption Strategies In Nigeria: The More You Look The Less You See, Sylvester Olubani Fajonyomi

Journal of African Policy Studies

This statement from the president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria reflects the outcome of the regime's efforts at fighting corruption in its first four years (1999-2003) in office: "Some members of the Nigerian public have expressed their opinion to the effect (that) our anti-corruption crusade in the last four years has been deficient in credibility because it appeared to lack the support of the Federal Executive Council who only rarely expressed their support in public. The situation has to change with the new cabinet. Each and every one of you must do more than give a nodding support for …


Implementation Of A Standardized Pain Assessment Tool To Drive Opioid Management In End-Of-Life Patients In A Medical Intensive Care Unit, Sonia Carrizales May 2025

Implementation Of A Standardized Pain Assessment Tool To Drive Opioid Management In End-Of-Life Patients In A Medical Intensive Care Unit, Sonia Carrizales

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Project Abstract

Purpose

This quality improvement project implemented a standardized pain assessment tool, the Multidimensional Observational Pain Assessment Tool (MOPAT), to drive opioid administration for end-of-life (EOL) patients. This project intended to increase opioid administration to EOL patients through increased confidence levels noted in bedside staff with the use of a standardized pain assessment tool.

Background

The project was implemented in a thirty-two-bed adult medical intensive care unit in Round Rock, Texas. The patients focused on in this project were those transitioned to EOL care.

Methodology

A pre-and post-survey was sent to bedside staff to gauge confidence levels. The MOPAT was then …


Efficiency Processes In Egyptian Enterprises: Current Status In A Transition Economy, Samir S. Youssef May 2025

Efficiency Processes In Egyptian Enterprises: Current Status In A Transition Economy, Samir S. Youssef

Journal of African Policy Studies

Taking the view that business organizations are essentially resource transformation agents aimed at satisfying societal needs for goods and services and, in effect, improving quality of life, this paper examines the impact of the transition stage forces on the efficiency processes in business organizations within the Egyptian economy, an economy that is still developing free market institutions.


Faculty Perceptions Of Challenges To Faculty Retention In Workforce Training Programs At A Higher Education Center In The Southern United States, Brea Terry May 2025

Faculty Perceptions Of Challenges To Faculty Retention In Workforce Training Programs At A Higher Education Center In The Southern United States, Brea Terry

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem addressed in this study is the challenges of retaining faculty in the workforce training program division at a higher education center in the southern United States. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore faculty perceptions regarding challenges to faculty retention in the workforce training program division at a higher education center in the southern United States and their recommendations for improved faculty retention. The conceptual framework that supported the study was Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with eight full-time workforce training faculty members who had been employed with the …


Increasing Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion Among C-Suite Executives In Non-Profit Rural Hospitals, Veaunka Gulley May 2025

Increasing Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion Among C-Suite Executives In Non-Profit Rural Hospitals, Veaunka Gulley

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Rural hospital health systems in the United States provide different services to rural communities, such as serving vulnerable populations, providing better access to healthcare, and contributing to the overall health of the community. Ninety percent of nonprofit CEOs are White, and 90% of nonprofit board members are White. This integrative review aimed to explore evidence of strategies to implement, promote, and increase DEI representation among C-suite executives in rural health systems. Twenty-five articles published between 2018 and 2024 were selected based on words used across the databases which included rural health*, hospital*, diversity*, and equity*. Literature containing the inclusion criteria …


Pressure Switch Tester, Michael Starasinich, Andrew Dobson, Jordan Huschen, Mitchell Smith, Melvin Brown Iii May 2025

Pressure Switch Tester, Michael Starasinich, Andrew Dobson, Jordan Huschen, Mitchell Smith, Melvin Brown Iii

Honors Capstones

Abstract—- The Pressure Switch Test Stand is a comprehensive and automated testing solution designed to streamline the actuation and validation of simultaneously. At the core of the system is a PLC-controlled architecture that enables precise control and simulation of pressure conditions, replicating real-world scenarios to ensure accurate and reliable switch performance.

This test stand integrates robust mechanical fixtures, a reliable pneumatic control system, custom-designed electrical circuits, and a modular software interface, working in unison to deliver consistent and high-fidelity testing outcomes. Each pressure switch undergoes a sequence of pressure ramps and holds, with the system continuously monitoring switch states, activation …


Improving Clinician Competence To Screen For Suicide Risk: An Organizational Change, Melissa Gattine, Kendall Dapprich May 2025

Improving Clinician Competence To Screen For Suicide Risk: An Organizational Change, Melissa Gattine, Kendall Dapprich

Costas T. Lambrew Research Retreat 2025

MHBH is on a journey to implement Zero Suicide across the organization. Zero Suicide is a quality improvement model that transforms system-wide 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Outpatient Staff Inpatient Staff September 2021 May 2024 Project Life Worth Living is supported by a grant from Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS), under Grant No. 1H79SM088556 % who strongly agree: “I have the knowledge and skills to screen for suicide risk” prevention and care with an aspirational goal of zero suicide deaths among the people we serve.


Leading Through Change: Building Resilient And Adaptive School Teams, Ashlee Boothe May 2025

Leading Through Change: Building Resilient And Adaptive School Teams, Ashlee Boothe

The Journal of Advancing Education Practice

This reflective essay examines the vital role of resilience, adaptability, and vision for school leaders experiencing change during unstable times. By fostering these qualities during stable periods, school leaders can effectively prepare for upcoming challenges, such as budget constraints, irate parents, and unexpected crises. Using the example of school closures during COVID-19, the reflection highlights how resilient leadership and a clear vision enable school leaders to make informed, strategic decisions. Fostering resilience, providing staff autonomy, and articulating a shared vision are key to ensuring schools can handle challenges and achieve meaningful change. This paper argues that now is the time …


Thriving Through Change: Strategies For Building Resilience And Adaptability In Organizations, Anitha Peddireddy May 2025

Thriving Through Change: Strategies For Building Resilience And Adaptability In Organizations, Anitha Peddireddy

The Journal of Advancing Education Practice

In the evolving landscape of education and organizational development, resilience and adaptability are increasingly recognized as critical competencies for fostering individual and institutional success. This reflective essay examines the intersection of these traits within the context of leadership, teaching, and learning environments. Using both scholarly research and professional experience, the article explores how educators and administrators can respond effectively to disruptions such as technological change, workplace stress, and diversity challenges. Key strategies include cultivating a growth mindset, enhancing emotional intelligence, promoting inclusive practices, and leveraging data-informed decision-making. The paper further emphasizes the role of educational leadership in creating psychologically safe, …


Managing Change In Higher Education: Implementing Mobile Credentials Across Usnh, Amy R. Gray May 2025

Managing Change In Higher Education: Implementing Mobile Credentials Across Usnh, Amy R. Gray

M.S. in Leadership

As higher education institutions continue to embrace digital transformation, mobile credentials are emerging as an innovative solution for modernizing campus ID systems. Literature suggests that these digital versions of campus ID cards, stored on smartphones, offer enhanced security, operational efficiency, and a more seamless campus experience. This research project explored best practices and key factors necessary for implementing mobile credentials across the University System of New Hampshire (USNH), with a focus on leadership’s role in managing change. Using a mixed-methods approach—including case study analysis, a literature review, and survey research—this study examined best practices, challenges, and strategies for successful adoption. …


Female Leaders In Intercollegiate Athletics: A Design-Based Mixed Method Study Focusing On Female Leadership Development Through Strengths-Based Training, Abby Weber May 2025

Female Leaders In Intercollegiate Athletics: A Design-Based Mixed Method Study Focusing On Female Leadership Development Through Strengths-Based Training, Abby Weber

Dissertations

Historically, women endured challenges obtaining leadership roles in male-dominated industries, specifically sports. Despite Title IX's intent to promote gender equality, the number of female leaders in sport leadership positions unintentionally decreased as the number of female athletes increased, reducing female mentor visibility (Acosta & Carpenter, 2014; LaVoi & Dutove, 2012; Taylor & Wells, 2017; Tibbetts, 2020; Walker & Bopp, 2010). The low number of female mentors available negatively impacted future sport career aspirations by female student-athletes (Levi et al., 2023; Swim et al., 2021). Recurring gender stereotypes continued to impede women's leadership opportunities, as society viewed leadership traits as inherently …


Position Utilization And Leadership Of Senior Woman Administrators In The Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference, Mattie J. Schimenz May 2025

Position Utilization And Leadership Of Senior Woman Administrators In The Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference, Mattie J. Schimenz

Leadership Education Capstones

This study investigates the utilization and impact of the Senior Woman Administrator (SWA) position within the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference (NSIC), focusing on job satisfaction and career confidence. Historically, women led collegiate women’s sports, but with the consolidation of men’s and women’s athletics under a single governance structure, female representation in leadership declined. While women make up 44% of NCAA athletes, only 27.2% of athletic directors are women (Statista, n.d.). The SWA role was created to ensure women have a voice in athletic department decision-making. This mixed-methods study explores whether the SWA role is fulfilling its original purpose of promoting …


The Digital Incorporated Worker Narrative: A Mixed Methods Study Of Digital Capital, Work Selection, And Outcomes In The Fourth Industrial Revolution, Tracie King May 2025

The Digital Incorporated Worker Narrative: A Mixed Methods Study Of Digital Capital, Work Selection, And Outcomes In The Fourth Industrial Revolution, Tracie King

Dissertations

Digital technology permeates society and industry, making digital-ready workers necessary for firms of all sizes as a firm seeks competitiveness in the market (Bergson-Shilcock et al., 2023; de Ruyter et al., 2018; Gorski et al., 2022; Karaboğa, 2023; Kim et al., 2017; Qureshi Zia, 2019). Firms seeking digital-ready workers face a complex digital divide that creates a worker shortage (Bergson-Shilcock et al., 2023; Karaboğa, 2023; Qureshi Zia, 2019). This study aims to describe workers' work selection, work experience, and outcomes in a complex digital society.

Most digital divide research focuses on the individuals excluded from owning, accessing, and having skills …


Public Comment: Using Critique-Like Mediating Artifacts To Democratize Discourse At City Council Meetings, Piper Schuerman May 2025

Public Comment: Using Critique-Like Mediating Artifacts To Democratize Discourse At City Council Meetings, Piper Schuerman

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Are local governments designed for equitable citizen participation? While civic engagement aims to empower citizens and support representative governance, barriers to participation can hinder those outcomes. City council meetings, key venues for public input, pose specific challenges such as long durations, dense content, and intimidating formalities. These issues disproportionately affect Generation Z (born between 1997 and 2012), who frequently report feeling underinformed or having limited time to engage. This thesis explores how city council meetings might use multimodal mediating artifacts, inspired by design critique practices, to make public discourse more accessible for Gen Z adults.

Grounded in activity theory and …


Generative Ai In Cs Education: Navigating The Intersection Of Student Usage And Faculty Vision, Matthew Scott Mcclenahan May 2025

Generative Ai In Cs Education: Navigating The Intersection Of Student Usage And Faculty Vision, Matthew Scott Mcclenahan

Graduate Theses - Engineering Management

Generative AI tools are rapidly transforming both educational and professional landscapes, creating an imperative for computing education to adapt. This mixed-methods study investigates how Computer Science and Software Engineering students utilize these tools and how faculty perceive their impact within a small private STEM institution. Through surveys of 40 CS/SE students and 29 faculty members, complemented by in-depth interviews with 10 faculty, this dual perspective enables direct comparison between student practices and faculty perceptions, helping to identify areas where educational policies and practices may need adjustment.

Analysis identified six distinct categories of GenAI usage: Learning Enhancement (29.2%), Productivity and Efficiency …


Front Line Innovation In Federal Agencies: U.S. Department Of State Passport Services Innovation Portal Engagement Program, Bill Langer May 2025

Front Line Innovation In Federal Agencies: U.S. Department Of State Passport Services Innovation Portal Engagement Program, Bill Langer

Creativity and Change Leadership Graduate Student Master's Projects

This project explores strategies for enhancing front-line innovation within federal agencies through employee engagement with the U.S. Department of State's Passport Services Innovation Portal. Rooted in the principles of creative leadership and intrinsic motivation, the project addresses persistent barriers to innovation in federal settings, such as bureaucratic inertia and a lack of feedback mechanisms for idea submissions. Utilizing the Creative Problem Solving (CPS) model and a modified 21st-century facilitation framework, the project team designed and implemented an engagement program that included informational briefings and targeted newsletters. Quantitative data from website analytics and idea submissions were analyzed using paired t-tests and …


Stress And Burnout Among Icu Nurses, Jaspreet Kaur May 2025

Stress And Burnout Among Icu Nurses, Jaspreet Kaur

2025 Spring Honors Capstone Projects - Archive

Burnout is a significant occupational hazard for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses. High patient acuity, staffing shortages, and long shift hours increase stress and diminish well-being among nurses, affecting patient care outcomes. This study examined the prevalence of stress and burnout among ICU nurses to identify contributing factors and potential interventions. An anonymous online survey was conducted among 110 ICU nurses, utilizing the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Perceived Stress Scale(PSS). Findings revealed that 42.5% of nurses reported high emotional exhaustion, while 37.5% felt they had little to no control at work. The most frequently cited workplace stressors were …


Resiliency Training For Music Therapy Students During Fieldwork Experiences, Crystal Weaver May 2025

Resiliency Training For Music Therapy Students During Fieldwork Experiences, Crystal Weaver

Dissertations

All music therapy undergraduate and equivalency students in the United States must complete 1,200 hours of fieldwork experience to obtain degree conferment from an accredited and approved higher education program (American Music Therapy Association, 2023b, p. 1). While engaging in fieldwork had several benefits for music therapy students, such as the opportunity to build practical experience and refine skills, the experience also involved several challenges (Forinash, 2019; Tien & Trang, 2020). A challenge not yet thoroughly examined by faculty and staff within higher education music therapy programs was student mental health. To date, researchers had not examined the prevalence of …


The Barriers Preventing Generational Diversity In The Workplace: A Design-Based Research Study On Generational Diversity In The Workplace, Bryan T. Benke May 2025

The Barriers Preventing Generational Diversity In The Workplace: A Design-Based Research Study On Generational Diversity In The Workplace, Bryan T. Benke

Dissertations

Generational diversity poses numerous challenges within organizations, primarily as workplaces can now encompass up to five generations (BasuMallick, 2020). The scholar-practitioner explored various facets of generational diversity, highlighting barriers that impact the work environment, employee behavior, communication, knowledge transfer, technology adoption, management decisions, employer obligations, and cultural disparities. Despite increasing recognition of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), entrenched biases persist, perpetuating stereotypes and marginalizing different generational cohorts (Fasbender & Gerpott, 2022; Gates, 2023; Renstrom, 2020; St. Aubin, 2019). Research revealed deficiencies in emotional intelligence (EI) among apprentices, particularly in self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management, alongside challenges in achieving …


A Mixed Methods Study On Teacher Knowledge And Its Influence On Reducing Math Anxiety In Students, Shannon E. Cruz May 2025

A Mixed Methods Study On Teacher Knowledge And Its Influence On Reducing Math Anxiety In Students, Shannon E. Cruz

Dissertations

Math anxiety has been a cause for concern in many people's lives before research commenced on its impact on math performance and learning. The dissertation in practice was focused on how a teacher’s lack of preparation and tools to support students with math anxiety could be changed in the field of education. Using a design thinking-based process, the student researcher identified a research question about how professional development about math anxiety helps teachers understand and support affected students while analyzing two null hypotheses regarding teacher understanding and ability to support students. Once the knowledge gap was identified, the student researcher …


The Impact Of Consensus Decision Making On Creating Conditions For Psychological Safety In Sbdm Councils., Rachel Ann Klein May 2025

The Impact Of Consensus Decision Making On Creating Conditions For Psychological Safety In Sbdm Councils., Rachel Ann Klein

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study reflects an examination of the forces and factors that impact effective decision-making on a Site-Based Decision Making council (SBDM) in Kentucky. It explores the relationship between consensus decision-making, the leader of a school, and the stakeholders who sit on an SBDM council as it relates to members’ feelings of inclusion, value, and belonging. A qualitative case study was designed to capture observational data gathered during SBDM meetings, as well as data gathered during member interviews. This data was analyzed through a relativist theoretical lens, which revealed that when open, trusting relationships are established among council members, decision-making flourishes. …


Catholic High School Principals’ Experiences With Parent-School Relationships And Perceptions Of Self-Efficacy., Alexander J. Glaser May 2025

Catholic High School Principals’ Experiences With Parent-School Relationships And Perceptions Of Self-Efficacy., Alexander J. Glaser

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Principals feel overworked in part due to their responsibilities and the demands of the modern educational institution. Furthermore, dynamics between schools and parents are changing in an increasingly polarized climate. Catholic schools face a unique challenge as school choice is more prevalent and client pools become more diverse. Understanding self-efficacy is elemental to building resiliency in principals leading schools in the current climate. Through this mixed-methods phenomenological study, I sought to understand Catholic secondary school principals’ levels of self-efficacy in daily tasks and determine how parent-school relationships explain these perceptions. I used descriptive data and interviews which led to several …


A First-Generation 4-H Youth Member Intervention Framework To Support Members To Enter, Engage, And Persist In The Program, Jeremy Elliott-Engel, Nicholas A. A Morris May 2025

A First-Generation 4-H Youth Member Intervention Framework To Support Members To Enter, Engage, And Persist In The Program, Jeremy Elliott-Engel, Nicholas A. A Morris

Journal of Youth Development

The First-Generation 4-H Youth Member (FG4-HYM) Intervention Framework is an organizational management perspective for preparing 4-H youth programs that supports the welcoming of youth and families that have no previous experience with the organization. Using the Bronfenbrenner ecological model, we explore the multiple layers of 4-H program management that support the participation of FG4-HYM in the 4-H club program. This framework provides a tool for 4-H professionals to use when assessing their program’s readiness to provide high-quality programming to all audiences, regardless of their families’ previous experience with the organization. This framework represents the foundational requirements that an organization must …