Digital Commons Network^™

Research Progress On The Protective Effect And Mechanism Of Inulin Against Liver Injury, Yun Hang, Guo Yifan, Wang Peiwen, Xu Yanrui

Food and Machinery

Liver injury is caused by one or more factors acting on the liver,damaging liver cells and resulting in pathological changes in the liver,as well as elevated serum transaminases.In severe cases,it may lead to liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy.Inulin is a common dietary fiber with various biological activities,including anti -inflammatory,antioxidant,anti -cancer properties,and the regulation of gut microbiota.These biological activities are closely related to the protection of liver health.This article reviews the protective effects of inulin against various types of liver injury,summarizes the mechanisms underlying its protective effects on the liver,and looks forward to future research directions.

Political Ecologies Of The Livestock Industry, Jecca Bowen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the United States today, livestock production is dominated by an intensified, industrialized production paradigm whose growth in recent decades has utterly transformed the logistical realities and community impacts of animal agriculture. This dissertation investigates the effects of this production paradigm on livestock producers—whose decision-making is shaped by multi-scalar and often contradictory forces—as well as residents living near these large operations. To do so, I draw upon mixed-methods fieldwork, including in-depth interviews, spatial analysis, and field odor measurements in Weld and Morgan Counties in northern Colorado. I also use political ecologies of emotion, embodiment, and health to examine the complex …

Implementation And Evaluation Of A Weight Management Programme For Overweight Or Obese Pregnant Women: A Randomised Controlled Trial, Elahe Banafshe, Nahid Javadifar, Zahra Abbaspoor, Saeed Ghanbari, Majid Karandish

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal

Objectives: Obesity is a major health concern, particularly among women of reproductive age. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a psychosocial-based intervention on weight management and pregnancy outcomes in overweight or obese pregnant women. Methods: This randomised controlled trial included overweight or obese pregnant women from healthcare centres affiliated with Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz, Iran and was conducted from June to December 2023. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. The intervention group received a comprehensive weight management programme during pregnancy, while the control group received standard prenatal care. Results …

Enhancing Delirium Prediction And Prevention In Elderly Patients Through Machine Learning-Based Analysis, Abdullah M. Al Alawi, Juhaina S. Al Maqbali

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal

Objective: This study aimed to identify predictors of delirium within 24 hours of admission in elderly patients using machine learning (ML) models and evaluate their performance. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted among patients aged 65 years and older admitted to the general medical unit of Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, from January 2022 to May 2023. Clinical and demographic data were collected and analysed using 4 ML models: logistic regression, random forest, gradient boosting and support vector machine. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score and area under the curve-receiver operating characteristic …

Supercritical Co2 Technology For Biomass Extraction: Review, Bahare Nozari, Ron Kander

School of Design and Engineering Papers

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is increasingly recognized as a green and efficient alternative to conventional solvent-based techniques for valorizing plant biomass. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in a scCO₂ extraction method, focusing on its advantages in isolating high-value compounds from agricultural feedstocks. The unique physicochemical properties of scCO₂, combining gas-like diffusivity with liquid-like solvating power, enable selective extraction under mild and tunable conditions, which preserves the integrity of thermally sensitive molecules. In addition, scCO₂ reduces energy consumption, eliminates toxic solvent residues, and offers greater extraction precision than traditional methods. These features have …

Effects Of Oil Content On Dough And Fermentation Characteristics, Liang Yongxia, Luo Wenyun, Huang Zeyu, Zeng Zicong, Li Dongming

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To investigate the influence of oil content on the characteristics of dough made of flour with different qualities.［Methods］ Camellia oil and butter are used as raw materials,and incorporated into flour at different proportions (mass fractions of 0%,1%,2%,3%,and 4%,respectively ).The control group consists of flour without oil added.The properties of the dough are analyzed using the farinograph,viscosity analyzer,rheometer,and other instruments.［Results］ Compared with the control group,the water absorption capacity and wet gluten content of the dough significantly decrease (P<0.05),and the pasting and tensile properties of the dough are markedly altered (P<0.05) when the oil content reaches 4%.When the oil content is 3%,there is no significant change in the formation time or stabilization time of the dough,while the fermentation performance of the dough is notably enhanced.［Conclusion］ The addition of oil facilitates the formation and stabilization of the gluten network,enhances the stability of the dough,delays its aging process,and significantly improves its properties.These effects are more pronounced compared to those observed in the butter -supplemented group.

Effects Of Heat Moist Treatment On Γ-Aminobutyric Acid Accumulation , Polyphenol Content , And Antioxidant Activity Of Red Kidney Beans, Zhang Siqi, Zhou Sumei, Hou Dianzhi, Cui Yajun, Wang Li

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To investigate the effect of heat moist treatment on the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA ) content of different varieties of red kidney beans and to screen out the red kidney bean varieties with the strongest GABA accumulation capacity.At the same time,the changes in phenolic content and antioxidant activity of red kidney beans after heat moist treatment are investigated.［Methods］ This paper determines the GABA content in red kidney beans before and after heat moist treatment by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC ) and conducts correlation analyses of GABA accumulation with free amino acid content and GABA key metabolic enzyme activities in …

Research Progress On Methods For Evaluating The Effect Of Milk Desensitization, Xu Chenyu, Lu Dingqiang, Wang Qian, Li Ming, Wu Wenling, Song Qingwei

Food and Machinery

Food allergies are becoming an increasingly serious issue,and milk,as one of the major allergens,severely affects the daily lives of individuals with allergies.This article reviews the recent research progress on methods for assessing the desensitization of milk allergenicity from the perspectives of protein structural changes,IgE/IgG binding capacity,animal sensitization models,in vitro digestion models,and cell degranulation assays.It also looks forward to the future directions of research on methods for evaluating the effectiveness of milk desensitization.

Staff Education Program On Care Transitions For The Elderly, Emmanoela Mugha

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This project was developed as a staff education program using the analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate (ADDIE) model with a focus on discharge planning in a medical clinic in northern Maryland. There is a gap in discharge planning for older adults due to shortage of providers and inadequate education related to care transitions among the elderly. The care transition process can be improved through education. The practice focused question was: “Does an educational project for nurses on care transitions for the elderly increase knowledge as compared pre-to post education?” The Johns Hopkins evidence-based practice model (Appendix A) was the …

The Impact Of Temperature Induced Vertebral Anomalies On C-Start Swimming Performance In Astyanax Mexicanus (Teleostei: Characidae), Kaleigh Arnold

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

This study investigates the impact that temperature-induced vertebral anomalies have on the C-start escape response of Astyanax mexicanus, a model species in evolutionary developmental biology. Employing three temperature treatments to induce varying degrees of skeletal anomalies, we assessed their effects on key swimming performance metrics including, C-start time, the curvature coefficient, head displacement distance, and displacement velocity. Through the use of linear mixed models (LMMs) and generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), our results reveal that specific anomalies such as vertebral fusions and anomalous haemal and neural spines affected the curving ability of c-start escape responses, however, these did not negatively …

Gi, Pain, Anxiety, And Mood Symptoms Among Youth With Fapds, Helen Bedree

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

Pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) frequently persist into adulthood, thus developmental considerations are critical for monitoring symptom presentation and tailoring treatments. In addition to core symptoms, such as pain and gastrointestinal symptoms, mood and anxiety symptoms often co-occur as well as negative impacts on functioning and quality of life. The current study took a developmental approach to assess core pain, gastrointestinal, anxiety, and mood symptoms among youth with FAPDs (N = 105), as well as agreement across youth and their caregivers on these key symptoms. Developmental stages included early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, and emerging adulthood. A cluster …

Comparative Effects Of Combustible Cigarette Versus Electronic Cigarette Exposures On Kras Mutant Lung Cancer Promotion, Walter V Velasco, Maria T Grimaldo, Nastaran Karimi, Michael J Clowers, Avantika Krishna, Ranran Wu, Rahmah Ejaz, Bo Yuan, Segundo Del Aguila, Iman Bouchelkia, Javier Eduardo Moreno Barragan, Katherine E Larsen, Yasmina Rezai, Farbod Khalaj, Kyler Mitra, Carlos Reyna Rodriguez, Ricardo Millares, Angelica Baca De Anda, Susana Castro-Pando, Umesh C Karandikar, Joseph F Petrosino, Florencia Mcallister, Humam Kadara, Edwin J Ostrin, Johannes F Fahrmann, Kristi Louise Hoffman, Seyed Javad Moghaddam

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Despite the emerging public health concern related to the use of electronic cigarette vapors (ECV), its impact on lung cancer is poorly understood. We assessed the effect of ECV on lung tumorigenesis in a mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma. Mice were exposed to either room air, combustible cigarette smoke (CCS), or ECV 2 hours daily for 8 weeks at which lung samples were harvested and studied for different outcomes. We found that CCS, but not ECV, led to a significant increase in tumor burden. Immunophenotyping of both CCS- and ECV-exposed lungs displayed pronounced pro-tumor immunosuppressive phenotypes, characterized by significantly decreased …

Attitudes Toward Pig Islet Xenotransplantation For Type 1 Diabetes: A Scoping Review, Daniel J Hurst, Daniel Rodger, Luz A Padilla, Fernando Ovalle

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

BACKGROUND: Over 8 million people globally have type 1 diabetes. Islet allotransplantation offers an alternative to insulin therapy but is constrained by donor availability. Genetically modified pig islet transplantation presents a potential solution, yet understanding stakeholder attitudes is crucial before clinical adoption.

METHODS: This scoping review followed Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA guidelines. CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, PsychINFO, and SCOPUS were searched for studies examining attitudes toward pig islet xenotransplantation among patients, healthcare workers, and other stakeholders.

RESULTS: From 199 sources, 16 met eligibility criteria, spanning ten countries from 2003 to 2023. The 23,780 participants included 1,535 (6.5%) patients/family members, …

Equal Rights And Protections In Human Subjects Research: A Call To Action, Leslie E. Wolf, Laura M. Beskow

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Prisoners, Patients, And Privatization: Accountability For Corrections Contractors Under The New Mexico Civil Rights Act, Mayalyn Durham

New Mexico Law Review

New Mexico dedicates significant resources to incarceration—particularly with respect to prison medical care. Although New Mexico has mostly transitioned away from privately operated prisons, the New Mexico Corrections Department (NMCD) continues to contract with various corporations to provide health services in state-owned prisons. Not surprisingly, the private contractors’ cost-saving measures often result in the provision of grossly inadequate healthcare that constitutes cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment. Prisoner litigation under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, however, is fraught with substantive and procedural barriers to recovery. The New Mexico Civil Rights Act (NMCRA or “the Act”) provides an avenue of …

Loss Of Neuropeptide F (Npf) Signaling Reduces The Strength Of Circadian Rest-Activity Rhythms But Not Feeding-Fasting Rhythms, Katelyn Ann Wendt

Master's Theses

The circadian system governs crucial physiological and behavioral processes, dictating activities like movement, hormone release, and sleep patterns over a 24-hour cycle. Disruptions to these rhythms can lead to various health problems, including cardiometabolic dysfunction. Research has demonstrated the presence of circadian rhythms of feeding behavior in diverse organisms, but the specific molecules involved are not yet identified. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) influences metabolic activity in mammals, and its counterpart, NPF, affects locomotor activity and feeding in Drosophila melanogaster. Our study aims to investigate whether NPF, its receptor (NPFR), and NPF-expressing cells play a role in regulating circadian rest-activity and feeding-fasting …

Associations Between 24-Hour Movement Compositions And Cardiometabolic Health In Children And Adolescents: A Five-Part Compositional Analysis Using Data From The International Children’S Accelerometery Database (Icad), Zoë A. Marshall, Adam Runacres, Pedro Curi Hallal, Russ Jago, Soyang Kwon, Kate Northstone, Russell R. Pate, Jardena Puder, John J. Reilly, Luis B. Sardinha, Niels Wedderkopp, Ester Van Slujis

Faculty Publications

Objectives The benefits of physical activity (PA) and the negative impacts of sedentary time (SED) on health in youth are well established. However, uncertainty remains surrounding how PA and SED jointly influence cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors. The aim of this study was to determine the joint influence of SED, light-, moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA (LPA, MPA and VPA), and sleep on CMR factors using five-part compositional analyses.

Methods Data were pooled from 16 cohort studies comprising 22 474 children and adolescents from the International Children’s Accelerometery Database. PA was measured using hip-mounted accelerometers with sleep self-reported. CMRs included body mass …

Functional Characterization Of Uncharacterized Essential Genes In The Oral Pathogen Streptococcus Mutans, Courtney Dover

Student Theses and Dissertations

Streptococcus mutans is a pathogen associated with the formation of dental caries, and its genome contains many uncharacterized genes, including some which are classified as essential genes. These genes are required for the growth of the organism. Characterizing the function of these genes is important for understanding the organism, as well as identifying potential antimicrobial targets. This project used a CRISPRi (CRISPR interference) system to repress seven experimentally uncharacterized genes within the S. mutans genome and investigated the effects of their repression via RNA-seq transcriptomics, phylogenetic analysis, and TEM. The gene annotated as SMU_393 was then prioritized for further analysis …

The Promotion Of Physical Activity For Use In Alzheimer's Disease Prevention Trials In Adults With Down Syndrome: Results From A 12-Month Randomized Trial., Lauren T. Ptomey, Brian C. Helsel, Richard A. Washburn, Robert N. Montgomery, Ron Krebill, Jessica C. Danon, Joseph R. Sherman, Daniel Forsha, Amy Bodde, Amanda N. Szabo-Reed, Anna M. Gorczyca, Joseph E. Donnelly

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of death in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) may prevent or delay the onset of AD. Therefore, we evaluated the potential effectiveness of a remotely delivered home-based group exercise (≈8/group) to increase daily MVPA and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults with DS to a level that may be associated with delaying AD in adults with DS.

METHODS: Adults with DS ((n = 81, age ≈27 years 55% female) without dementia were randomized (2:2:1) to a 12-month intervention, which included 40-min exercise sessions scheduled once (remote low …

Weather Impacts On Specialty Fruit Wholesale Prices, Oladayo Daniel Oluleye

LSU Master's Theses

This article investigates the relationship between temperature and precipitation variability and wholesale specialty fruit prices in the United States. Using fixed-effects panel regression and a comprehensive dataset of monthly price observations across ten major U.S. wholesale markets (Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia and San Francisco) from 2000 to 2019, we examine how weather fluctuations affect wholesale market prices for five fruits including apples, avocados, grapes, oranges, and strawberries. Our analysis categorizes temperature into discrete bins representing the number of days per month within specific temperature ranges. The results show that extreme temperatures, particularly above …

Yield And Pungency Of Eight Onion Varieties And Their Response To Sulfur Fertilizer On Fine-Textured Soil, Charlie Rohwer, Jesen Hosch, Brianna Hayward, Cindy Tong

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

Onions are notable for their pungency, caused by sulfur-containing compounds. Fine-textured soils high in organic matter, or soils fertilized with organic amendments, are unlikely to require additional sulfur for maximum onion yield. We were interested in the impacts of additional sulfur (in such a situation, unlikely to be sulfur-limited) on pungency, soluble solids, and yield in eight onion varieties. We carried out a study in 2024 in southern Minnesota, designed as a split-plot (onion variety as the whole-plot) with four replicates. Heavy rainfall caused substantial unmarketability in our trial, with ‘Ringmaster’ suffering the most loss (11% of planted ‘Ringmaster’ were …

Strengthening Global Health Education In The Uae: Assessing The Current Landscape And Future Directions, Ali Artaman, Hillani T. Bekele, Ross Millar

All Works

Global health is a growing area of interest for the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Given its location in the Middle East and its geographical proximity to developing sub-Saharan countries, the country is in a strategic position to contribute to global health agendas. Yet despite an increasing emphasis on global health policy, the availability of global health education programs at UAE universities remains limited. The aim of this Perspective is to raise awareness and understanding about the importance of the issue. Reflecting on the current landscape, it argues that it is crucial for higher education institutions in the UAE to better …

A Family Navigator Improves Post-Discharge Treatment Adherence Among Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa: A Pilot Study, Elizabeth V Franklin, Margaret Mathias, Duc T Nguyen, Albert C Hergenroeder, Constance M Wiemann

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Adolescent patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Atypical Anorexia Nervosa (AAN) admitted to an inpatient medical unit are at risk of relapse if they do not receive follow up treatment. Yet treatment adherence following discharge remains poor. One possible reason for poor treatment adherence is insufficient support for parents. This pilot study explored the preliminary impact of a novel family navigator (FN) intervention on adolescent patient treatment adherence following inpatient care.

Methods: This was a pilot prospective study with a retrospective control cohort. Twenty-three adolescent patients with AN or AAN discharging from an Adolescent Medicine inpatient medical unit whose …

Common Aav Gene Therapy Vectors Show Nonselective Transduction Of Ex Vivo Human Brain Tissue, J P Mcginnis, Joshua Ortiz-Guzman, Maria Camila Guevara, Sai Mallannagari, Benjamin D W Belfort, Suyang Bao, Snigdha Srivastava, Maria Morkas, Emily Ji, Angela Addison, Evelyne K Tantry, Sarah Chen, Ying Wang, Zihong Chen, Kalman A Katlowitz, Jeffrey J Lange, Melissa M Blessing, Carrie A Mohila, M Cecilia Ljungberg, Guillermo Aldave, Ali Jalali, Akash Patel, Sameer A Sheth, Howard L Weiner, Shankar Gopinath, Ganesh Rao, Akdes Serin Harmanci, Daniel J Curry, Benjamin R Arenkiel

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The ability to deliver a therapeutic sequence to a specific cell type in the human brain would make possible innumerable therapeutic options for some of our most challenging diseases; however, studies on adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector tropism have generally relied on animal models with limited translational utility. For this reason, establishing the tropism of common adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors in living human brain tissue serves as an important baseline for further optimization, as well as a determination of human brain cell types transduced by clinically approved gene therapy vectors AAV2 and AAV9. We have adapted an

No Evidence For Pape-Induced Jumping Performance Enhancement Following Isometric And Treadmill Warm-Ups In Team Sport Athletes, Artur Terbalyan, Adam Maszczyk, Robert Krzysztof Roczniok

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: This study aimed to determine whether an isometric PAPE‐based warm-up could enhance jumping performance compared to a traditional treadmill jogging warm-up in team sport athletes. The primary focus was on assessing neuromuscular activation and performance indicators such as jump height and force asymmetry. Materials and Methods: Fifty-three athletes from basketball, volleyball, handball, and soccer participated in a controlled, parallel-group experiment. Participants performed either a unilateral isometric warm-up protocol – comprising two sets of four exercises per leg– or a 5‐minute treadmill jogging session, with jump performance assessed via countermovement jump tests on dual force plates. A split-plot ANOVA was …

Impact Of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates On Plant Growth And Yield Of Organic Kale And Swiss Chard In Vertical Farming System, Andruw Jones, Sai Prakash Naroju, Dilip Nandwani, Anthony Witcher, Shahidullah Chowdhary

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

To support the growing global population, sustainable farming methods like vertical farming must complement traditional agriculture. This study evaluated the effects of various nitrogen fertilizer application rates (N_low (1055.3 ppm), N_rec (1640.9 ppm), N_high (2811.3 ppm), and N_0 (469.9 ppm)) on organic kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala ‘Lacinato’) and Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. Vulgaris ‘Ruby/Rhubarb Red’), grown in a vertical growing system installed in a high tunnel during the spring and fall season of 2023 at the organic farm of Tennessee State University. Growth parameters studied included fresh weight, Brix, chlorophyll, plant height, and leaf count. Most parameters …

Multigenerational Exposure To Glyphosate Has Only Modest Effects On Life-History Traits, Stress Tolerance And Microbiome In A Field Cricket, J. W. Whitlock, P. M. Orwin, Z. R. Stahlschmidt

Pacific Faculty Work

Glyphosate is the most used herbicide worldwide, and it can be toxic to off-target species, such as insects. Although GLY-based herbicides (GBHs) can influence insect microbiomes, little is known about its cascading effects on fitness-related traits, such as life history or stress tolerance, especially in the context of long-term, multigenerational exposure. Thus, we exposed the variable field cricket, Gryllus lineaticeps, to GBH within and across generations to examine the potential role of GBH in developmental plasticity and evolution. Specifically, we measured its effects on life-history traits (e.g. developmental duration, adult body size and mass, and a life-history trade-off between investment …

Working Mothers And Children’S Social-Emotional Development: Struggling With Family And Job Roles In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Ignasia Paskal Mbatta

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This study aimed at examining the socio-emotional development of employed mothers’ children in the metropolis of Dar es Salaam. Early childhood socio-emotional development is crucial for shaping a child’s short- and long-term well-being, relationships, and overall mental health. An exploratory qualitative approach employing a phenomenological design, guided this study. In-depth interviews, documentary reviews, and active participant observation were used to collect data. The study sample comprised of 42 working mothers, 9 domestic workers, and 90 children under five years of age of the same mothers. Purposive sampling was used to select working mothers, while domestic workers were selected incidentally. The …

Captured And Enhanced Potentials Of Wild Edible Fruits In Tabora Rural, Uyui And Sikonge Districts, Tabora In Tanzania, Mirau N. Mbise

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Rural communities worldwide supplement food and income through wild edible fruits. However, the paucity of scientific inquiry on the perceptions and uses of wild edible fruits, value-addition, and marketing prompted this study. It interviewed respondents from 274 households in Tabora rural, Sikonge, and Uyui districts in the Tabora region of Tanzania. Descriptive and quantitative analyses were undertaken, and results showed that wild edible fruit activities are perceived to be for women, children, and less-educated people. Furthermore, the findings indicated that 100% (n = 274) of the respondents use wild edible fruits as food, and 48.6% (n = 133) use them …

Nafld Surveillance In The Alaska Native/American Indian Population, Wileina Saumara Rhodes

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In the United States, the prevalence of NAFLD is estimated at 24% of the population, and by 2030, the incidence of NAFLD will increase to 100.9 million cases. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and rate of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression in the Alaska Native/ American Indian population (AN/AI) with and without elevated liver function tests. Two research questions guided the study: Do outcomes (abnormal/normal) of LFTs, A1C, lipids, BMI, and inflammatory markers predict or have a relationship with NAFLD progression? Does NAFLD surveillance have a relationship with the patient’s outcome as measured by the NAFLD Fibrosis …