Digital Commons Network^™

Using Dietary Additives To Improve Palatability Of Diets Containing Single‐Cell Protein From Methanotrophic Bacteria In Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola Lalandi) Diets, Luke Pilmer, Lindsey Woolley, Alan J. Lymbery, Michael Salini, Gavin Partridge

Fisheries Research Articles

Single-cell protein (SCP) derived from methanotrophic bacteria has significant potential as a fishmeal alternative in aquafeeds. However, SCP has known palatability issues, to overcome these issues tuna hydrolysate and garlic powder were tested as palatability enhancers against basal diets without these additives. This study tested the inclusion of SCP at four dietary levels of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%, representing 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% fishmeal replacement in juvenile yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) (YTK) diets. YTK were fed these diets in triplicate over 35 days. Compared with the control diet, fish fed the SCP10% diet ate less feed, …

Biological Flora Of Coastal Wetlands: Sporobolus Cynosuroides (L.) P.M. Peterson & Saarela, Richard Stalter, Robert I. Lonard

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

Sporobolus cynosuroides (L.) P.M. Peterson & Saarela¼Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Roth is a temperate zone rhizomatous grass that often is a dominant species in coastal brackish marshes on the Gulf coast and Atlantic coasts of the United States where salinity ranges from 0 to 10 psu. Sporobolus cynosuroides (L.) P.M. Peterson & Saarela ¼ Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Roth is usually absent where salinity values are .12 psu. Sporobolus cynosuroides occurs in coastal habitats characterized by infrequent tidal flooding and moderate nutrient levels. Also known as big cordgrass, it may account for net productivity in high marshes that rivals productivity of Sporobolus …

The Effects Of Overshadowing In Drosophila Melanogaster With Experimentally Evolved Preference, Jill Lee

Theses

As seen in decades of psychology research, preferences play a major role in driving the decision-making process in both humans and animals. Researchers have advocated for using the technique of experimental evolution as a way to address some of the foundational questions on preferences. These preferences can also affect what is later learned and how well new experiences are learned. Salience is usually mentioned as an important component of what could influence preferences. Animals such as Drosophila melanogaster, that lay eggs without any additional maternal or paternal care, it is important to be selective when deciding where to lay …

Research Progress Of 3d Printing Of Cereal-Based Materials, Geng Han, Wang Li, Chen Zheng-Xing, Zuo Zhong-Yu

Food and Machinery

In this review, the main processes, principles and equipment suitable for cereal-based 3D printing were introduced, and the printing characteristics and application of cereal-based raw materials in 3D printing were summarized, including the main factors affecting the printing quality. Moreover, the prospects and challenges of cereal-based 3D printing was also discussed.

Direction Of Attentional Focus In Prosthetic Training: Current Practice And Potential For Improving Motor Learning In Individuals With Lower Limb Loss, Szu-Ping Lee, Alexander Bonczyk, Maria Katrina Dimapilis, Sarah Partridge, Samantha Ruiz, Lung-Chan Chien, Andrew Sawers

Physical Therapy Faculty Research

Objective:

Adopting an external focus of attention has been shown to benefit motor performance and learning. However, the potential of optimizing attentional focus for improving prosthetic motor skills in lower limb prosthesis (LLP) users has not been examined. In this study, we investigated the frequency and direction of attentional focus embedded in the verbal instructions in a clinical prosthetic training setting.

Methods:

Twenty-one adult LLP users (8 female, 13 male; 85% at K3 level; mean age = 50.5) were recruited from prosthetic clinics in the Southern Nevada region. Verbal interactions between LLP users and their prosthetists (mean experience = 10 …

Characterization Of Mumian And Host Rock In Al-Amerat Cave, Oman., Sara Alqamshouai

Honors Theses

Mumian is a sticky black-brown material found in the Mumian cave in Wadi Al Mayh, Al Amerat, Oman. Mumian has been used for centuries as traditional medicine by the local Omani people. Though commonly ingested orally to resolve a variety of common ailments, very little is known about the Mumian material in terms of its chemical composition. The principle aim of this study is to characterize the Mumian and the host rock in terms of the mineralogy and chemical characteristics using a variety of analytic instruments, including XRD, NMR, FT-IR, XRF, and UV- VIS. A secondary goal of this study …

Community Engagement Education In Academic Health Centers, Colleges, And Universities, Chyke A. Doubeni, David Nelson, Elizabeth Gross Cohn, Electra Paskett, Seleshi Ayalew Asfaw, Mehek Sumar, Syed M. Ahmed, Rhonda Mcclinton-Brown, Mark L. Wieland, Anita Kinney, Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola, Lisa G. Rosas, Cecilia M. Patino

Publications and Research

Community engagement (CE) is critical for advancing health equity and a key approach for promoting inclusive clinical and translational science. However, it requires a workforce trained to effectively design, implement, and evaluate health promotion and improvement strategies through meaningful collaboration with community members. This paper presents an approach for designing CE curricula for research, education, clinical care, and public health learners. A general pedagogical framework is presented to support curriculum development with the inclusion of community members as facilitators or faculty. The overall goal of the curriculum is envisioned as enabling learners to effectively demonstrate the principles of CE in …

Maternal Adipocyte Connexin43 Gap Junctions Affect Breastmilk Lactose Levels And Neonate Growth In Mice, Mingyang Huang, Anying Song, Xi Chen, Sarah Ishtiaq, Chunmei Wang, Darryl L Hadsell, Qiong A Wang, Yi Zhu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Simple Summary

Breastfeeding offers many health benefits for both mothers and infants. However, overnutrition and a steady increase in obesity in the U.S. has made it harder for many mothers to produce and express breastmilk. Moreover, the quality of breastmilk from obese mothers is frequently compromised in that it contains fewer nutrients and more inflammatory components. In this study, we used mice to model this phenomenon. We found that short-term high-fat feeding at the start of breeding reduces litter size and pups’ body weight. It also impairs adipocyte remodeling during lactation. Connexin43 is the primary building block for gap junctions …

Microbial Liberation Of N-Methylserotonin From Orange Fiber In Gnotobiotic Mice And Humans, Nathan D Han, Daniel Webber, Stacey Marion, Michael J Barratt, Andrew C Heath, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Plant fibers in byproduct streams produced by non-harsh food processing methods represent biorepositories of diverse, naturally occurring, and physiologically active biomolecules. To demonstrate one approach for their characterization, mass spectrometry of intestinal contents from gnotobiotic mice, plus in vitro studies, revealed liberation of N-methylserotonin from orange fibers by human gut microbiota members including Bacteroides ovatus. Functional genomic analyses of B. ovatus strains grown under permissive and non-permissive N-methylserotonin "mining" conditions revealed polysaccharide utilization loci that target pectins whose expression correlate with strain-specific liberation of this compound. N-methylserotonin, orally administered to germ-free mice, reduced adiposity, altered liver glycogenesis, shortened gut transit …

The Hiv/Aids Pandemic And Human Rights: A Continuum Approach, Ellen M. Walker

Florida Journal of International Law

The pandemic of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has generated a global human rights crisis. Despite evidence showing that protecting human rights helps prevent the transmission of HIV and reduce the impact of HIV/AIDS, fundamental rights continue to be violated. There is a two-way causal relationship between HIV/AIDS and states’ related human rights violations, complicated by the need for international cooperation. While many would agree that HIV/AIDS adversely impacts rights, there lacks a common understanding of how states must apply existing international human rights protections vis-à-vis HIV/AIDS. The international community is insufficiently aware of the many …

Rights Waiting For Change: Socio-Economic Rights In The New South Africa, Cyrus E. Dugger

Florida Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Food Insecurity In An Anthropogenic Age: An Analysis Into How Consumer Demand Will Shift During Crisis Events, Chloe G. Parsons, Christina Kuchmaner

Ursidae: The Undergraduate Research Journal at the University of Northern Colorado

Consumers in the United States may need to adjust their food demand due to food insecurity caused by climate warming events. Research has focused on how climate change impacts food supply chains and distribution; however, there was little research on how consumers responded to these changes. This study analyzed how consumers across the United States responded to food insecurity caused by crisis events (i.e. pandemics and climate change), how consumers shifted from grocery store vendors to local food vendors, and if migration or food miles may increase based on potential food shortages. One study was initiated through survey and a …

The Cognitive Evolution Of Homo Erectus, Emily Dzhinenko

Ursidae: The Undergraduate Research Journal at the University of Northern Colorado

Evolutionary cognitive archaeology evaluates the evolution of cognitive advancements through past hominins and artefacts to understand their intellectual capabilities of planning, reasoning, memory, and problem-solving skills up until present day. I will explore cognitive evolution through a literature review of the effects on Homo erectus from their controlled exploitation of fire. Utilization of fire by H. erectus directly impacted their nutritional intake resulting in physiological changes which included increased brain sizes. Larger brains created room for expansion of the dopaminergic system allowing new cognitive abilities to adapt. Results from these adaptations included a more efficient thermoregulatory system and extraversive behaviours …

Evaluating The Rass And Cap-D In A Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Sarah Anderson

Dissertations

Abstract

Problem: Pediatric delirium is highly prevalent in the intensive care setting, as much as seventy to eighty-seven percent. Kalvas & Harrison (2020) found that sixty-six percent of critically ill children in a pediatric intensive care unit suffered from a diagnosis of delirium. Delirium has been widely linked with increased costs, mortality, and length of stay.

Methods: The quality improvement (QI) project used a descriptive design to collect retrospective and prospective data before and after an individualized bedside education session was completed. The QI project used a purposive convenience sampling to assess the ability to accurately identify the presence of …

The Mission System: An Electronic Health Record For Medical Treatment In Guatemala, Tawniece M. Curry

Dissertations

Abstract

Problem: The introduction of an electronic health record (EHR) system has become an essential component in monitoring and tracking patient information in most developed countries but are difficult to implement in underdeveloped countries. Guatemala is a country with poor health care and limited resources for patient tracking and monitoring. An organization in Guatemala, Nursing Heart Inc. (NHI), provides care to over 40 underserved rural communities but lacks the ability to monitor and track patient information. In order for NHI to properly monitor and evaluate their programs and track patients’ continuity of care, the introduction of an EHR system is …

Improving Saint Louis University Mental Status (Slums) Exam Adherence, Kelsie Patek

Dissertations

Problem: Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (MNCD) and dementia remain one of the most common debilitating problems facing the elderly. The Saint Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) Exam is a screening questionnaire to assess for MNCD or dementia. With the utilization of the SLUMS, clinicians can detect cognitive impairment and provide early intervention resulting in improved function and delayed progression of illness. The aim of this project was to increase the rate of SLUMS completion by at least 75% at a long-term care facility in a rural Midwestern state and to assess changes in diagnoses and treatment plans resulting from use of …

The Effects Of Early Lactation Support On Breastfeeding Exclusivity Rates, Alexa Fleming

Dissertations

Abstract

Problem Breastfeeding exclusively for the first 6 months of a child’s life is the recommendation across medical professionals. Unfortunately, exclusive breastfeeding rates are on the decline due to insufficient support, lack of self-efficacy and inadequate hospital interventions.

Methods For this quality improvement (QI) project, a descriptive observational study design was used to identify appropriate participants who were planning to have a full-term, healthy, exclusively breastfed newborn. Within one hour after delivery, a lactation specialist provided the mother with breastfeeding education and assistance with the initial latching process. At the time of discharge, data was collected to examine if the …

Genetic And Biochemical Investigation Of Seed Fatty Acid Accumulation In Arabidopsis, Chinedu Charles Nwafor, Delin Li, Ping Qin, Long Li, Wei Zhang, Yuanwei Zhou, Jingjing Xu, Yongtai Yin, Jianbo Cao, Limin He, Fu Xiang, Chao Liu, Liang Guo, Yongming Zhou, Edgar B. Cahoon, Chunyu Zhang

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

As a vegetable oil, consisting principally of triacylglycerols, is the major storage form of photosynthetically-fixed carbon in oilseeds which are of significant agricultural and industrial value. Photosynthesis in chlorophyll-containing green seeds, along with photosynthesis in leaves and other green organs, generates ATP and reductant (NADPH and NADH) needed for seed fatty acid production. However, contribution of seed photosynthesis to fatty acid accumulation in seeds have not been well-defined. Here, we report the contribution of seed-photosynthesis to fatty acid production by probing segregating green (photosynthetically-competent) and non-green or yellow (photosynthetically-non-competent) seeds in siliques of an Arabidopsis chlorophyll synthase mutant. Using this …

Implementing A Child Friendly Menu Guide In A Pediatric Unit: Promoting Healthful Choices, Lauren Hull

Dissertations

Problem: Over 1/3 of children in the United States are overweight or obese and children’s nutritional status while hospitalized worsens rather than improves. Hospital meals have too many calories, too much sugar, and too few nutrients compared to recommended guidelines for children. The primary purpose of this quality improvement project is to increase the amount of healthy foods ordered by children in a southeastern pediatric hospital unit through implementation of a menu guide.

Methods: A quality improvement pre-post interventional pilot study was done through implementation of a child friendly menu guide promoting healthful eating. Data was collected by retrospective and …

Pathways To Food Insecurity In The Context Of Conflict: The Case Of The Occupied Palestinian Territory, Tracy Kuo Lin, Rawan Kafri, Weeam Hammoudeh, Suzan Mitwalli, Zeina Jamaluddine, Hala Ghattas Ph.D., Rita Giacaman, Tiziana Leone

Faculty Publications

Background: Conflict reduces availability of production input and income, increases the number of days households had to rely on less preferred foods, and limits the variety of foods eaten and the portion size of meals consumed. While existing studies examine the impact of conflict on different food security measures (e.g., Food Consumption Score, Food Insecurity Experience Scale), the relationship between these measures as well as their relationship with political, economic, and agricultural factors remain under explored. Food insecurity may not only be an externality of conflict but also food deprivation may be utilized as a weapon to discourage residency in …

Cover Cropping: Sensor-Based Estimations Of Biomass Yield And Nutrient Uptake And Its Impact On Sugarcane Productivity, Hector H. Fajardo Duran

LSU Master's Theses

Sugarcane in Louisiana can be harvested for up to three years from one planting. Soil cultivation along sides of established beds is done for weed control and improve fertilizer use efficiency which increases the risk of soil degradation and yield decline. Planting cover crops (CC) is a soil conservation practice and an effective strategy to improve soil health and nutrient recycling. Limited work has been done on remote sensor-based evaluation of the potential nutrient benefits from cover crops and its effect on nutrient cycling on sugarcane systems. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two planting methods (broadcast …

Effect Of Various Preterm Infant Milk Formulas On Nec-Like Gut Injury In Mice., Karishma Rao, Alain Cuna, Susana Chavez-Bueno, Heather Menden, Wei Yu, Ishfaq Ahmed, Pugazhendhi Srinivasan, Shahid Umar, Venkatesh Sampath

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Formula feeding is an important risk factor for the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. The potential harmful effects of different preterm formulas on the developing intestinal tract remain incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that feeding newborn mouse pups with various preterm formulas resulted in differing effects on intestinal inflammation, apoptosis, and activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NFκB. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that each preterm formula resulted in significant gut microbial alterations that were different from dam-fed controls. Formula feeding with EleCare and Similac Special Care caused greater intestinal injury compared to NeoSure. Pre-treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG …

Birth Length Is The Strongest Predictor Of Linear Growth Status And Stunting In The First 2 Years Of Life After A Preconception Maternal Nutrition Intervention: The Children Of The Women First Trial, Nancy F Krebs, K Michael Hambidge, Jamie L Westcott, Ana L Garcés, Lester Figueroa, Antoinette K Tshefu, Adrien L Lokangaka, Shivaprasad S Goudar, Sangappa M Dhaded, Sarah Saleem, Sumera Aziz Ali, Melissa S Bauserman, Richard J Derman, Robert L Goldenberg, Abhik Das, Dhuly Chowdhury

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: The multicountry Women First trial demonstrated that nutritional supplementation initiated prior to conception (arm 1) or early pregnancy (arm 2) and continued until delivery resulted in significantly greater length at birth and 6 mo compared with infants in the control arm (arm 3).

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated intervention effects on infants' longitudinal growth trajectory from birth through 24 mo and identified predictors of length status and stunting at 24 mo.

METHODS: Infants' anthropometry was obtained at 6, 12, 18, and 24 mo after the Women First trial (registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01883193), which was conducted in low-resource settings: Democratic Republic …

Improving Recognition And Treatment Of Depression Among Women Using Phq-9 During Office Visits, Victoria Nwokocha, Heather Owens, Chris Webb

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Capstones

Depression can affect productivity and earnings among women, slow down the pace of active participation in social and family life, and increase health costs as well as distract attention from optimal health targets. Depression is the highest source of disability in NYC, with billions of dollars annually in related productivity losses. Although healthcare spending on depression affected patients is largely on hospital admissions, an estimated 40% of affected persons in New York do not get the adequate attention and care needed, with women most often affected by depression. This is an indication that the bedrock of preventive medicine for mental …

Evaluation Of An Initiative To Increase Rates Of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Rural Hispanic Immigrant Women, Naomi E. Pitcock

Dissertations

This project was a retrospective evaluation of the prenatal education component of a multi-component breastfeeding promotion intervention. The educational portion of this program, provided in Spanish using intercultural communication techniques, was designed to increase the number of Hispanic women who choose to initiate breastfeeding, using breast milk exclusively to nourish their newborns. The Hispanic women included in this program were all registered with a local prenatal-care coordination program for low-income women, had routine hospital births (both vaginal and C-section) and elected to participate in the prenatal education class. Data regarding intention to breastfeed and breastfeeding during hospitalization were gathered through …

Vitamin E Enhances Cancer Immunotherapy By Reinvigorating Dendritic Cells Via Targeting Checkpoint Shp1, Xiangliang Yuan, Yimin Duan, Yi Xiao, Kai Sun, Yutao Qi, Yuan Zhang, Zamal Ahmed, Davide Moiani, Jun Yao, Hongzhong Li, Lin Zhang, Arseniy E Yuzhalin, Ping Li, Chenyu Zhang, Akosua Badu-Nkansah, Yohei Saito, Xianghua Liu, Wen-Ling Kuo, Haoqiang Ying, Shao-Cong Sun, Jenny C Chang, John A Tainer, Dihua Yu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Despite the popular use of dietary supplements during conventional cancer treatments, their impacts on the efficacies of prevalent immunotherapies, including immune-checkpoint therapy (ICT), are unknown. Surprisingly, our analyses of electronic health records revealed that ICT-treated patients with cancer who took vitamin E (VitE) had significantly improved survival. In mouse models, VitE increased ICT antitumor efficacy, which depended on dendritic cells (DC). VitE entered DCs via the SCARB1 receptor and restored tumor-associated DC functionality by directly binding to and inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP1, a DC-intrinsic checkpoint. SHP1 inhibition, genetically or by VitE treatment, enhanced tumor antigen cross-presentation by DCs and …

Recalibrating An Agent-Based Model Of Global Food And Nutrition Trade, Nick Roxburgh, Gary Polhill, Jiaqi Ge

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Global food and nutrition security has long been an issue of international concern, with ‘zero hunger’ prominent as one of the United Nations’ (UN) Sustainable Development Goals and the importance of safeguarding food security acknowledged in the Paris Agreement. In previously published work (Ge et al. 2021), the calibration and validation of an agent-based model of global food and nutrition trade was demonstrated. The model focused on the role of relational factors in shaping countries’ trade behaviour, with each country represented as a discrete agent. It was designed to allow a wide variety of scenarios to be simulated, including the …

Developing Agile Approaches To Scientific Modelling In Policy-Relevant Contexts, Gary Polhill, Rebekka Artz, Nikki Baggaley, Marie Castellazzi

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Over twenty years have passed since the advent of ‘agile’ project management thinking in the software engineering domain (Beck et al. 2001). With exceptions such as Moyo et al. (2015) and Zare et al. (2020), ‘agile’ is not commonly-used in transdisciplinary modelling literature, nor routinely expected in transdisciplinary research calls. Partly, this is because there are well-established methodologies such as Companion Modelling (Étienne 2014) that adopt similar principles with different nomenclature. It is also true that, unlike more routine software development processes, the particularities and complexities of specific research questions combined with the relatively small volume of practitioners means it …

Utilizing Heart Rate And Rpe To Prescribe Cycle Ergometer Hiit In Older Adults: A Feasibility Study, Christopher J. Keating, Pedro Ángel Latorre Román, José Carlos Cabrera Linares, Ana De La Casa Pérez, Juan Antonio Párraga Montilla

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 896-909, 2022. Previous research has provided evidence that aerobic HIIT exercise can induce important physiological adaptations and elicit improvements in health and fitness parameters. However, most of the research has taken place in a laboratory setting with specialized equipment and monitoring devices. It begs the question, is HIIT accessible to the general aging population? The objective of the current research was to employ an age-predicted HRmax to prescribe a minimally invasive 4x4 cycle ergometer HIIT protocol. Ten participants (age: 64.2 ± 6.1) completed a non-weight-bearing cycle ergometer protocol for 6 weeks. Significant Pearson correlations …

Full-Text Retrievals And Ebsco Discovery Service: Assessing Usage Of E-Journals Across Multiple Platforms, Simon Robins

Roesch Library Faculty Publications

This study utilizes COUNTER 5 data from the University of Dayton (UD) to measure full-text retrievals of e-journal articles from five major academic journal publishers (Taylor & Francis, SAGE, Oxford, Wiley, and Springer). Usage data from these publishers’ e-journals within EBSCO is compared to the same content when accessed from publisher platforms such as Wiley Online Library or SpringerLINK. Building on previous studies that have largely focused on links (or referrals) from the library discovery layer to publisher platforms, this study analyzes usage of full text-articles stored within EBSCO Discovery Service and EBSCOhost subject databases to consider how these full-text …