Digital Commons Network^™

Icam-1 Abundance Is Increased In Pancreatic Islets Of Hyperglycemic Female Nod Mice And Is Rapidly Upregulated By Nf-Κb In Pancreatic B-Cells, Thomas M. Martin, Susan J. Burke, Heidi M. Batdorf, David H. Burk, Sujoy Ghosh, Samuel D. Dupuy, Michael D. Karlstad, J. Jason Collier

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is classified as an autoimmune disease where pancreatic b-cells are specifically targeted by cells of the immune system. The molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not completely understood. Herein, we identified that the Icam1 gene and ICAM-1 protein were selectively elevated in female NOD mice relative to male mice, fitting with the sexual dimorphism of diabetes onset in this key mouse model of T1D. In addition, ICAM-1 abundance was greater in hyperglycemic female NOD mice than in age-matched normoglycemic female NOD mice. Moreover, we discovered that the Icam1 gene was rapidly upregulated in response to IL-1β …

Reply To G Taubes, Mi Friedman, And V Torres-Carot Et Al., Kevin D. Hall, I. Sadaf Farooqi, Jeffery M. Friedman, Samuel Klein, Ruth J.F. Loos, David J. Mangelsdorf, Stephen O’Rahilly, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redman, Donna H. Ryan, John R. Speakman, Deirdre K. Tobias

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Nutritional Quality Of Calorie Restricted Diets In The Calerie™ 1 Trial, Susan B. Racette, Valene Garr Barry, Connie W. Bales, Megan A. Mccrory, Kathleen A. Obert, Cheryl H. Gilhooly, Susan B. Roberts, Corby K. Martin, Catherine Champagne, Sai Krupa Das

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Objectives: The aim was to determine the nutritional adequacy of calorie restricted (CR) diets during CR interventions up to 12 months. Methods: The Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE™) phase 1 trial consisted of 3 single-site studies to test the feasibility and effectiveness of CR in adults without obesity. After baseline assessments, participants who were randomized to a CR intervention received education and training from registered dietitians on how to follow a healthful CR diet. Food diaries were completed at baseline and during the CR interventions (~6, 9, and 12 months) when participants were self-selecting …

Testosterone Undecanoate Administration Prevents Declines In Fat-Free Mass But Not Physical Performance During Simulated Multi-Stressor Military Operations, Alyssa N. Varanoske, Melissa N. Harris, Callie Hebert, Emily E. Howard, Neil M. Johannsen, Steven B. Heymsfield, Frank L. Greenway, Lee M. Margolis, Harris R. Lieberman, Robbie A. Beyl, David D. Church, Arny A. Ferrando, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Jennifer C. Rood

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Male military personnel conducting strenuous operations experience reduced testosterone concentrations, muscle mass, and physical performance. Pharmacological restoration of normal testosterone concentrations may attenuate performance decrements by mitigating muscle mass loss. Previously, administering testosterone enanthate (200 mg/wk) during 28 days of energy deficit prompted supraphysiological testosterone concentrations and lean mass gain without preventing isokinetic/isometric deterioration. Whether administering a practical dose of testosterone protects muscle and performance during strenuous operations is undetermined. The objective of this study was to test the effects of a single dose of testosterone undecanoate on body composition and military-relevant physical performance during a simulated operation. After a …

Gradient And Acceleration Of Decline In Physical And Cognitive Functions In Older Adults: A Disparity Analysis, H. Ip Edward, Shyh Huei Chen, W. Jack Rejeski, Karen Bandeen-Roche, Kathleen M. Hayden, Christina E. Hugenschmidt, June Pierce, Michael E. Miller, Jaime L. Speiser, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Denise K. Houston, Robert L. Newton, Stephen R. Rapp, Dalane W. Kitzman

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Background: Substantive previous work has shown that both gait speed and global cognition decline as people age. Rates of their decline, as opposed to cross-sectional measurements, could be more informative of future functional status and other clinical outcomes because they more accurately represent deteriorating systems. Additionally, understanding the sex and racial disparity in the speed of deterioration, if any, is also important as ethnic minorities are at an increased risk of mobility disability and dementia. Method: Data from 2 large longitudinal intervention studies were integrated. Rates of decline were derived from individual-level measures of gait speed of 400-m walk and …

Obesity Management In The Primary Prevention Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Elizabeth R.M. Zunica, Elizabeth C. Heintz, Christopher L. Axelrod, John P. Kirwan

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary hepatic malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related death globally. HCC is associated with an indolent clinical presentation, resulting in frequent advanced stage diagnoses where surgical resection or transplant therapies are not an option and medical therapies are largely ineffective at improving survival. As such, there is a critical need to identify and enhance primary prevention strategies to mitigate HCC-related morbidity and mortality. Obesity is an independent risk factor for the onset and progression of HCC. Furthermore, obesity is a leading cause of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the fasting growing etiological factor of …

Comparison Of Weight Loss Data Collected By Research Technicians Versus Electronic Medical Records: The Propel Trial, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Emily F. Mire, Emily F. Mire, Corby K. Martin, Robert L. Newton, Robert L. Newton, John W. Apolzan, John W. Apolzan, Eboni G. Price-Haywood, Eboni G. Price-Haywood, Kara D. Denstel, Kara D. Denstel, Ronald Horswell, San T. Chu, William D. Johnson, Corby K. Martin, William D. Johnson, Robert K. Singletary, Cheryl Lewis, Phillip Brantley, Ronald Horswell, Betty Kennedy, Dachuan Zhang, Stephanie Authement, Shiquita Brooks, Danielle S. Burrell, Leslie Forest-Everage, Angelle Graham Ullmer, Laurie Murphy, Cristalyn Reynolds, Kevin Sanders, Stephen Bower, Hillary Gahagan, Tabitha K. Gray

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background/objectives: Pragmatic trials are increasingly used to study the implementation of weight loss interventions in real-world settings. This study compared researcher-measured body weights versus electronic medical record (EMR)-derived body weights from a pragmatic trial conducted in an underserved patient population. Subjects/methods: The PROPEL trial randomly allocated 18 clinics to usual care (UC) or to an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) designed to promote weight loss. Weight was measured by trained technicians at baseline and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. A total of 11 clinics (6 UC/5 ILI) with 577 enrolled patients also provided EMR data (n = 561), which …

Pyrolysis Temperature Affects Dissolved Phosphorus And Carbon Levels In Alkali-Enhanced Biochar And Its Soil Applications, Meng Wang, Jim J. Wang, Jong Hwan Park, Jian Wang, Xudong Wang, Zuoping Zhao, Fengmin Song, Bo Tang

Faculty Publications

Alkali-enhanced biochars, as an environment-friendly material, combine the advantages of biomass nutrients and carbon fixation. In this study, rice-residue-derived biochars were evaluated for P and C solubility and their amendment upon plant P uptake. Biochars from rice straw (RS) and husk (RH), including raw biochar without alkaline pretreatment (0B), alkali-enhanced biochars with KOH (5KB, 5 g KOH per 100 g feedstock;10KB, 10 g KOH per 100 g feedstock), K2CO3 (5K2B, 5 g K2CO3 per 100 g feedstock; 10K2B, 10 g K2CO3 per 100 g feedstock), and CaO (5CB, 5 g CaO per 100 g feedstock; 10CB,10 g CaO per 100 …

2022-2023 Undergraduate Catalog, The University Of Alabama In Huntsville

Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.

A Scoping Review Of Preterm Births In Sub-Saharan Africa: Burden, Risk Factors And Outcomes, Adam Mabrouk, Amina Abubakar, Ezra Too, Esther Chongwo, Ifedayo M. Adetifa

Institute for Human Development, East Africa

Preterm births (PTB) are the leading cause of neonatal deaths, the majority of which occur in low- and middle-income countries, particularly those in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Understanding the epidemiology of prematurity is an essential step towards tackling the challenge of PTB in the sub-continent. We performed a scoping review of the burden, predictors and outcomes of PTB in SSA. We searched PubMed, Embase, and three other databases for articles published from the database inception to 10 July 2021. Studies reporting the prevalence of PTB, the associated risk factors, and/or its outcomes were eligible for inclusion in this review. Our literature …

Carbohydrate Rinse Fails To Enhance Cycling Performance Or Alter Metabolic And Autonomic Recovery In Recreational Cyclists, Cassie Williamson-Reisdorph, Emily Bechke, Cherilyn Mclester, Robert J. Buresh, Melinda Millard-Stafford, Zackery Green, Rasmus Rooks, Brett Nickerson, Brian Kliszczewicz

Faculty Articles

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinsing on autonomic and metabolic recovery as well as cycling performance. Ten male recreational cyclists (age = 30 ± 6 years, VO2peak = 54.5 ± 8.1 mL·kg-1·min-1) completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover designed study. A CHO or a placebo (PLA) rinse was administered every 12.5% of a work to completion trial (75%Wmax). Heart rate variability (lnRMSSD), the respiratory exchange ratio, and plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, insulin, glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), and lactate were measured pre- and post-exercise. The CHO rinse did not improve time to …

Data Management Report August 2022, Tennessee. Department Of Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities

Compliance & System Data/Reports

This monthly report provides data on various aspects of the department's activities and programs.

Impact Of Adding Natural And Simulated Root Exudates On The Functioning Of Contaminated Soil, Bhagyashree P. Vaidya

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

No abstract provided.

“I’M Not Like That!” : Reframing Contemporary Ecopoetic Criticism And De-Metaphorizing The Nonhuman Animal, Alexandra Franke

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

In this paper, I seek to highlight the benefits and necessity of reframing our critical approach to ecopoetry. In order to do so, I attempt to define “ecopoetry,” as well as terms like “nonhuman animal” and “anthropocentrism.” Historically, critics have routinely romanticized the nonhuman natural world, rendering it something two-dimensional, like a painting or landscape, rather than an encompassing environment. As a result, critics have often failed to consider the legitimacy of the animals who populate the nonhuman natural world. Instead, these animals are typically romanticized and metaphorized, ultimately furthering anthropocentric hierarchies and distancing us from them. When anthropocentric thought …

Three Essays In Health Economics, Mir Nahid Mahmud

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation comprises three empirical essays. The first essay estimates the long-term health and socioeconomic impact of early life nutritional deficit using the Bangladesh Famine from 1974-1975 as a natural experiment. The second essay investigates if pubic health insurance coverage of “ immigrant children¬” changed as a result of the lift of the “five-year-ban” in the Children Health Insurance Reauthorization Act-2009. The final chapter estimates the relationship between child health conditions and maternal employment using conventional econometric models. To expand the analysis and contribute to the literature, I estimate the relationship by implementing a Multiple Indicator Multiple Causes Model (MIMIC).

Three Essays In Health Economics, Jun Soo Lee

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

My dissertation includes three main studies: the first study examines the seasonality of the birth weight and the underlying mechanisms for the seasonality; the second study documents the impact of weather conditions on the gestation period by using the duration analysis and on the birth weight by using the decomposition method and quantile regression; the third study analyzes the effects of density of immigrant population around place of residence on the residents’ health outcomes.In the first study, we evaluate a range of plausible mechanisms that may underlie the seasonality of the birth weight by using U.S. birth certificate records from …

U.S. Health Professionals' Perspectives On Orthorexia Nervosa : Clinical Utility, Measurement And Diagnosis, And Perceived Influence Of Sociocultural Factors, Christina Sanzari

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Purpose: The current study aimed to investigate United States (U.S.) health professionals’ perspectives on if and how Orthorexia nervosa (ON) should be classified, replicating and expanding upon a previous study in a U.S. sample. Method: Participants (n=100) were U.S. health professionals with experience working clinically with eating disorders, including trainees, Ph.D. psychologists, social workers and master’s level clinicians, and medical health professionals. After reviewing the proposed ON criteria, participants responded to questions regarding the clinical utility of ON, diagnosis and measurement of the proposed condition, and sociocultural influence on the emergence of ON. Views of ON as a useful diagnostic …

Early Childhood Development In Uganda: Investing In Human And National Development – Reflections From The Covid-19 Pandemic, Anil Khamis

Book Chapters / Conference Papers

This chapter presents an analysis of the development of early childhood development in Uganda from policy to programme development in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the achievements and challenges as well as the opportunities for government and its partners whilst navigating an evolving and increasingly competitive political economy. The chapter identifies gaps that need to be addressed in terms of human development, which is argued to be the basis of national development. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals are presented as an acceptable and agreed framework by all stakeholders as Uganda and other nations confront uncertain futures. …

Assessment Of Health Beliefs Related To Osteoporosis In A Sample Of Iraqi Populationa, Shaymaa Abdalwahed Abdulameer, Mohanad Naji Sahib

Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

Osteoporosis is one of the most progressive metabolic bone diseases that affecting millions of people worldwide. The purpose of this study was to assess osteoporosis health beliefs using Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale- Arabic version (OHBS-A) among sample of Iraqi adult men. The study is crosssectional community based study design, involved 138 participants with different age groups. The results showed th0.e mean age of the participants was 40.78±13.05 years. The tool showed a good reliability with the Cronbach's alpha test 0.97 for the forty-two items in OHBS-A. For the test-retest reliability the results demonstrated an accepted reliability and stability with Pearson’s …

Antimicrobial Action Of Some Types Of Homemade And Commercial Oils Extracts Against Bacterial Clinical Isolates, Ali Shaker F. Hadad, Jaleel Samanje

Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

The concentrated natural plant extracts are important sources of oils, which were proven to be good bioactive compound sources with antimicrobial and antioxidative characteristics. The current study aims to study the antimicrobial actions of public extracts of some commercial essential oils sold in market agaisnt a panel of some gram negative and positive clinicaly isolated bacteria. İn our study, fifteen types of commerical extracts were sold from local market and their antimicrobial action was tested against Pseudomonas. aeruginosa, Klebsiella. pneumoniae, Proteus. vulgaris, Escherichia. coli, Staphylococcus. aureus, Streptococcus. agalactiae and Enterococcus. faecalis. All the selected pathogens were tested for antibiotic senesitivty …

Estimation Of Oxidative Stress, Oxidized Ldl And Some Trace Element In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Noor Kareem Abbas, Ahmed A. Mohsin, Humiash H. H., Muhammed M. Radhi

Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

Oxidative stress is a physiological state in which high numbers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals are produced. It has been demonstrated that oxidative stress plays a role in the development of diabetes. We aimed in this study to assists oxidative stress markers in diabetic patients, such as the oxidation-reduction process and OxLDL, as well as the relationship between OxLDL and the traditional risk factors for type 2 diabetes (LDL, FBS). In addition, various trace metals (copper, zinc, and chromium) were evaluated as antioxidants. The study was conducted at the Specialized Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes in Babylon …

Study The Effects Of Sleeve Gastroectomy On Il-8, Il-18, And Vitamin D3 Deficiencies, Mohammed Abbas Fadil, Raya Ezat Maroof, Moayed Abbas

Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

Bariatric surgery is the most successful therapy for weight loss, Sleeve gastrectomy; part of the stomach is removed, reducing its capacity by about 85%. Reducing stomach size decreases the consumption of food. Obesity is measured based on their BMI, an estimate of body fat based on weight and height is to study the association between sleeve gastroectomy and some immune marker by estimation level of interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-18 (IL-18), and vitamin D3 in sera patient and control groups, to determination the correlation between in markers; Body mass index (BMI) and their parameters. A total of thirty blood samples were obtained …

Continuance Intention Of Using Online Food Delivery Applications: Customers With Food Allergies, Jeongyeon Ahn

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the predictors of the continuance intention of using online food delivery applications (OFD apps) in the context of U.S. consumers with food allergies. Extending the UTAUT2 model with two context-specific variables, perceived risk, and trust, the current study tested the relationships in the extended model. A self-administered online survey was conducted to collect a sample of 293 U.S. OFD app users with food allergies and the extended UTAUT2 model was tested using a three-step hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results of the study revealed that habit and trust were the only significant constructs that predict the continuance …

Don’T Count On Kiwis At A Kiwi Farmers’ Market: Communicating Intersections Of Globalization And Local Food At Aotearoa New Zealand Farmers’ Markets, Travis Bartosh

Communication (PhD) Dissertations

The main question driving this study seeks to understand how New Zealand farmers’ markets represent and engage with global and local issues in relation to food production, distribution, and consumption. Under this question, three sub-questions seek to understand the discourses present at the markets, how these discourses insect with globalization and local food, and how this intersection works to organize contemporary farmers’ markets.

The findings for this dissertation are divided into three chapters. The first findings chapter lays out the discourses present in the data. These discourses are largely related to food producer sovereignty. The second findings chapter looks …

The Health Effects Of A Plant-Based Diet On The Human Gut Microbiome, Bryant T. Bell

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

The popularity of a plant-based diet is sweeping the western world. Markets and social media influencers are promoting and encouraging this dietary lifestyle. With people switching diets, research is needed to see how one’s gut microbiome and health are affected. In this review article, the health effect of a plant-based diet on the gut microbiota is evaluate. Over 15 articles contained research on the physiology of the gastrointestinal system, microbes in the gut, nutrition, and diets affecting health issues. It is concluded that a plant-based diet promotes good health and gut microbiome; however, there are some nutritional deficiencies that may …

Activation Of The Ppar Nuclear Receptors By Oxylipins And Their Potential Effects On Differentiation And Gene Expression In Myocytes, Jazmine Eccles

All Theses

Obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases are a growing issue worldwide. Decreased expression of CYP2B6 is associated with obesity in humans and Cyp2b-null mice are diet-induced obese; however fatty liver disease is worse in humanized CYP2B6 transgenic mice than WT or Cyp2b-null mice despite lower obesity. CYP2B6 produces several oxylipins with preference for metabolism at the 9- and 13-positions with 9-HODE and 13-HODE (from linoleic acid; n-6), and 9-HOTrE and 13-HOTrE (from a-linolenic acid; n-3) preferentially produced. Oxylipins serve as signaling molecules for many processes, such as inflammatory pathways, lipid distribution, and lipid metabolism. Due to their diversity, oxylipins can …

Bioleaching Of Arsenic From Agricultural Soils, Zachary Gilstrap

All Theses

Arsenic is a ubiquitous trace metalloid. However, increasing concentrations of arsenic in soil and water is a problem the world faces due to inputs from anthropogenic sources such as mining, milling, agriculture, and coal ash. One method of remediation for these arsenic-contaminated sites is bioleaching. While it is most often used to extract metals from raw ore, it is a viable and environmentally friendly method to remove the same metals from soil. Bioleaching removes metals by cultivating living organisms such as the fungi Aspergillus niger (A.niger) or the bacterium Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (T.ferrooxidans). This research aimed to investigate A. …

The Effects Of Short Chain Fatty Acids On Clostridioides Difficile Growth, Sporulation, And Toxin Production, Michelle Baldassare

All Theses

Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are products of bacterial fermentation that help maintain important gut functions such as the intestinal barrier, signaling, and immune homeostasis. The main SCFAs acetate, propionate, and butyrate have demonstrated beneficial effects for the host, including importance in combatting infections caused by pathogens such as Clostridioides difficile. C. difficile infection (CDI) is a public health concern and causes 30,000 deaths each year mainly due to the overuse of antibiotics. Despite the potential role of SCFAs in mitigating C. difficile infection, their direct effect on C. difficile remains unclear. Through a set of in-vitro experiments, we …

Yoga In Criminal Justice Facilities: A Descriptive Study, Rachel Broome

All Theses

The United States currently incarcerates more individuals than any other country in the world, creating an effect known as mass incarceration. While incarcerated, individuals’ physical and mental health can be affected. Yoga is a feasible, cost-effective modality that may be utilized in criminal justice facilities, to assist in the process of improving the physical and mental health of individuals who are incarcerated or in confinement. The purpose of this study was to explore the structure of yoga programs that are being implemented throughout United States criminal justice facilities and the effects that the COVID-19 pandemic had on programs. Through a …

A Comprehensive Review On The Use Of Herbal Dietary Supplements In The Usa, Reasons For Their Use, And Review Of Potential Hepatotoxicity, Adnan Khan, Kashyap Chauhan, Heather Ross, Natali Salinas, John Magagna, Makala Wang, Patrick Zhu, Ryan Erwin, Dina Halegoua-De Marzio

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Herbal and dietary supplement (HDS) use has grown exponentially in the United States. Unfortunately, the incidence of HDS-related liver injury has proportionally increased. Despite the potential for certain HDSs to cause clinically significant liver injury, they are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration. Recent efforts have been made to regulate HDSs but are far removed from the scrutiny of prescription medications. Scant literature exists on HDSs and their risks of causing liver injury. In this comprehensive review, we examine trends of HDS use in the United States and the pathophysiologic mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) of certain …