Digital Commons Network^™

Relationships Between Intrauterine Fetal Growth Trajectories And Markers Of Adiposity And Inflammation In Young Adults, Ashish Yadav, Lawrence J. Beilin, Rae Chi Huang, Phil Vlaskovsky, John P. Newnham, Scott W. White, Trevor A. Mori

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: There is now good evidence that events during gestation significantly influence the developmental well-being of an individual in later life. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between intrauterine growth trajectories determined by serial ultrasound and subsequent markers of adiposity and inflammation in the 27-year-old adult offspring from the Raine Study, an Australian longitudinal pregnancy cohort. Methods: Ultrasound fetal biometric measurements including abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), and head circumference (HC) from 1333 mother-fetal pairs (Gen1–Gen2) in the Raine Study were used to develop fetal growth trajectories using group-based trajectory modeling. Linear mixed modeling investigated the relationship between …

Tropicalization Of Seagrass Macrophytodetritus Accumulations And Associated Food Webs, Gilles Lepoint, Glenn A. Hyndes

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Seagrass, systems export significant amounts of their primary production as large detritus (i.e. macrophytodetritus). Accumulations of exported macrophytodetritus (AEM) are found in many areas in coastal environment. Dead seagrass leaves are often a dominant component of these accumulations, offering shelter and/or food to numerous organisms. AEM are particular habitats, different from donor habitats (i.e. seagrass meadow, kelp or macroalgae habitats) and with their own characteristics and dynamics. They have received less attention than donor habitats despite the fact they often connect different coastal habitats, are the place of intense remineralization processes and shelter associated detritus food web. As for seagrass …

Voluntary Activation Of Muscle In Humans: Does Serotonergic Neuromodulation Matter?, Justin J. Kavanagh, Janet L. Taylor

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Ionotropic inputs to motoneurones have the capacity to depolarise and hyperpolarise the motoneurone, whereas neuromodulatory inputs control the state of excitability of the motoneurone. Intracellular recordings of motoneurones from in vitro and in situ animal preparations have provided extraordinary insight into the mechanisms that underpin how neuromodulators regulate neuronal excitability. However, far fewer studies have attempted to translate the findings from cellular and molecular studies into a human model. In this review, we focus on the role that serotonin (5-HT) plays in muscle activation in humans. 5-HT is a potent regulator of neuronal firing rates, which can influence the force …

Sdrc Annual Report 2021-2022, Connie Jan Maraan

SDRC Publications

Despite the pandemic, our Center was still able to continue its operations. A manifestation of its agility and ingenuity, SDRC has managed a great number of projects and activities outnumbering the pre-pandemicyears. The Center has conducted capacity- building seminars, both paid and pro-bono,with our partners.

A Scoping Review Of Non-Pharmacological Health Education Provided To Families Of Children With Idiopathic Childhood Constipation Within Primary Health Care, Davina Houghton, Diana Arabiat, Deborah Ireson, Evalotte Mörelius

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objectives: Idiopathic childhood constipation is a prevalent condition that initially brings the child under the care of the primary health care team. Although it is acknowledged that health education is crucial to reducing chronicity, the range of evidenced-based non-pharmacological health education provided to families has not previously been reviewed. For this scoping review, 4 research questions sought to identify papers that provide information on the utilization of guidelines, the range of health education, who provides it, and whether any gaps exist. Methods: Following a registered protocol and using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping …

Residual Renal Function – How Fast Does The Residual Urine Output Function Decline In The First Year Of Haemodialysis? – A Scoping Review, Ulrich Steinwandel, Homa Kheirkhah, Hugh Davies

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Haemodialysis is the most common treatment method in Australia for individuals requiring renal replacement therapy. Although it is known that the residual renal function in these patients has many advantages for their overall health outcomes and that the residual urine volume production is also declining over time, it is unknown how fast this functional decline occurs when patients are embarking on their first year on haemodialysis. Aim: This scoping review sought to determine if the functional decline in renal residual function in the first year of haemodialysis has been previously investigated, documented or quantified. Method: The scoping review was …

Changes In Body Composition In Patients With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma And The Relationship With Activity Levels And Dietary Intake, Emily Jeffery, Y. C. Gary Lee, Robert U. Newton, Philippa Lyons-Wall, Joanne Mcveigh, Deirdre B. Fitzgerald, Leon Straker, Carolyn J. Peddle-Mcintyre

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background:

Skeletal muscle loss is common in advanced cancer and is associated with negative outcomes. In malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), no study has reported body composition changes or factors associated with these changes. This study aimed to describe changes in body composition over time and its relationship with activity levels, dietary intake and survival.

Methods:

The study was a secondary analysis of data collected from a longitudinal observational study of patients with MPM. Participants completed 3-month assessments for up to 18 months. Participants with two dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were included. Changes in appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and …

The Impact Of Skeletal Muscle Disuse On Distinct Echo Intensity Bands: A Retrospective Analysis, Zachary S. Logeson, Rob J. Maclennan, Gerard Kyle B. Abad, Johnathon M. Methven, Molly R. Gradl, Matheus D. Pinto, Ronei S. Pinto, Matt S. Stock

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Echo intensity (EI) is a novel tool for assessing muscle quality. EI has traditionally been reported as the mean of the pixel histogram, with 0 and 255 arbitrary units (A.U.) representing excellent and poor muscle quality, respectively. Recent work conducted in youth and younger and older adults suggested that analyzing specific EI bands, rather than the mean, may provide unique insights into the effectiveness of exercise and rehabilitation interventions. As our previous work showed deterioration of muscle quality after knee joint immobilization, we sought to investigate whether the increase in EI following disuse was limited to specific EI bands. Thirteen …

Calcaneal Quantitative Ultrasound Is Associated With All-Cause And Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Independent Of Hip Bone Mineral Density, Abadi K. Gebre, R.L. Prince, J.T. Schousboe, D.P. Kiel, P.L. Thompson, K. Zhu, W.H. Lim, Marc Sim, Joshua R. Lewis

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Summary: Osteoporosis has been linked with increased risk of cardiovascular disease previously. However, few studies have detailed bone and vascular information. In a prospective study of older women, we demonstrated heel quantitative ultrasound measures were associated with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, independent of established cardiovascular risk factors. Introduction: Osteoporosis and low bone mineral density (BMD) have been previously linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is used to evaluate bone material properties, especially in older women. However, it is uncertain whether it is related to risk of mortality. This study was aimed to investigate the …

Musculoskeletal Injury Epidemiology In Law Enforcement And Firefighter Recruits During Physical Training: A Systematic Review, Myles Calder Murphy, Holly-Ann George, Muhammad Naqi, Patrick J. Owen, Paola Chivers, Nicolas H. Hart

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objectives: Report the injury epidemiology of law enforcement and firefighter recruits. Design: A systematic epidemiological review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines was completed. Data sources: Five online databases were searched from database inception to 5 May 2021. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: Prospective and retrospective studies that reported data on musculoskeletal injuries sustained by law enforcement or firefighter recruits were included. We reported on all components of injury where data were available. All injury incidence rates were calculated as per 1000 training days (Poisson 95% CI) to allow comparisons between studies. Study quality …

Summary Of Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Health Status - Selected Topics 2021, Australian Indigenous Healthinfonet

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

...The HealthInfoNet has prepared this Summary as part of our contribution to support those who work in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health sector. Key health topics are summarised in plain language and an infographic style to enable readers to absorb data easily and quickly...

Associations Of Specific Types Of Fruit And Vegetables With Perceived Stress In Adults: The Ausdiab Study, Simone Radavelli-Bagatini, Marc Sim, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Nicola P. Bondonno, Catherine P. Bondonno, Richard Woodman, Joanne M. Dickson, Dianna J. Magliano, Jonathan E. Shaw, Robin M. Daly, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Joshua R. Lewis

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose:

Higher total fruit and vegetable (FV) intakes have been associated with lower perceived stress. The relationship between specific types of FV and perceived stress remains uncertain. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to explore the relationship between consumption of specific types of FV with perceived stress in a population-based cohort of men and women aged ≥ 25 years from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) Study.

Methods:

Dietary intake was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (n = 8,640). Perceived stress was evaluated using a validated Perceived Stress Questionnaire, with values ranging 0–1 (lowest to highest). …

Sulfur Compounds: From Plants To Humans And Their Role In Chronic Disease Prevention, Caroline R. Hill, Armaghan Shafaei, Lois Balmer, Joshua R. Lewis, Jonathan M. Hodgson, A. Harvey Millar, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Sulfur is essential for the health of plants and is an indispensable dietary component for human health and disease prevention. Its incorporation into our food supply is heavily reliant upon the uptake of sulfur into plant tissue and our subsequent intake. Dietary requirements for sulfur are largely calculated based upon requirements for the sulfur-containing amino acids (SAA), cysteine and methionine, to meet the demands for synthesis of proteins, enzymes, co-enzymes, vitamins, and hormones. SAA are found in abundance in animal sources and are relatively low in plants. However, some plants, particularly cruciferous and allium vegetables, produce many protective sulfur-containing secondary …

Nationwide Industry-Led Community Exercise Program For Men With Locally Advanced, Relapsed, Or Metastatic Prostate Cancer On Androgen-Deprivation Therapy, Oliver Schumacher, Daniel A. Galvao, Dennis R. Taaffe, Nigel Spry, Dickon Hayne, Colin Tang, Raphael Chee, Robert U. Newton

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose:

Androgen-deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with considerable side effects and secondary comorbidities such as overweight/obesity and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an industry-led, treatment-integrated, community-based exercise program on outcomes of body weight, cardiovascular health, and physical function.

Patients and Methods:

PCa patients with locally advanced, relapsed, or metastatic disease receiving leuprorelin acetate were enrolled across multiple sites in Australia and assigned supervised group exercise undertaken weekly or biweekly (ie, 16 exercise sessions in total) for 10-18 weeks, consisting of aerobic and resistance training performed at moderate-to-vigorous …

Sport-Specific Crossover Point Differences During A Maximal Oxygen Consumption Test, Joseph R. Stanzione, George A. Brooks, Michael L. Bruneau, Duncan N. French, Jennifer A. Nasser, Sinclair A. Smith, Stella L. Volpe

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction/Purpose: The crossover point occurs during exercise when one transitions energy substrates from fat to carbohydrate predominance. The crossover point varies in an intensity-dependent manner; however, less is known about its specificity in sports with varying metabolic demands. The purpose of our study was to determine if various sports yield differences in the time to crossover and heart rate and percentage of maximal oxygen consumption (V O2max) at crossover during a standardized exercise protocol.

Methods: A total of 77 athletes (39 women, 38 men; 39.1 + 10.4 yr of age) were measured for respiratory exchange ratio during a modified Taylor …

Gut Microbiota Diversity And Composition In Predicting Immunotherapy Response And Immunotherapy-Related Colitis In Melanoma Patients: A Systematic Review, Oliver Oey, Yu-Yang Liu, Angela F. Sunjaya, Daniel M. Simadibrata, Muhammad A. Khattak, Elin Gray

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Gut microbiome (GM) composition and diversity have recently been studied as a biomarker of response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICB) and of ICB-related colitis. Aim: To conduct a systematic review on the role of GM composition and diversity in predicting response and colitis in patients with melanoma treated with ICB. Methods: The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42021228018. From a total of 300 studies, nine studies met inclusion criteria. Two studies were phase I clinical trials, while the remainder were prospective observational studies. All but one study has moderate risk of bias. In addition, we conducted a …

2021-2022 Charter Schools Office Annual Report, Grand Valley State University

Annual Reports (GVSU Charter Schools Office)

No abstract provided.

Core Outcome Set Development For Childhood Epilepsy Treated With Ketogenic Diet Therapy: Results Of A Scoping Review And Parent Interviews, Jennifer H. Carroll, Kirsty J. Martin-Mcgill, J. Helen Cross, Mary Hickson, Emma Williams, Val Aldridge, Avril Collinson

School of Health Professions

PurposeClinical trials on childhood epilepsy treated with ketogenic diet (KD) use a wide range of outcomes, however, patients and decision-makers often do not perceive the outcomes used as the most important. We sought parental opinion on outcomes of importance and compared these to outcomes reported in published research.MethodsEthical approval (London-Surrey-REC19/LO/1680). A scoping review identified outcomes reported in previous studies of childhood epilepsy and KD. Parents were recruited from nine KD centres (UK), charities and social media (international), then interviewed (Jan-April 2020) to explore priority outcomes. Content analysis identified all outcomes in transcripts. Parent identified outcomes were compared with those in …

A Nation That Rebuilds Its Soils Rebuild Itself- An Engineer's Perspective, Karen L. Johnson, Neil D. Gray, Wendy Stone, Bryce F.J. Kelly, Mark F. Fitzsimons, Cathy Clarke, Lynsay Blake, Stephen Chivasa, Florence Mtambanengwe, Paul Mapfumo, Andy Baker, Sabrina Beckmann, Lena Dominelli, Andrew L. Neal, Tariro Gwandu

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Nations can build and rebuild degraded soils to help address climate change and potentially improve the nutritional content of food if we change policies that allow the addition of safe mineral and organic wastes to soil. We present a framework that facilitates the transition from intensive conventional to more regenerative farming practices by considering soil’s natural cycle. Our paper is presented in three parts. Firstly, we consider that ’soil is living’; just like humans, the soil biome needs a balanced diet of macro and micronutrients as well as a nurturing environment. We simplify the soil science and take a systems …

Geophagy And Microplastic Ingestion, Hoda Amiri, Mohammad Hoseini, Sajjad Abbasi, Mohammad Malakootian, Majid Hashemi, Neamatollah Jaafarzadeh, Andrew Turner

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

Community Campus As Threshold: A Space Of Dialogue For Academia And The Community, R Brown, P Warwick, Zoe Latham, Rachel Manning, Sebastian Stevens

School of Art, Design and Architecture

This paper explores an argument for community-situated spaces of encounter – acting as thresholds – between community and academia, through which: learning can be enhanced; a greater sense of identity and efficacy can be fostered; and a defined agency can be enabled. This proposition prioritises a dialogic relationship in a shared ground of agency and discourse, whose potential is reinforced through a rediscovery of the local arising from the Covid pandemic. The rediscovery of the local has pushed civic-minded universities pre-existing interrogation of their community-based learning practice in the context of marginalised communities; a key challenge is how to foster …

Evaluating Provider Knowledge On The Impact Of Vitamin D Deficiency In Chronic Health Conditions, Shelly Alamry

DNP Projects

Vitamin D deficiency affects nearly one billion individuals globally. It is an essential vitamin to maintain bone health as well as the overall health of the body. Recent research reveals the significance of vitamin D deficiency in chronic health conditions like osteoporosis, depression, breast cancer, dementia, and viral infections like COVID-19. The Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project aimed to evaluate if education regarding vitamin D deficiency was effective in improving provider knowledge, increases practice confidence levels, and results in self-reported practice changes. An educational session and two questionnaires were administered to healthcare providers in the state of Mississippi. Before …

Creating And Implementing A Covid-19 Prevention And Response Program In The Performing Arts: A Clinician Expertise Commentary, David Tomchuk, Kyle Schneider, Jacklyn Bascomb-Harrison

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

No abstract provided.

Exertional Heat Stroke In A Male High School Runner With Disordered Eating: A Disablement Model Case Study, Brittni G. Hoover, Rebecca M. Hirschhorn, Allison B. Smith, Amy F. Hand

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

A 16-year-old male high school cross country athlete collapsed at the end of an afternoon 5K cross country meet. The patient was unable to stand, and after outwardly displaying confusion and agitation, his coaches sought assistance from the athletic trainers (ATs). The patient consumed one cup of water and a granola bar on the day of the meet. The ambient air temperature was 90°F with 69% humidity. Differential diagnoses included exertional heat stroke (EHS), exertional heat exhaustion, exertional collapse associated with sickle cell trait, heat syncope, dehydration, malnutrition, and hypoglycemia. Approximately 20 minutes passed between activation of the emergency action …

Management Of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (Gerd) By Primary Care Providers In Mississippi, Kimberly S. Fernando, Claire E. Harrelson, Alisha D. Jones, Kasey M. Rowley, Reagan L. Walker

MSN Research Projects

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common diseases seen in primary care practice. To reduce the negative effects, such as esophageal narrowing, erosions, and precancerous lesions, from uncontrolled or inadequately managed GERD, primary care providers must stay up to date on evidence-based research and integrate the most current guidelines, The American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) updated guidelines for proper management of GERD in 2021, into practice. The guidelines recommend lifestyle modifications, proper pharmacological treatment with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for an eight-week course, and proper follow-up and/or referral if unimproved. The purpose of this research study was …

The Socio-Economic Factors Of Poverty: Empirical Evidence From District Lasbela, Balochistan, Fida Muhammad, Parvez Ahmed Shaikh, Hazrat Yousaf

Business Review

Poverty is defined as a lack of basic necessities for survival. The current study examines the socio-economic factors that contribute to poverty in five of the district of Lasbela's nine tehsils, namely (Bela, Dureji, Hub, Sonmiani, and Uthal. Lasbela is Balochistan's tenth most deprived district, located near Karachi. The data for this study is cross-sectional and contributed from the project's 2014 Base Line Survey (BLS, 2014). The Logit model was used to evaluate the variables under study in order to achieve the study goal. According to our empirical findings, the average daily income in this district was less than $1.50. …

Hypertension, Rheumatoid Arthritis, And Hypothyroidism In Women Born Preterm Of The Women's Health Initiative, Pamela L. Brewer

Open Access Dissertations

Advances in perinatal and neonatal management, along with improved healthcare technologies, have increased the long-term survival of individuals who were born preterm. Millions of preterm birth survivors now reach adulthood. Premature birth, defined as birth before 37 weeks gestation, predisposes individuals to adverse health risks later in life. The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) theory was used as a framework for this dissertation. The main tenets of the DOHaD theory are that early birth infers immature organ development and when coupled with maternal, neonatal, and environmental stressors, long-term health consequences and/or chronic disease may result. International studies report …

Dietary Magnesium Intake And Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Ghanaian Women Of Reproductive Age, Helena Bentil

Open Access Dissertations

In several studies conducted in high-income countries, low magnesium intake has been linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, very no studies have been conducted in Africa, where the prevalence of T2DM is increasing in many countries. Furthermore, few studies have investigated the risk of magnesium deficiency in women of reproductive age, a group where lower levels of dietary magnesium intake have been linked to gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia during pregnancy. The purpose of this dissertation was to conduct a pilot cross-sectional study to investigate the dietary magnesium intakes of women of reproductive age in …

The American Lobster (Homarus Americanus) In Narragansett Bay During A Time Of Ecosystem Flux: Temperature, Predation, And Larval Dynamics, Kristin Huizenga

Open Access Dissertations

The American lobster (Homarus americanus) in southern New England sustained a particularly prosperous fishery during the 1980s and 1990s. However, in 2001 lobsters in the region began to decline, leading to the eventual collapse of the fishery in Rhode Island. The Narragansett Bay was no exception to this trend, with the number of lobsters caught by the University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography weekly fish trawl survey peaking in the 1990s before the decline. Today, few lobsters are caught in the Bay.

This dissertation seeks to identify whether environmental stressors and predators drive lobster populations in …

Bacterial Community Dynamics In Rhode Island Coastal Ecosystems, Zachary Pimentel

Open Access Dissertations

In temperate coastal ecosystems, there are a variety of potential environmental niches and lifestyles for bacteria to occupy, along with constantly changing environmental conditions. Residing in such a diverse environment with broad habitats, bacterial adaptation can be observed at both the community and genome level. For example, an individual strain may acquire new mutations or genes to respond to varying conditions or occupy a new niche. In addition, the taxonomic composition of bacterial communities can shift, resulting in higher abundances of strains specialized for a new condition. In this dissertation, community and genome-level adaptations to varying lifestyles and environmental change …