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The Abc Of Reproductive Intentions: A Mixed-Methods Study Exploring The Spectrum Of Attitudes Towards Family Building, B. Grace, J. Shawe, S. Johnson, N. O. Usman, J. Stephenson Jan 2022

The Abc Of Reproductive Intentions: A Mixed-Methods Study Exploring The Spectrum Of Attitudes Towards Family Building, B. Grace, J. Shawe, S. Johnson, N. O. Usman, J. Stephenson

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Abstract STUDY QUESTION What are the intentions of men and women of reproductive age in the UK regarding reproduction and family building? SUMMARY ANSWER We identified six main categories of people; Avoiders, Betweeners, Completers, Desirers, Expectants and Flexers, for whom reproduction education strategies should be tailored differently to suit intentions. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Several studies have highlighted poor fertility awareness across men and women of reproductive age. As the average age of first-time parents continues to rise, there has been a concerted effort from educators, healthcare professionals, charities, reproductive health groups and government policymakers, to improve fertility awareness. In …

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A Multi-Trophic Marker Approach Reveals High Feeding Plasticity In Barents Sea Under-Ice Fauna, Doreen Kohlbach, Lukas Smik, Simon T. Belt, Haakon Hop, Anette Wold, Martin Graeve, Philipp Assmy Jan 2022

A Multi-Trophic Marker Approach Reveals High Feeding Plasticity In Barents Sea Under-Ice Fauna, Doreen Kohlbach, Lukas Smik, Simon T. Belt, Haakon Hop, Anette Wold, Martin Graeve, Philipp Assmy

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Microalgae growing within and attached to the bottom of Arctic sea ice (sympagic algae) can serve as a nutritious food resource for animals inhabiting the sea-ice water interface (under-ice fauna), particularly during the bottom ice-algal bloom in spring. As a consequence, under-ice fauna is likely impacted by sea-ice decline and changes in ice-algal primary production. To investigate this, samples of pelagic (=PPOM) and ice-associated particulate organic matter (=IPOM) and the iceassociated amphipods Apherusa glacialis and Eusirus holmii, and polar cod (Boreogadus saida), collected below ridged sea ice at two locations with pronounced differences in productivity in the northern Barents Sea …

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Synchronized Seed Germination And Seedling Growth Of Black Cumin, Mohammed Elsayed El-Mahrouk, Mossad Khairy Maamoun, Yaser Hassan Dewir, Antar Nasr El-Banna, Hail Z. Rihan, Ahmed Salamh, Ahmed A. Al-Aizari, Michael P. Fuller Jan 2022

Synchronized Seed Germination And Seedling Growth Of Black Cumin, Mohammed Elsayed El-Mahrouk, Mossad Khairy Maamoun, Yaser Hassan Dewir, Antar Nasr El-Banna, Hail Z. Rihan, Ahmed Salamh, Ahmed A. Al-Aizari, Michael P. Fuller

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Black cumin (Nigella sativa) is an important medicinal plant in the pharmacological industry. It is cultivated on a commercial scale, but its seeds have a slow, unsynchronized germination rate. Enhancing seed germination is crucial for improving the production of black cumin. The influence of presowing treatments [gibberellic acid (GA3), potassium nitrate, salicylic acid, and stratification at 4 °C] on seed germination was assessed. Seed germination was determined daily for 30 days, and germination parameters, including final germination percentage (FGP), corrected germination rate, number of days to reach 50% of FGP, and seedling length vigor index, were evaluated. Endogenous contents of …

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Microbial Selenate Detoxification Linked To Elemental Sulfur Oxidation: Independent And Synergic Pathways, L Li, Baogang Zhang, L Li, Alistair G.L. Borthwick Jan 2022

Microbial Selenate Detoxification Linked To Elemental Sulfur Oxidation: Independent And Synergic Pathways, L Li, Baogang Zhang, L Li, Alistair G.L. Borthwick

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

No abstract provided.

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Posc289 Cost-Effectiveness Of Vagus Nerve Stimulation With Anti-Seizure Medication Versus Anti-Seizure Medication Alone In The Management Of Drug Resistant Epilepsy In England, C Raspin, Rohit Shankar, Francesca Barion, V Pollit, Joanna Murphy, L Sawyer, Vanessa Danielson Jan 2022

Posc289 Cost-Effectiveness Of Vagus Nerve Stimulation With Anti-Seizure Medication Versus Anti-Seizure Medication Alone In The Management Of Drug Resistant Epilepsy In England, C Raspin, Rohit Shankar, Francesca Barion, V Pollit, Joanna Murphy, L Sawyer, Vanessa Danielson

Peninsula Medical School

ObjectivesTo estimate the cost-effectiveness of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) as an adjunctive therapy to anti-seizure medication (ASMs) when compared with a strategy of ASMs alone for the management of drug resistant epilepsy (DRE).MethodsA five health state cohort transition model was developed, with a 10-year time horizon, a 3-month cycle length and an English National Health Service perspective. Health states were defined by a percentage reduction in seizure frequency and aligned with randomised trial data informing the first cycle transition probabilities. Thereafter, non-VNS patients remained in state, while a systematic literature review informed further VNS patient transitions up to year 2, …

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Risk Factors Of Malnutrition In Children Under 5 In Nigeria, Itanwan James Jan 2022

Risk Factors Of Malnutrition In Children Under 5 In Nigeria, Itanwan James

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Malnutrition in children under 5 years remains an important public health challenge as it spurs child mortality and morbidity in developing countries, including Nigeria. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to explore the risk factors of malnutrition in children under 5 years of age in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Socioecological and health belief models were applied to examine risk factors of malnutrition among these children. This study used a secondary dataset of 1,235 participants obtained from Akwa Ibom State Demographic and Health Survey database. Pearson’s chi-square test and binary logistic regression were adopted for the analyses. The results …

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Gender And Risk Behaviors Association With Hepatitis-B Infections Among Liberia Military Personnel, Joseph B N Kowo Jr Jan 2022

Gender And Risk Behaviors Association With Hepatitis-B Infections Among Liberia Military Personnel, Joseph B N Kowo Jr

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The increasing number of hepatitis B-related deaths in the Armed Forces of Liberia was due to the lack of understanding of the associated risks with the disease. Gender, substance use, and condom use have been researched as related risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection (HBV). The goal of this study was to determine if gender (male or female) and risk factors (substance use, alcohol abuse, and condom use) predicted hepatitis B infections after adjusting for age, marital status, education, and military rank among Liberia military population. The theory that grounded this study was Bronfenbrenner’s socio-ecological model (SEM) which posits …

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Risk Factors Of Infant Mortality Among Sub-Saharan Immigrants In The United States, Roland Lankah Jan 2022

Risk Factors Of Infant Mortality Among Sub-Saharan Immigrants In The United States, Roland Lankah

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

While prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG), and birthplace have been suggested to play a key role in predicting infant mortality outcomes, they have not been thoroughly investigated across all races/ethnicities. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between prepregnancy BMI, GWG, birthplace as independent variables, and infant mortality as the outcome variable within the United States Sub-Saharan African Immigrants (SSAI). A quantitative cross-sectional study design grounded in the biopsychosocial model was used. Data were extracted from the 2017-2018 natality-linked birth/infant death file from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wonder Database. It …

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Healthcare Literacy Strategies To Mitigate Healthcare Utilization And Rising Costs, Stella Obiageli Maduka Jan 2022

Healthcare Literacy Strategies To Mitigate Healthcare Utilization And Rising Costs, Stella Obiageli Maduka

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Low health literacy can adversely affect individuals and groups without access to health information. Health insurance leaders who lack strategies to decrease low health literacy may lose their ability to provide quality health services and control care costs. Grounded in the health belief model and the Andersen health service model, the purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to identify the strategies private health insurance leaders use to increase medical utilization to reduce healthcare costs. The three participants were from two private insurance companies in Las Vegas, Nevada. Data were gathered through semistructured, open-ended interviews via videoconferencing, a review …

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The Experience Of Affection Expressed Between Black Male Friends, David Manning Jan 2022

The Experience Of Affection Expressed Between Black Male Friends, David Manning

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractAffectionate communication supports the maintenance and sustenance of long-term relationships for the purposes of survival and procreation. Friendship has been identified as one of the most significant relationships throughout an individual’s lifespan, supporting improved mental and physical health. This qualitative study explored the expressions of affection experienced within Black male friend dyads. Two research questions were posed, what is the experience of Black men receiving and giving affection to other Black men within the context of friendships? Also, are the affectionate needs of Black men being met within their Black male friendships? Affectionate exchange theory and social learning theory were …

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The Lived Experience Of Individuals Thinking About Food And Coping With Stress, Tobi Martin Jan 2022

The Lived Experience Of Individuals Thinking About Food And Coping With Stress, Tobi Martin

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Stress results in many people altering their eating patterns, often consuming food high in sugar and fat. Such behavior is a factor in the growing obesity epidemic and can potentially cause the development of chronic diseases, resulting in employment problems and billions of extra dollars spent on national health care programs. Researchers have focused on the concept of “emotional eating” while overlooking the overarching research question of this study, which was about exploring the experience of individuals using eating behavior as a coping mechanism to deal with stress. All responses were viewed through the lens of social cognitive theory. Interviews …

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Improving Nurses' Knowledge Of Patient Self-Management Of Sickle Cell Disease, Angel Amaura Mccullough Jan 2022

Improving Nurses' Knowledge Of Patient Self-Management Of Sickle Cell Disease, Angel Amaura Mccullough

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic illness affecting over 100,000 Americans annually. SCD causes severe pain, which may require frequent hospital admissions for pain control. A high level of patient self-care knowledge is needed to prevent readmissions. Patients usually receive self-care education at hospital discharge from nurses, who may not know about self-care in SCD. Inadequate patient education on self-management of SCD at hospital discharge can lead to hospital readmissions. There was a gap in knowledge among RNs regarding SCD self-care at the local facility. This doctoral project was intended to educate nurses about SCD self-management to increase their …

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School Lunch Timing And Student Body Mass Index, Megan Monteith Jan 2022

School Lunch Timing And Student Body Mass Index, Megan Monteith

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Obesity continues to be a leading public health issue in the United States. Many chronic diseases are associated with obesity, including hypertension, diabetes, and several forms of cancer. There are multiple known contributing factors to obesity; however, historically, there has been little research focusing on time of day eating as a possible risk factor for obesity, especially childhood obesity. Childhood obesity is a significant risk factor for adult obesity. Obese children and adolescents are five times more likely to be obese in adulthood. The theoretical foundation for this study was the social ecological model. In this secondary correlational analysis using …

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Health Awareness Of Hypertension In The African American Community, Rosemond Nunge Nguiffo Jan 2022

Health Awareness Of Hypertension In The African American Community, Rosemond Nunge Nguiffo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The practice problem this doctoral project addressed is the lack of clinical staff knowledge on self-care management of hypertension (HTN). Addressing this health crisis with current evidence-based patient education guidance that clinical staff can use to teach patient has the potential to increase nursing knowledge and confidence in providing patient education on self-care management of HTN. The purpose of this project was to explore the known nursing practice gap and answer the practiced-focused question to determine if an evidence-based, standardized health literacy teaching guide for nurses would improve nursing knowledge and confidence in applying health literacy and teach-back methodology in …

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Diabetes Distress Among Adults Living In Texas, Jenny Chinedu Ogadi Jan 2022

Diabetes Distress Among Adults Living In Texas, Jenny Chinedu Ogadi

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

About 34.2 million Americans (approximately 10.5% of the total U.S. population) live with diabetes. African Americans are twice as likely to be diagnosed with diabetes and more likely to be less compliant with treatment medication regimens and suffer from related complications, compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Such disparities brought attention to the need to investigate and understand better the diabetes distress of diverse groups of diabetics. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationships between demographic factors (race, age, gender, and educational level), diabetes education, diabetes management, and diabetes distress of adult diabetics in Texas. The theory of …

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Variables On The Proportion Of Children With Sickle Cell Hemoglobin, Oyekola Oluyimika Oloyede Jan 2022

Variables On The Proportion Of Children With Sickle Cell Hemoglobin, Oyekola Oluyimika Oloyede

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractThe case fatality rate among children living with sickle cell disease was approximately 50% to 90% in Sub-Saharan Africa. Though researchers have contributed social determinants of health more broadly, they have not provided adequate screening information on children living with sickle cell disease aged 6 months to 59 months. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between sickle cell disease status, infection prevention, pain and anemia management, demography, socioeconomic status, and healthcare use. This study included approximately 11,536 genotype results of children under 5-years-old in Nigeria. Bronfenbrenner’s systems theory and Krieger’s ecological theory formed the theoretical …

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Improving Advance Care Planning Among Native Americans, Jasjit Kaur Pataria Jan 2022

Improving Advance Care Planning Among Native Americans, Jasjit Kaur Pataria

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

A staff education project was created in a tribal health system of primary care clinics to improve advance care planning (ACP) conversations between care providers and Native American tribal patients. ACP conversations and advance directive documentation occurrences were found to be low or negligible in the project site despite primary care clinics being an ideal place to start these conversations. The purpose of the staff education project was to improve the knowledge and attitudes of providers toward initiating ACP conversations in a rural underserved community of Native Americans. The knowledge-to-action model was used to frame the project. Pretests and posttests …

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Health Responsibility In Community College Students, Christine Phillips Jan 2022

Health Responsibility In Community College Students, Christine Phillips

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Community college students are less healthy than 4-year college students, and they tend to have a higher allostatic load than their 4-year counterparts. Although research demonstrated that community college students are at greater risk for physical and mental illness, a better understanding of how community college students perceive their health responsibility was needed. A basic qualitative approach was employed to study how community college students experience health responsibility. Self-determination theory and the health belief model were used to guide the development of a semistructured interview and analysis plan. Thirteen adult credit-seeking students were interviewed. Data were analyzed using a top-down …

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Stories Of Adults Experiencing Overweight Or Obesity With Histories Of Childhood Adversities, Megan Propps Jan 2022

Stories Of Adults Experiencing Overweight Or Obesity With Histories Of Childhood Adversities, Megan Propps

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

More than half the population in and outside of the United States experience childhood adversity, which is associated with the risk of developing obesity and overweight problems across the life span. In the United States, overweight affects 73.6% of adults, obesity affects 42.5% of adults, and both are considered a major public health concern. With this qualitative study, 18 adults with early life adversities were explored as to how experience weight loss treatment within their primary care. This narrative inquiry was designed to answer the research questions intended to explore physical health, mental health, and socio-environmental aspects of their stories, …

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Association Of The Use Of Combination Therapy Self-Management Of Prediabetes And Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus In Adults, Celestina Reed Jan 2022

Association Of The Use Of Combination Therapy Self-Management Of Prediabetes And Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus In Adults, Celestina Reed

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Diabetes is a long-lasting chronic health condition that encompasses three types: Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetes. The disease affects how the body breaks down food into energy. It is an insulin-deficient disease and causes heart disease, vision loss, and kidney disease. Investigators of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Diabetes Association evaluated patient treatment preferences to determine the upsurge in patient health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and optimum health. The literature revealed that patients' preferences consisted of therapies and achievable goal setting using the health belief model (HBM) framework. This quantitative research aimed to …

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Employment Barriers For Tanf Recipients In Kentucky, Omar Khalid Said Jan 2022

Employment Barriers For Tanf Recipients In Kentucky, Omar Khalid Said

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Though Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) beneficiaries receive appropriate training and education within a 5-year time limit, many encounter challenges finding and maintaining employment. In this qualitative case study, constraints hindering the employability of TANF benefits recipients were explored to understand how some TANF program benefit recipients find and keep a job after completing 5-year term limits. The central research question examined the types of constraints that recipients of TANF benefits in the state of Kentucky experienced in finding and maintaining employment after completing a five-year term limit, and how some TANF recipients overcome such constraints. The conceptual framework …

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Sociodemographic And Behavioral Predictors Of Obesity Among Female Asian Indian Immigrants In The United States, Afiya Saleem Jan 2022

Sociodemographic And Behavioral Predictors Of Obesity Among Female Asian Indian Immigrants In The United States, Afiya Saleem

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Individuals from low-income countries such as those in the Asian region migrate to high-income countries and adopt obesogenic behaviors like sedentary lifestyles and high fat and sugar intake. This results in increased susceptibility to obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. Previous research has demonstrated that migrants from South Asian countries are at an increased risk of developing obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension; however, little is known about the factors that contribute to this phenomenon. This was a quantitative, cross-sectional study guided by the social-ecological model. This study used secondary data from the National Health Interview survey to investigate …

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Experiences In Informal Mentoring Among African American Women In Management, Alexandria Simone Samuels-Ross Jan 2022

Experiences In Informal Mentoring Among African American Women In Management, Alexandria Simone Samuels-Ross

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

There is a lack of African American women representing senior management and executive positions within nonprofit organizations due to organizational culture, gender stereotypes, and failure to capitalize on the talents of women in general. The purpose of this generic qualitative study was to explore the informal mentoring experiences of African American women employed as managers for over two years in nonprofit organizations. Research has suggested the need for further study of on-the-job mentoring and its impact on employees’ job satisfaction and opportunities to advance within an organization. The theoretical framework that guided the study was social exchange theory, which is …

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Primary Care Physicians’ Participation, Knowledge, And Views Of Nutrition Counseling For Weight Management, Carl Schlesser Jan 2022

Primary Care Physicians’ Participation, Knowledge, And Views Of Nutrition Counseling For Weight Management, Carl Schlesser

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractAn estimated 70% of the United States population is considered overweight or obese, which has led to an epidemic. Primary care physicians (PCPs) are considered the first line of defense to help fight obesity through weight management by providing nutrition care to patients. With little known about how PCPs engage with their patients on nutrition care combined with changing guidelines on treating obese patients, there is a gap in research on how PCPs help patients with weight management and what tools PCPs use to accomplish this. Guided by the health promotion model, the purpose of this qualitative study was to …

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Impact Of Poverty On Antibiotic Prescribing Rates In The United States Through Mediation Effects Of Underlying Health Conditions, Nato Tarkhashvili Jan 2022

Impact Of Poverty On Antibiotic Prescribing Rates In The United States Through Mediation Effects Of Underlying Health Conditions, Nato Tarkhashvili

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Resistance to antibiotics among bacteria develops largely due to frequent use of antibiotics in human and animal medicine. Little is known about how patients’ socioeconomic factors, in conjunction with chronic health conditions, impact antibiotic prescribing rates in the United States. The research questions aimed to explore the relationship between poverty and antibiotic prescribing rates while also adjusting for confounders such as population aged ≥ 65, physician density, prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The relationships were evaluated using a quantitative, ecological study design using the ecosocial theory and mediation analysis of 2020 survey results provided by …

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Vitamin K Deficiency And Ischemic Stroke In Atrial Fibrillation Patients On Warfarin, Kimberly Therese Thompson Jan 2022

Vitamin K Deficiency And Ischemic Stroke In Atrial Fibrillation Patients On Warfarin, Kimberly Therese Thompson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Individuals with poor nutritional vitamin K status can suffer from atrial fibrillation (AF) due to misinterpretation of warfarin instructions by healthcare providers. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine if there was an association between inadequate dietary vitamin K intake in AF patients and stroke outcomes to address the lack of research surrounding stroke outcomes in patients with true vitamin K deficiency. Grounded in the health belief model, this study assessed if individual beliefs from health education influenced the nutritional quality of their diet and health outcomes. The study is a secondary data analysis of the Framingham Heart …

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Physical Activity Assessment And Staff Education For Oncology Nurses, Laurie Jean Tyer Jan 2022

Physical Activity Assessment And Staff Education For Oncology Nurses, Laurie Jean Tyer

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Physical activity and mobility are key indicators of treatment and disease tolerance in cancer patients. Patients are living longer during and after cancer treatment, and staying active prevents many side effects of the disease and the treatment. Staying mobile also prevents some conditions from occurring including bone and muscle loss. A nursing educational platform was identified as a need in the facility site’s cancer center on the importance of patients staying physically active throughout cancer treatment. Nurses did not feel confident to coach patients on their activity levels which was an identified gap in their nursing practice. A nursing educational …

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Barriers To The Implementation Of Effective Sustainable Development Plans In Sierra Leone: Stakeholders’ Perspectives, Mohamed Nabie Turay Jan 2022

Barriers To The Implementation Of Effective Sustainable Development Plans In Sierra Leone: Stakeholders’ Perspectives, Mohamed Nabie Turay

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Abstract:Stakeholders’ competing positions with elected officials created barriers to the effective implementation of sustainable environmental policies. This study aimed to explore the barriers to implementing the National Environmental Policies (NEP), passed by the parliament of Sierra Leone in the 1990s. Sabastier and Jenkin-Smith’s advocacy coalition framework model provided the theoretical foundation for this study. The key research question explored is stakeholders’ perceptions of the barriers to effectively building coalitions to implement sustainable development policies like the NEP in Sierra Leone. A case study research approach was used to understand the barriers to implementing the NEP in Sierra Leone. Data were …

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Staff Education On Reducing Burnout In Mental Health Professionals Through Restorative Yoga Practice, Rina Buenaventura Vickery Jan 2022

Staff Education On Reducing Burnout In Mental Health Professionals Through Restorative Yoga Practice, Rina Buenaventura Vickery

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Mental health professionals (MHPs) are at considerable risk for stress and burnout because of the nature of their work. Management and prevention of stress and burnout (e.g., through restorative yoga) may enable MHPs to avoid feelings of anxiety, depression, and apathy; lack of energy; and the development of unhealthy coping skills, such as substance and drug use. The purpose of this project was to create a staff education to assist MHPs in managing stress and burnout through yoga practice and mindfulness. The theoretical framework for the staff education was Kapp’s adult learning theory. An evidence-based PowerPoint presentation containing the staff …

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Staff Education To Improve Workplace Wellness Program Resource Use, Joann Coley Ward Jan 2022

Staff Education To Improve Workplace Wellness Program Resource Use, Joann Coley Ward

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Workplace wellness programs, as a determinant of health, have the potential to improve the health of people, but are often underutilized due to a lack of knowledge of the programs. This project was conducted to examine whether a panel of experts would validate a staff education module designed to improve knowledge deficits amongst Army civilian employees and their supervisors about the Army’s civilian fitness program (CFP). The purpose of this project was to create a staff education module with a pretest and a posttest that could be validated by a panel of experts. The education module addressed the public health …

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