Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (155690)
- Law (103319)
- Arts and Humanities (99878)
- Education (96259)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (57047)
-
- Communication (41370)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (40779)
- Life Sciences (40107)
- Higher Education (35309)
- Business (33403)
- Engineering (32948)
- Sociology (25418)
- Library and Information Science (23824)
- History (23737)
- Psychology (18534)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (16276)
- Journalism Studies (15435)
- Mass Communication (14841)
- Computer Sciences (13699)
- Political Science (12881)
- Religion (12838)
- Public Health (12357)
- Art and Design (11649)
- Medical Specialties (10586)
- Educational Administration and Supervision (10408)
- Curriculum and Instruction (9782)
- Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies (9779)
- Film and Media Studies (9100)
- English Language and Literature (8632)
- Medical Sciences (8528)
- Institution
-
- University of Montana (42853)
- Brigham Young University (19120)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (16700)
- University of Mississippi (15847)
- University of South Florida (15167)
-
- Rochester Institute of Technology (13415)
- University of New Mexico (13103)
- San Jose State University (13031)
- Georgia Southern University (12857)
- University of New Hampshire (11278)
- University of Central Florida (10042)
- Eastern Illinois University (9717)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (9656)
- University of Dayton (9562)
- Utah State University (8781)
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (8659)
- Louisiana State University (8025)
- Purdue University (7924)
- Bowling Green State University (7794)
- Nova Southeastern University (7656)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (7323)
- University of South Carolina (7219)
- Walden University (7146)
- University of Kentucky (7052)
- Universitas Indonesia (6533)
- Portland State University (6457)
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale (6424)
- Western Michigan University (6379)
- Clemson University (6179)
- Liberty University (6134)
- Keyword
-
- Press release; media release; press statement; news media information (30839)
- Newspaper (13691)
- Student newspaper (8918)
- Newsletter (7364)
- Education (7293)
-
- Bowling Green State University (5515)
- EIU (5134)
- Humans (4971)
- Spartan Daily (4726)
- COVID-19 (4697)
- History (4683)
- Higher education (4612)
- Georgia Southern University (4583)
- Media (4536)
- Social media (4517)
- BG News (4345)
- Eastern Illinois University (4158)
- Daily Eastern News (4121)
- B.G. News (3748)
- College student newspapers and periodicals (3658)
- Technology (3628)
- United States (3496)
- Student Newspaper (3493)
- Newspapers (3465)
- News (3377)
- Gender (3376)
- Communication (3317)
- Faculty (3192)
- Latin America (2984)
- Student newspapers (2959)
- Publication Year
-
- 2026 (25515)
- 2025 (36869)
- 2024 (38869)
- 2023 (39313)
- 2022 (39378)
-
- 2021 (40820)
- 2020 (38852)
- 2019 (37409)
- 2018 (37857)
- 2017 (36742)
- 2016 (38569)
- 2015 (33418)
- 2014 (30774)
- 2013 (29293)
- 2012 (27930)
- 2011 (23674)
- 2010 (22413)
- 2009 (21052)
- 2008 (19601)
- 2007 (17826)
- 2006 (16305)
- 2005 (14516)
- 2004 (13418)
- 2003 (12237)
- 2002 (11294)
- 2001 (10637)
- 2000 (10346)
- 1999 (9237)
- 1998 (9066)
- 1997 (8577)
- Publication
-
- University of Montana News Releases, 1928, 1956-present (30900)
- Theses and Dissertations (26701)
- Theses (10267)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (9652)
- Faculty Publications (8283)
-
- Daily Mississippian (all digitized issues) (6868)
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (6482)
- Faculty Scholarship (6120)
- Dissertations (5987)
- Articles (5200)
- Masters Theses (4481)
- BG News (Student Newspaper) (4462)
- Honors Theses (4133)
- Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal) (4084)
- Spartan Daily (School of Journalism and Mass Communications) (4078)
- Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD) (4029)
- News Releases (3612)
- Media Relations (3542)
- Children's Book and Media Review (3511)
- USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations (3356)
- Master's Theses (3261)
- Doctoral Dissertations and Projects (3161)
- University Publications (3139)
- Publications and Research (3082)
- LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations (3037)
- The Murray Ledger & Times (2963)
- Graduate Theses and Dissertations (2944)
- Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD) (2809)
- University of Montana Course Syllabi, 2021-2025 (2706)
- Montana Kaimin, 1898-present (2631)
- Publication Type
Articles 7141 - 7170 of 933493
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Middle School English Language Arts Teacher Perceptions About Literacy Self-Efficacy, Carrie Beth Buchanan
Middle School English Language Arts Teacher Perceptions About Literacy Self-Efficacy, Carrie Beth Buchanan
ETDs from 2020-2029
Historically, research has shown that teacher self-efficacy positively influences student achievement (Gibson & Dembo, 1984; Tschannen-Moran et al., 1998; Muijs & Reynolds, 2001). With the sudden shift to digital instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic and the changes in literacy practices and assessment, teachers have been required to implement new instructional strategies. Grounded in Bandura’s (1977) self-efficacy theory, my research explored how mastery experiences and teacher mindsets influence student success in this changing environment. This study employed an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design to investigate the perceptions of current middle school English Language Arts (MS ELA) teachers about their literacy self-efficacy. Data …
The Healthcare Transition Experiences Of Emerging Adults With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, Leslie Noojin Pitts
The Healthcare Transition Experiences Of Emerging Adults With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, Leslie Noojin Pitts
ETDs from 2020-2029
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of disorders characterized by enzyme deficiencies impairing adrenal hormone production and requiring lifelong management. Individuals with CAH experience increased morbidity and mortality due to the underlying condition, steroid exposure, and inadequate preventative care. Despite clinical guidelines recommending a structured healthcare transition (HCT), little is known about the HCT experiences of emerging adults with CAH. Understanding these experiences is critical for identifying practice gaps and developing interventions to improve health outcomes. This qualitative descriptive study explored the HCT experiences, challenges, and outcomes of emerging adults with CAH, as guided by the refined Social Ecological …
Handheld Hyperspectral Imaging Dataset Of Annual Sowthistle And Little Mallow Under Abiotic Stress For Machine Learning, Elijah Brunnengraeber, Tyler Cassidy, Dylan Woodbridge, Arun D. Jani, Arun K. Sharma
Handheld Hyperspectral Imaging Dataset Of Annual Sowthistle And Little Mallow Under Abiotic Stress For Machine Learning, Elijah Brunnengraeber, Tyler Cassidy, Dylan Woodbridge, Arun D. Jani, Arun K. Sharma
Biology, Agriculture and Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations
Machine learning has become an increasingly important tool for overcoming agricultural challenges by enabling efficient and consistent classification of crop-related data. Training such supervised models requires high quality labeled datasets. This work presents a dataset consisting of raw and preprocessed hyperspectral imaging (HSI) files capturing reflectance in the visible to near-infrared range (400–1000 nm) from two problematic weed species on California’s Central Coast: annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) and little mallow (Malva parviflora). Hyperspectral imaging provides rich spectral-spatial data cubes that can support the development of deep learning models and autonomous technology for precision weed management. Plants …
Hannah Bloch-Wehba, Hannah Bloch-Wehba
Randy D. Gordon, Randy D. Gordon
Nicholas Handler, Nicholas Handler
Glynn S. Lunney, Jr., Glynn S. Lunney Jr.
Tennessee Archivist 45, No. 3, Society Of Tennessee Archivists
Tennessee Archivist 45, No. 3, Society Of Tennessee Archivists
Tennessee Archivist newsletters
Summer 2026 issue of the Tennessee Archivist, a newsletter produced by the Society of Tennessee Archivists.
Threats And Political Violence, J. Richard Broughton
Threats And Political Violence, J. Richard Broughton
Nevada Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Line Warming: Improperly Influencing Voters Or Mitigating The Effects Of Voter Suppression?, Elizabeth Ellen Gordon
Line Warming: Improperly Influencing Voters Or Mitigating The Effects Of Voter Suppression?, Elizabeth Ellen Gordon
Nevada Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Of, By, And For, Steven L. Winter
Sex On Trial, Nathalie Greenfield, Sandra L. Babcock
Sex On Trial, Nathalie Greenfield, Sandra L. Babcock
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
On January 21, 2025, the U.S. Supreme Court recognized in Andrew v. White that the State’s introduction of sexualizing evidence in a woman’s capital trial may violate due process. In Brenda Andrew’s case, prosecutors presented evidence about her sexual relationships, clothing, and style of underwear as proof that she was guilty of capital murder. Our research, supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation, reveals for the first time that the prosecution’s tactics in Brenda Andrew’s case were far from unique. Based on a systematic review of the trial transcripts of every woman currently on death row in the …
Percepciones, Uso Y Confianza En Ia Generativa Según Género En Estudiantes Universitarios, Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez, María Moreno Guzmán, Irene Ojeda Fernández, Juan Pablo Hervás-Pérez, Inmaculada Mateos-Aparicio, Alejandra García-Alonso, María Luisa Pérez-Rodríguez, Rocío De La Peña Armada, José Raggio, Beatriz Gómez-Gómez, Araceli Gónzalez-Cortés, Emma Gracia-Lor, Gustavo Moreno-Martín, Ángel Juilio Reviejo-García, Esther Sánchez-Tirado, Jon Sanz Landaluce, Arturo Casado, Marta Sánchez-Paniagua
Percepciones, Uso Y Confianza En Ia Generativa Según Género En Estudiantes Universitarios, Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez, María Moreno Guzmán, Irene Ojeda Fernández, Juan Pablo Hervás-Pérez, Inmaculada Mateos-Aparicio, Alejandra García-Alonso, María Luisa Pérez-Rodríguez, Rocío De La Peña Armada, José Raggio, Beatriz Gómez-Gómez, Araceli Gónzalez-Cortés, Emma Gracia-Lor, Gustavo Moreno-Martín, Ángel Juilio Reviejo-García, Esther Sánchez-Tirado, Jon Sanz Landaluce, Arturo Casado, Marta Sánchez-Paniagua
GDI. Revista de investigación de Género, Diseño e Innovación
Introducción: La presencia creciente de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la universidad está transformando el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y la relación del alumnado con la tecnología. Un equipo docente de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC) y la Universidad Camilo José Cela (UCJC) diseñó diversas estrategias para integrar la IA generativa (IAg) como recurso complementario en asignaturas de estudios universitarios oficiales de Grado y Posgrado. Esta iniciativa surge de la necesidad de evaluar la implementación de la IA para mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y fomentar un uso crítico entre el alumnado de estas …
Experience Therapy: How Service Experiences Regulate Everyday Negative Affect, Chang Ma Ph.D., Jae Eun Park, Alei Fan, Laurie Wu
Experience Therapy: How Service Experiences Regulate Everyday Negative Affect, Chang Ma Ph.D., Jae Eun Park, Alei Fan, Laurie Wu
Faculty Publications
In today's fast-paced and high-pressure society, maintaining emotional well-being requires effective strategies for managing everyday negative affect. This research examines the role of service experiences in reducing negative affect and introduces experience therapy as a novel strategy for affect regulation. Through a series of studies, we assess the effectiveness of experience therapy and investigate how different service experiences—varying in levels of personal effort involvement and social involvement—contribute to negative affect regulation. The findings demonstrate that experiences requiring high personal effort and social involvement are particularly effective in alleviating negative affect, especially among emotionally stressed individuals. These effects are mediated, respectively, …
Aged 539 Internship Report: Cal Poly Rodeo Media And Marketing, Anna Grace Durham
Aged 539 Internship Report: Cal Poly Rodeo Media And Marketing, Anna Grace Durham
Agricultural Education: Graduate Internship Reports
This internship report examines the role of media and marketing within the Cal Poly Rodeo Program and highlights the integration of leadership, athlete development, and strategic communications in a collegiate athletics setting. Serving as the Media Manager for Cal Poly Rodeo, the internship focused on strengthening the program's digital presence, enhancing brand identity, and increasing community engagement, particularly surrounding the 2026 Poly Royal Rodeo. Through collaboration with University Administrators, the Officer Team, sponsors, and external media partners, comprehensive marketing campaigns were developed and implemented, resulting in significant increases in social media reach, audience engagement, and ticket sales. The project included …
Investigation Of Warfarin–Human Serum Albumin Binding By Ultrafast Affinity Extraction Using Single- And Dual-Column Affinity Microcolumn Systems, Samiul Alim
Department of Chemistry: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
This dissertation examined the interaction of warfarin with human serum albumin (HSA) by using affinity chromatography, with particular emphasis on ultrafast affinity extraction (UAE) and affinity microcolumns. HSA affinity supports were prepared by immobilizing HSA onto diol-bonded silica via Schiff base chemistry and used to prepare affinity microcolumns for chromatographic studies under physiological-like conditions at pH 7.4 and 37.0 °C. UAE studies were performed to investigate the effects of residence time, flow rate, and column configuration on the measured apparent free fraction of warfarin and on the calculated apparent binding parameters. The results showed that the measured apparent free fraction …
Grapho 2026, Simon Niemtschk
Grapho 2026, Simon Niemtschk
Grapho : Concordia Seminary Student Journal
Grapho’s theme this year, “One Body in Christ”, encourages us to meditate on the ways our faith unites. By our Lord’s sacrifice, all believers are bound together with the resurrected body of Christ. Inspired by the great love God shared with the church as seen in Paul’s letters (Romans 12:4-5; 1 Corinthians 12:12-13), we are freed from sin, death and the power of the devil, and empowered to a life together. Our theme this year invites Christians to consider how our unity is found scripturally, sacramentally, and liturgically.
Gender Relations Within 18th And 19th Century Art And How It Affects A 21st Century Learner, Sophie Lima
Gender Relations Within 18th And 19th Century Art And How It Affects A 21st Century Learner, Sophie Lima
Theses
This study constructs a curriculum unit comprising five lessons in feminist art history for middle school learners in 5th-8th grade. Drawing on theories and concepts from feminist art history, visual culture, and inquiry in art education, this curriculum aims to address the scarcity of age-appropriate materials in feminist art history. There is a need for curricular materials that help learners critically analyze issues of gender, identity, and power conveyed through visual culture. The curriculum encourages middle-grade students to engage with three approaches to art analysis: formalism, iconography, and feminism. The organized unit focuses on inquiry, interpretation, comparison, production, and evaluation. …
Introduction: 18(3) 2026 Emerging Scholar Research Summaries, Rosalind L. Raby
Introduction: 18(3) 2026 Emerging Scholar Research Summaries, Rosalind L. Raby
Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education
No abstract provided.
The Best Children's Books Of The Year [2026 Edition], Bank Street College Of Education. Children's Book Committee.
The Best Children's Books Of The Year [2026 Edition], Bank Street College Of Education. Children's Book Committee.
Children's Book Committee
Includes more than 600 titles chosen by the Children’s Book Committee as the best of the best published in 2025. In choosing books for the annual list, committee members consider literary quality and excellence of presentation as well as the potential emotional impact of the books on young readers. Other criteria include credibility of characterization and plot, authenticity of time and place, age suitability, positive treatment of ethnic and religious differences, and the absence of stereotypes.
Beyond The "Mucha Woman": Ornamental Invariance And Sarah Bernhardt's Cross-Gender Poster Persona, 1894-1899, Rose Mary Weigand, James Hutson
Beyond The "Mucha Woman": Ornamental Invariance And Sarah Bernhardt's Cross-Gender Poster Persona, 1894-1899, Rose Mary Weigand, James Hutson
Faculty Scholarship
Alphonse Mucha's recurring female figure is often treated as a unified Art Nouveau type, alternately interpreted as an erotic commodity, a decorative ideal, or an emblem of the New Woman. This article argues that the category becomes analytically unstable when it is applied to the theater posters Mucha designed for Sarah Bernhardt. Through close visual comparison of Gismonda (1894), Lorenzaccio (1896), Médée (1898), and Hamlet (1899), with JOB (1896) serving as a commercial countertype, the study develops the concept of ornamental invariance: a stable graphic system that preserves celebrity recognition while role, costume, narrative action, and gender change. Mucha's elongated …
Project Strata, Hobbs Hegedus, Antony Chen, Adrian Scancich, Peter Constantine Psefteas, Ryan Kreis Roth, Jack Douglas Mitchell
Project Strata, Hobbs Hegedus, Antony Chen, Adrian Scancich, Peter Constantine Psefteas, Ryan Kreis Roth, Jack Douglas Mitchell
Mechanical Engineering
Project STRATA is a lunar sample acquisition and storage system developed in support of NASA’s Artemis mission objectives and the 2026 NASA RASC-AL competition. The overall mission concept utilizes a dual-rover architecture consisting of HARVEST, a sample collection rover, and SILO, a storage rover designed to preserve and organize lunar ice-regolith core samples collected from permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) near the lunar south pole. These regions contain scientifically valuable volatile-rich materials but present significant challenges due to extreme cryogenic temperatures, abrasive lunar regolith, and the absence of solar energy.
This report is a collection of all major work from the …
Peltier-Based Hydration Accumulation Terminal (P.H.A.T.), Jenner Mucher, Ethan Pace, Renee Robolledo, Sabrina Luo, Taehoon Lee, Tarsem Pal
Peltier-Based Hydration Accumulation Terminal (P.H.A.T.), Jenner Mucher, Ethan Pace, Renee Robolledo, Sabrina Luo, Taehoon Lee, Tarsem Pal
Mechanical Engineering
The objective of this project is to design an innovative potable water dispenser capable of safely delivering hot, ambient, and chilled water on demand for human lander missions. The system will support astronauts’ hydration and food rehydration needs while minimizing mass, power, maintenance, and contamination risks in microgravity and partial-gravity environments. Current spacecraft dispensers, such as the International Space Station (ISS) system, provide only heated water and have limited temperature control, cleaning accessibility, and microbial resilience. Building on NASA heritage designs and lessons learned from the ISS Potable Water Dispenser, this project advances a lighter, simpler, and more energy-efficient concept …
To Lecture Capture Or Not To Lecture Capture? The Answer For Legal Education Appears To Be A “Regulated Yes”, Nikos Harris Kc
To Lecture Capture Or Not To Lecture Capture? The Answer For Legal Education Appears To Be A “Regulated Yes”, Nikos Harris Kc
Dalhousie Law Journal
The debate over the use of technology in the law classroom is often framed as the necessary use of modern forms of information sharing versus the creation of distractions which undermine deeper learning. One subject of significant debate in law faculties is whether students should have regular access to taped lectures from their courses, often referred to as “lecture capture.” Most universities have systems that can routinely record classes, and there are a number of pedagogical benefits which flow from student use of taped lectures. However, the issue of providing broad access to lecture capture is a complex one which …
Pcb Design For Place Cells Vlsi Chip, Gavin Reaksecker, Alex Krier, Joshua Lin
Pcb Design For Place Cells Vlsi Chip, Gavin Reaksecker, Alex Krier, Joshua Lin
Electrical Engineering
This project presents the design and implementation of a 2 layer test-bench printed circuit board (PCB) for evaluating the functionality of a custom 40-pin VLSI integrated circuit. The objective is to create a reliable and portable platform capable of supplying configurable bias voltages, generating variable input signals, and monitoring both analog and digital outputs. The board integrates adjustable bias networks using potentiometers, digital and analog buffering stages, and optional battery supply operation. The VLSI device under test is mounted in dual-in-line (DIP) sockets to enable rapid replacement and repeated characterization. Dedicated test points are incorporated throughout the PCB to facilitate …
Stella: A Narrative Exploration Of Artificial Intelligence, Grief, And Human Consciousness, Alyssa Grace Gerardo
Stella: A Narrative Exploration Of Artificial Intelligence, Grief, And Human Consciousness, Alyssa Grace Gerardo
Computer Science and Software Engineering
STELLA is a narrative-driven 2D puzzle adventure game developed in Unity that explores themes of grief, memory, human connection, and artificial intelligence. Players assume the role of Luna, a young woman searching for a missing friend who becomes trapped within a mysterious garden overseen by a mysterious entity known as STELLA. Through exploration, environmental storytelling, dialogue, and a series of puzzles, players uncover a deeper narrative centered on loss, obsession, and the pursuit of artificial immortality.
Teaching Peace Where Borders Divide: Interdisciplinary Praxis In A Criminal Justice Program, Lucas Espinoza
Teaching Peace Where Borders Divide: Interdisciplinary Praxis In A Criminal Justice Program, Lucas Espinoza
Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
This article describes a criminal justice senior-level undergraduate course, CRIJ 4350: Peace, Nonviolence, & Justice, at a Hispanic-serving institution known as the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, in the U.S.-Mexico borderlands. The course centers five key frameworks: critical pedagogy, intersectionality, decolonial theory, restorative and transformative justice, and trauma-informed care, as this course departs from carceral models of justice education. Grounded in theory, literature, and research from criminal justice, criminology, peace and conflict studies, sociology, political science, ethics/philosophy, social justice, human rights, and critical pedagogy, the course centers student reflection from course evaluations, relationships, and experiences of a faculty member. …
Attachment Style, The Working Alliance, And Client Self-Disclosure In Individual Psychotherapy, Jennifer S. Baar
Attachment Style, The Working Alliance, And Client Self-Disclosure In Individual Psychotherapy, Jennifer S. Baar
Dissertations
Client self-disclosure is a core component of the psychotherapy process and increased levels of client self-disclosure have been shown to predict more positive therapeutic outcomes (Pattee & Farber, 2008; Sloan & Kahn, 2005). Similarly, the working alliance and attachment are constructs that have been studied in psychotherapy research and are consistently associated with therapeutic outcomes. Specifically, stronger working alliance ratings and higher levels of secure attachment have been found to predict more positive therapy outcomes (e.g., Flückiger et al., 2018; Mallinckrodt et al., 2005; Sauer et al., 2010). As these three constructs have been found to influence psychotherapy outcomes, the …
“From Remembering To Shaping”: Narrating Shared Experiences By Co-Designing Cultural Heritage Artifacts In Collaborative Vr, Yushang Yang, Fanxu Meng, Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah, L. C. Ray
“From Remembering To Shaping”: Narrating Shared Experiences By Co-Designing Cultural Heritage Artifacts In Collaborative Vr, Yushang Yang, Fanxu Meng, Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah, L. C. Ray
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
The ways people remember and recall places reveal an invisible aspect of cultural heritage (CH), reflecting how individuals and communities relate to these places. Heritage is communal, emerging through collaboratively constructed narratives rather than individual records. To probe how people may share collective memories, we designed an immersive two-person workflow for collaboratively co-designing 3D artifacts and environments in virtual heritage locations, using Generative AI (GenAI) to instantiate these intangible memories. Observations of the co-creation process revealed that participants merged prompts and model placements when negotiating different perspectives. They used spatial operations to compose scenes, and also to express personal and …
Context Matters: Auditing Gender Bias In T2i Generation Through Risk-Tiered Use-Case Profiles, Jose Luis Luna Campoverde, Yankun Wu, Xiaofei Xie, Noa Garcia
Context Matters: Auditing Gender Bias In T2i Generation Through Risk-Tiered Use-Case Profiles, Jose Luis Luna Campoverde, Yankun Wu, Xiaofei Xie, Noa Garcia
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Text-to-image (T2I) generative models are increasingly used to produce content for education, media, and public-facing communication, and are starting to be integrated into higher-impact pipelines. Since generated images tend to reinforce stereotypes, producing representational erasure via “default” depictions and shaping perceptions of who belongs in certain roles, a growing body of work has proposed metrics to quantify gender bias in T2I outputs. Yet existing evaluations remain fragmented. Metrics are often reported without a shared view of what they measure, what assumptions they entail, or how their results should be interpreted under different deployment contexts. This limits the usefulness of gender …