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Umfc 140 A Comprehensive Case Report, Daniel D. Warila Jan 2023

Umfc 140 A Comprehensive Case Report, Daniel D. Warila

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

UMFC 140 Is a teaching specimen from purchased from China assigned To Daniel Warila B.A. for the purpose of a Forensic case study. This case study covers a wide variety of forensic procedures that can be applied to these remains. The forensic procedures used consist of past as well as current procedures were applied to the remains with the resulting findings discussed and analyzed. This case study was focused on finding as many forensic answers as possible on the remains in their current condition.


The Reproductive Consequences Of Low Energy Availability In Females, Courtney Couture Jan 2023

The Reproductive Consequences Of Low Energy Availability In Females, Courtney Couture

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.


Between Tradition And Transformation: A Feminist Investigation Of The Role Of Pastoral Women Within Tanzania's Integrated Environment And Development Landscape, Kelli Erin Rogers Jan 2023

Between Tradition And Transformation: A Feminist Investigation Of The Role Of Pastoral Women Within Tanzania's Integrated Environment And Development Landscape, Kelli Erin Rogers

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Pastoral women hold pivotal social and environmental roles within their communities. Equally and actively engaging pastoral women in processes to conserve and sustainably use rangeland resources has therefore become an important focus for integrated environment and development intervention. In northern Tanzania, pastoral women find themselves at the center of gender equality efforts, which attempt to translate gender and environment theory into conservation action that elevates pastoral women’s historically unheard voices. Along the way, particular global narratives have positioned pastoral women alternately as passive beneficiaries or as powerful allies in biodiversity conservation and natural resource management. Although the importance of integrating …


The Resilience Of American Indian And Alaska Native Older Adults In The Context Of Major Health Disparities In Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, Asthma, And Arthritis: A Narrative Review, Ennis Frank Vaile Jan 2023

The Resilience Of American Indian And Alaska Native Older Adults In The Context Of Major Health Disparities In Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, Asthma, And Arthritis: A Narrative Review, Ennis Frank Vaile

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Background: Multiple major health disparities have been documented in Indian Country, including cardiovascular disease (Howard et al., 1999), diabetes (Acton et al., 2003), asthma (Mannino et al., 2002), and arthritis (Barbour et al., 2017). Prior research has shown that the prevalence rates of these conditions in American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) are among the highest in the United States. Given these health disparities, aging older adults in Indian Country may be especially vulnerable to the development of concurrent negative mental health outcomes, particularly depression (Garrett et al., 2015). Nonetheless, AI/AN older adults continue to age successfully and exhibit substantial …


In The Weeds, Bianca J. Jensen Jan 2023

In The Weeds, Bianca J. Jensen

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.


Impacts Of Eating Disorder Recovery On Communication Of Identity Through Food, Rosemary Willett Jeter Jan 2023

Impacts Of Eating Disorder Recovery On Communication Of Identity Through Food, Rosemary Willett Jeter

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Using the Communication Theory of Identity as a framework, the purpose of this thesis was to investigate how the experience of eating disorder recovery (EDR) impacts one’s communication of identity through and about food, and perceptions of others’ communication about and through food. Purposive sampling yielded 20 adult participants who self-identified as having been in EDR for at least one year. Results from a phronetic iterative data analysis of semi-structured interviews yielded several themes. When considering how EDR influences personal communication through food, main themes include: (a) the inability to share meals creates a gap between the enacted and relational …


Impact Of Career And Technical Education On Student Lives, Jennifer L. Burtram Jan 2023

Impact Of Career And Technical Education On Student Lives, Jennifer L. Burtram

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

The traditional high school experience in the United States continues to adapt to meet the diverse needs of students. There are now a wide range of avenues to earning high school credit including online learning, hybrid classes, flipped classrooms, early college pathways, STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) models, and others. The shared goals and expectations of these various approaches to high school learning are designed for students to complete their state’s graduation requirements to earn a high school diploma while also preparing them for life after high school. Career and technical education (CTE) is another approach that is attempting …


Powered By Momma: Implementing Expressed Breast Milk For Oral Immunotherapy In A Level Iv Nicu, Whitney Anderson, Haneen Elsharif, Nicole Fletcher, Brooke Prince Jan 2023

Powered By Momma: Implementing Expressed Breast Milk For Oral Immunotherapy In A Level Iv Nicu, Whitney Anderson, Haneen Elsharif, Nicole Fletcher, Brooke Prince

2022

No abstract provided.


The Relationship Between Gluteus Maximus Activation And Running Economy In Recreational Distance Runners, Carlos Hernandez Jan 2023

The Relationship Between Gluteus Maximus Activation And Running Economy In Recreational Distance Runners, Carlos Hernandez

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Within the running community, there are strategies that a trainer will utilize to improve the performance of an athlete. One of these strategies suggests that an increase in activation of the Gluteus Maximus (GM) muscle will result in an increase in the efficiency of runners. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between GM activation and running economy (RE).

Methods: Three female and seven male recreational runners (27±8 yrs) from California Polytechnic State University, Humboldt and the local community. A Pearson product-correlation was used to determine the strength of the relationship between Gluteus Maximus activation and …


The Effects Of Physical Education On Social Outcomes In Children With Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis, Alyette J. Afont Jan 2023

The Effects Of Physical Education On Social Outcomes In Children With Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis, Alyette J. Afont

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Social outcomes are the foundation of human relationships and many children with disabilities may display deficits in the necessary behaviors to form those connections. Previous literature shows that physical activity can be an effective intervention for children with disabilities to promote social outcomes through the three domains of learning – cognitive, psychomotor, and affective. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to collect, index, and evaluate the available literature exploring how a physical education program can impact social outcomes in children with disabilities. By composing articles pertaining to social outcomes and physical education through multiple databases, researchers will be able to …


Effects Of Exergaming On Health And Fitness Outcomes For Students With Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis, Jason Abaya Jan 2023

Effects Of Exergaming On Health And Fitness Outcomes For Students With Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis, Jason Abaya

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Background: The high prevalence of obesity in America can be attributed to the lack of resources and physical activity for students with disabilities. This meta-analysis presents how current literature on exergaming affects the Health Related Fitness, Skill Related Fitness, and Motor Skills of students with a diagnosed disability.

Method: The search strategy for this meta-analysis was to identify previous studies using specific keywords (e.g., Exergaming, Wii-Fit, VR, Physical Education, Adapted Physical Education). Studies were included and sorted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results: Based on 20 studies that met the inclusion criteria, there were increased fitness outs, however not …


Who Farms The Future? Producing The Next Generation Of Agriculturalists, Jordyn L. Mcmaster Neely Jan 2023

Who Farms The Future? Producing The Next Generation Of Agriculturalists, Jordyn L. Mcmaster Neely

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

The proportion of young farmers and ranchers (ages 18-35 years old) within the agricultural workforce has been declining, raising concerns about the sustainability of the food supply. To gather more tools for solving this problem, this thesis research seeks to understand why young people want to work in agriculture by studying how they develop aspirations for an agricultural career. This thesis employed both survey and interview processes to gather data on how participants think about the field of agriculture in the context of both the challenges and opportunities for entry. Participants were asked how wide range of factors contributed to …


Impact Of Self Determination Theory Amongst Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder And Physical Activity: Modifying A Survey, Ruben Guillermo Diaz Jan 2023

Impact Of Self Determination Theory Amongst Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder And Physical Activity: Modifying A Survey, Ruben Guillermo Diaz

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Prior research has expressed concern for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who may be at risk regarding exercise and physical activity due to lack of interest, delays in motor skill development, and/or social impairment. Self Determination theory (SDT) has been suggested as an effective approach for supporting individuals with ASD across a variety of domains. SDT expresses that with the satisfaction of three fundamental psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), higher levels of intrinsic motivation will develop which will lead to enhanced development and well-being. While SDT is an effective approach to promoting motivation, it has been suggested that …


Social Buffering Of Fear In Two Mouse Models Of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Thamara C. Martinez Fernandez Jan 2023

Social Buffering Of Fear In Two Mouse Models Of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Thamara C. Martinez Fernandez

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interactions and repetitive patterns of behaviors, symptoms which manifest differently among individuals. This is due to ASD being caused by a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Although ASD is not caused by a single factor, various risk genes have been identified that are associated with particular phenotypes. Among these genes are the Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and the Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), both are involved in cellular processes that affect cell division, brain growth, and neurodevelopment. Macrocephaly and microcephaly are symptoms displayed in …


Floral Inventory And Historical Analysis Of The Fau Ecological Preserve, Hannah Mnayarji Jan 2023

Floral Inventory And Historical Analysis Of The Fau Ecological Preserve, Hannah Mnayarji

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

The ecological site at the Boca Raton campus of Florida Atlantic University, a 0.3 ����2 natural preserve site, is an excellent study in the effects of human disturbance at natural sites. A floral inventory was conducted using stratified sampling of macro plots to determine changes in biodiversity, nonnative species ratios, and wetland species ratios compared to a similar 1990 study. It was found that the site was 25.56% less biodiverse and contained 18.47% more nonnative species in the past thirty years. The percentage of wetland species found decreased 32.80% and upland species have increased by 19.86% in the same time …


Investigation Of Environmental And Genetic Factors On Circadian Rhythm And Longevity, Mia Lin Amato Jan 2023

Investigation Of Environmental And Genetic Factors On Circadian Rhythm And Longevity, Mia Lin Amato

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

Studies of longevity and behavior have been facilitated by the genetically tractable model, Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster). Disrupted circadian rhythms can be detrimental to health and lifespan by dysregulating the biological rhythms that guide behaviors such as sleeping and feeding. These stressors are associated with an increased risk for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding how circadian biology is regulated by aging may inform novel interventions for age-related diseases. In this two-part study, we first characterize the lifespan of D. melanogaster under an extended light/dark cycle to determine whether dysregulated circadian rhythms affect longevity. The second study analyzes the effect of …


A Floral Survey Of The Abacoa Gopher Tortoise Preserve, Malaika Bates Jan 2023

A Floral Survey Of The Abacoa Gopher Tortoise Preserve, Malaika Bates

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

The Abacoa Gopher Tortoise Preserve is a 60-ha section of the Abacoa Greenway (designated RangeⅠ) consisting of scrubby pine flatwood habitat. For this thesis, I used the iNaturalist app as a tool to identify and create a comprehensive list of all plant species in Range Ⅰ. I organized this information by IUCN conservation status to distinguish between invasive, native, and endemic species. I compare this list to similar floral surveys done in this preserve to obtain a view of how the composition of the preserve is changing over time. I used the initial conservation targets for the Abacoa Greenway to …


Portrayals Of Autism Spectrum Disorder In Contemporary Fiction, Lara Boerth-Dryden Jan 2023

Portrayals Of Autism Spectrum Disorder In Contemporary Fiction, Lara Boerth-Dryden

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

Literature is an integral medium through which individuals use language to create a shared experience with an audience. Writing as an act is an intimate expression of identity. So, what does it mean that there are some voices who are not equally represented and heard in literature? There is an interesting juxtaposition between literature and disabilities. Certain people with disabilities such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) struggle at communication, articulation, and interpretation. This paper seeks to analyze representations and portrayals of individuals with ASD in fiction, and compare differences in these representations based on whether the author has an ASD …


Differential Response And The Reduction Of Child Maltreatment And Foster Care Services Utilization In The U.S. From 2004 To 2017, Michelle Johnson-Motoyama, Donna K. Ginther, Rebecca Phillips, Oliver W.J. Beer, Lisa Merkel-Holguin, John Fluke Jan 2023

Differential Response And The Reduction Of Child Maltreatment And Foster Care Services Utilization In The U.S. From 2004 To 2017, Michelle Johnson-Motoyama, Donna K. Ginther, Rebecca Phillips, Oliver W.J. Beer, Lisa Merkel-Holguin, John Fluke

School of Health Professions

By 2014, the majority of U.S. states had implemented differential response (DR), a system policy that seeks to serve families of low-to moderate-risk for child maltreatment through family engagement, diversion from formal child protective services investigations, and service provision. However, the effects of DR programs on child welfare dynamics have yet to be evaluated nationally using causal methods. Using a quasi-experimental study design with data drawn from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System from 2004 to 2017, we found states with DR programs had approximately 19% fewer substantiated reports, 25% fewer children substantiated for neglect, and a 17% …


The Encyclopedia Of Neutrosophic Researchers, Vol. 6, Florentin Smarandache, Maikel Yelandi Leyva Vázquez, Jesús Estupiñán Ricardo Jan 2023

The Encyclopedia Of Neutrosophic Researchers, Vol. 6, Florentin Smarandache, Maikel Yelandi Leyva Vázquez, Jesús Estupiñán Ricardo

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Este es el Sexto volumen de la Enciclopedia de Investigadores Neutróficos, editados a partir de materiales ofrecidos por los autores que respondieron a la invitación del editor. Los autores se enumeran alfabéticamente. La introducción contiene una breve historia de la neutrosófica, y en especial se sus impacto en latinoamérica junto con enlaces a los principales artículos y libros. Conjunto neutrosófico, lógica neutrosófica, probabilidad neutrosófica, estadística neutrosófica, medida neutrosófica, precálculo neutrosófico, cálculo neutrosófico, psicología neutrosófica, sociología neutrosófica etc., están ganando una atención significativa en resolver muchos problemas de la vida real que implican incertidumbre, imprecisión, vaguedad, incompletitud, inconsistencia e indeterminación. En …


Optimal Agricultural Land Use: An Efficient Neutrosophic Linear Programming Method, Maisam Jdid, Florentin Smarandache Jan 2023

Optimal Agricultural Land Use: An Efficient Neutrosophic Linear Programming Method, Maisam Jdid, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

The increase in the size of the problems facing humans, their overlap, the division of labor, the multiplicity of departments, as well as the diversity of products and commodities, led to the complexity of business and the emergence of many administrative and production problems. It was necessary to search for appropriate methods to confront these problems. The science of operations research, with its diverse methods, provided the optimal solutions. It addresses many problems and helps in making scientific and thoughtful decisions to carry out the work in the best way within the available capabilities. Operations research is one of the …


Status And Challenges Of Tribal Education In Jungle Mahal: A Statistical Analysis, Rajib Kumar Guin Jan 2023

Status And Challenges Of Tribal Education In Jungle Mahal: A Statistical Analysis, Rajib Kumar Guin

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

In this paper, a picture of tribal enrolment in schools and higher education in four tribal-dominated districts of West Bengal, namely Paschim Medinipur, Jhargram, Purulia, and Bankura, collectively known as "Jungle Mahal" is analysed through various statistical data. It is examined by the statistical data that the tribals here, especially the female tribals, are still lagging in literacy rate and average enrollment in every level of education in comparison to India and West Bengal. The dropout rate of tribal students in that region at every level of schooling is much higher than the national and state rates. Apart from this, …


Knowledge Sharing And Referral Practices By Traditional Birth Attendants In Low-Income Urban Areas Of Southwest Nigeria, Janet O. Adekannbi, Joy O. Oluwafemi Jan 2023

Knowledge Sharing And Referral Practices By Traditional Birth Attendants In Low-Income Urban Areas Of Southwest Nigeria, Janet O. Adekannbi, Joy O. Oluwafemi

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Traditional birth attendants (TBAs) are important for maternal health care especially in Africa’s low-income areas. Without doubt, the relevance of TBAs in developing countries such as Nigeria is not expected to reduce in the foreseeable future. The knowledge of traditional birth attendants will continue to be needed and considering the tacit nature of their knowledge, there is a need to preserve the knowledge in this profession and promote sharing of best practices to prevent maternal mortality issues. This study investigated the knowledge sharing (KS) and referral practices of TBAs in low-income urban areas of South-west Nigeria. Qualitative approach was adopted …


Effectiveness Of Management Program Of Chronic Functional Constipation In Children Who Are Attending The Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic At Elbeheira Specialized Children's Hospital, Hamouda E. El-Gazzar, Sabreen Ahmed Ali Elsaka, Eman Adel Elsaid Elhaddad Jan 2023

Effectiveness Of Management Program Of Chronic Functional Constipation In Children Who Are Attending The Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic At Elbeheira Specialized Children's Hospital, Hamouda E. El-Gazzar, Sabreen Ahmed Ali Elsaka, Eman Adel Elsaid Elhaddad

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background: A chronic constipation is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal complaints in pediatric outpatient clinics. The prevalence of childhood constipation in the general population ranges widely from 0.7% to 29.6% internationally. Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic at Elbeheira specialized children's Hospital is a referral center from the whole governorate. Objectives: To evaluate the current approach to management, risk factors associated, and clinical characteristics, the challenge of functional constipation in the pediatrics who are attending the Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic at Elbeheira Specialized Children's Hospital. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic at Elbeheira Children's Specialized Hospital for 6 …


Assessing Serum Ferritin Together With Some Inflammatory Biomarkers In Overweight And Obese Hospital Care Workers At Elgalaa Teaching Hospital And Its Correlation With Metabolic Syndrome, Sahar Mohamed Said Elbayoumi, Hanan Farouk, Heba Abdelaziz Jan 2023

Assessing Serum Ferritin Together With Some Inflammatory Biomarkers In Overweight And Obese Hospital Care Workers At Elgalaa Teaching Hospital And Its Correlation With Metabolic Syndrome, Sahar Mohamed Said Elbayoumi, Hanan Farouk, Heba Abdelaziz

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Obesity is known to be associated with elevated levels of inflammatory markers. One of the major problems associated with morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was to assess the posing effect of obesity on the levels of serum ferritin, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL, triglycerides, HBA1C, CRP, and Uric acid with CBC, on random well-being colleague females. Patient and methods: 100 adult female health workers were categorized into three entities according to both BMI and waist circumference, as normal, overweight, and obese. Results: increased serum ferritin as an inflammatory marker might correlate to BMI, in juniors; and might …


Association Between Weight Status And Multimorbidity In Women At Reproductive Age Group Attending Phccs In Baghdad 2019, Athraa Yassin, Mohammed Al-Bayati Jan 2023

Association Between Weight Status And Multimorbidity In Women At Reproductive Age Group Attending Phccs In Baghdad 2019, Athraa Yassin, Mohammed Al-Bayati

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

BACKGROUND:  Multimorbidity defined as (simultaneous occurrence of two or more chronic health conditions in    the same person without defining a primary disease) is a growing concern worldwide, with approximately 1 in 4 adults affected, associated with costly prolonged care and increased mortality and morbidity. These negative consequences affect individuals, households, and the whole society. OBJECTIVE: To describe the association between multimorbidity and weight status in women of reproductive age attending PHCCs in Baghdad. METHODS: Cross-sectional study was carried out among a random sample of women aged 15–49-year-old who attended 8 PHCCs in Baghdad from the March 1st to July 30th, …


Hepatitis A Encephalopathy Clinical And Laboratory Study Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Zainab Al Khalifa, Dhiaa Al Beldawi Jan 2023

Hepatitis A Encephalopathy Clinical And Laboratory Study Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Zainab Al Khalifa, Dhiaa Al Beldawi

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis A virus is a small spherical non‐enveloped virus classified under the family Picornaviridae . It is highly contagious. Transmission is by person to-person contact through the fecal–oral route. Poor sanitation and personal hygiene, and consumption of contaminated food and water, are                   the commonest causes of HAV transmission. It is a viral liver disease that has a clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic infection to fulminant hepatitis and hepatic encephalopathy which is possibly reversible with treatment. The implementation of routine vaccination of children seems,              in the long term, the most reasonable way to get recurrent outbreaks under control. AIM OF …


Chemotherapy Induced Myelosuppression After First Cycle Of Adjuvant Chemotherapy For Non- Metastatic Breast Cancer, Marwa Mohammed, Adil Al Aqabi Jan 2023

Chemotherapy Induced Myelosuppression After First Cycle Of Adjuvant Chemotherapy For Non- Metastatic Breast Cancer, Marwa Mohammed, Adil Al Aqabi

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Chemotherapy makes cancer patients at risk of developing myelosuppression which may cause delay in treatment and dose reduction.AIM OF THE STUDY: To assess tendency for chemotherapy induced cytopenia after the first cycle of chemotherapy in non-metastatic breast cancer patients.PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective observational study included 152 patients diagnosed with breast cancer and planned to receive adjuvant chemotherapy in form of Adriamycin / cyclophosphamide (AC) based chemotherapy, all of them with normal complete blood count pre chemotherapy and were observed by recording their absolute neutrophil count, hemoglobin and platelet count …


Assessment Of The Nutritional Status & The Dietary Pattern Of The Under 5 Years Old Children With Sickle Cell Disease In Basrah Center For Hereditary Blood Diseases, Ban Al Hashimi, Hayat Al Mousawi, Zainab Kadhim Jan 2023

Assessment Of The Nutritional Status & The Dietary Pattern Of The Under 5 Years Old Children With Sickle Cell Disease In Basrah Center For Hereditary Blood Diseases, Ban Al Hashimi, Hayat Al Mousawi, Zainab Kadhim

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

BACKGROUND: Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) were more liable to growth impairment as compared with healthy children as result of increased energy demand, endocrine and inadequate dietary intake OBJECTIVE: To assess nutritional status, dietary pattern of children with SCD and to determine the relationship between sociodemograghic characteristics & nutritional status of the children.  PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study conducted in Basrah center for hereditary blood diseases to evaluate                    the nutritional status of 60 patients all under 5 years with SCD by anthropometrics measurement, use of WHO growth charts,  prestructured questionnaire and assess their dietary intake depending on …


How Doctoral Students With Low Gre Scores Succeed: A Grounded Theory Study, Dea Mulolli, June E. Gothberg Jan 2023

How Doctoral Students With Low Gre Scores Succeed: A Grounded Theory Study, Dea Mulolli, June E. Gothberg

The Qualitative Report

Most U.S. graduate schools rely on the Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) to predict readiness for graduate degree programs and differentiate between applicants in verbal and quantitative reasoning, critical thinking, and analytical writing skills. Many times, low GRE scores create a barrier to entry into U.S. graduate programs despite research showing that selecting graduate applicants based solely on academic metric thresholds does not guarantee graduate student performance and many low scorers still attain a graduate degree on time (Miller et al., 2019b; Pacheco et al., 2017; Petersen et al., 2018; Wang et al, 2013). In this study, we used a constructivist …