Digital Commons Network^™

Does Music Education Improve Test Scores?, Claire Mclaughlin

Psychology Student Publications

Music programs are often among the first to be reduced when schools face budget constraints. Yet many educators believe that music education contributes to students’ broader academic success. This paper examines whether music education improves test scores? Drawing on longitudinal studies, quasi-experimental research, and correlational analyses, this paper explores the relationship between music training and academic performance, particularly in reading and mathematics. Research suggests that students who participate in music education often demonstrate improved executive functioning, academic competence, and standardized achievement scores. However, findings also indicate that the relationship is complex and influenced by factors such as instructional quality, socioeconomic …

Sustainability, Culture, And Higher Education: An Autoethnographic Sustainability Comparison Of The Sustainability Initiatives At The University Of Salzburg And Bowling Green State University, Madison Alt

Honors Projects

Human activity is already triggering damaging environmental tipping points (Lenton, 2020), emphasizing the need for sustainability in all aspects of development. Institutes of Higher Education (IHEs) have the power and responsibility to contribute to a more sustainable world (Parr et al., 2022). Bowling Green State University (BGSU) in Ohio, United States, and the Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS) in Salzburg, Austria are two IHEs with multifaceted sustainability programs. While living and studying at BGSU and PLUS, I used autoethnography, a personal narrative approach, combined with public sustainability information to compare the sustainability initiatives at each university, and determine what …

Research On Control Of Coaxial Dual-Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based On Improved Reaching Law, Xinhang Chen, Xiaodong Ling, Chengchang Lang, Shijun Zheng, Yiqi Tang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To address the issues of significant chattering, slow convergence speed, and large overshoot in the control system of a coaxial dual-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle, a control method based on an improved double-power and hyperbolic function integral sliding mode reaching law was proposed. A novel reaching law was designed to achieve fast convergence when the system state is far from the sliding surface and smooth transition when approaching the sliding surface, thereby enhancing the overall convergence speed of the system and ensuring that the system reaches the sliding surface within a finite time. The saturation characteristic of the hyperbolic function …

Exploring Alternate Methods Of Flood Output Estimation During Natural Disasters, Finley Gardner

Honors College Theses

In April of 2025, extreme flooding damaged many homes and buildings of people across Kentucky. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) produces maps that show the potential for flooding in areas around water bodies, but many of the April flooding damaged areas were well outside of the FEMA classification zones. The main purpose of this thesis research was to create an accurate model of potential flood extent in Kentucky and compare it to FEMA maps. This model did not require extensive computing power and produced a map that accurately depicted flood extent through the use of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) …

Designing, Integrating, And Evaluating Blockchain Assignments In The Undergraduate Computer Science Program, Karol Lejmbach

Dissertations (1934 -)

Blockchains as a technology rely heavily on a wide range of computer science topics. These topics include: algorithms, data structures, network communication, cryptography and many more. These topics align nicely with topics often covered in undergraduate computer science course. Blockchain technology offers an interesting opportunity for computer science educa- tors. Blockchains rely heavily on a wide range of computer science topics. These topics include: cryptography, networking, data structures, and algorithms. Many of these top- ics are explored in undergraduate computer science programs either in core or elective classes. This offers an opportunity for teaching students about emerging technologies, such as …

Solvability For Couple Nonlinear Elliptic Partial Differential Equations, Ahmed A. Muhsen, Jamil A. Ali Al-Hawasy

Baghdad Science Journal

As it famous the solvability of any mathematical problem play an important rule for many investigators whose interested about the numerical solution for such mathematical problems because it gives them the green light about the ability to solve such problems numerically, besides to give the green light for solving numerically many real life problems in various field of sciences; like the physics, medicine, astronomy, chemistry, biology, different branch of engineering and many other fields. For this reason, this work is devoted to studying the solvability (in infinite dimension) of a couple of nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations (CNLEPDEs) with four …

Model-Based System Verification: Theoretical Framework, Key Technologies, And Future Prospects, Bo Sun, Yi Ren, Silin Wang, Qi Liu, Zhidong Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Traditional system verification methods face significant challenges in terms of efficiency, coverage, and traceability. To address these issues, this paper introduced model-based system verification (MBSV), which deeply integrated verification activities within the model-based systems engineering model system and evolution process. It presented the foundational logic of MBSV and proposed a multiview unified verification modeling strategy based on system modeling language (SysML), integrating requirements, structure, behavior, and constraints. The paper discussed the algorithms for selecting representative paths and reducing equivalent classes to enhance verification efficiency, the principles of test path search, as well as the intelligent path search mechanism based …

Large Language Model For X Language Simulation: Architecture, Key Technologies, And Typical Applications, Laichunyang Peng, Fei Ye, Xiaoming Guo, Jinglin Zhou

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: General-purpose large language models lack training on X language-specific corpora, and traditional fine-tuning methods lack targeted adaptation to the interdisciplinary integration and multimodule coupling of X language, resulting in problems such as non-standard syntax and semantic deviation in generated code. To address these issues, this paper systematically proposed the definition and integrated architecture of a large language model for X language simulation. Modeling subclasses were defined according to the disciplines and classes of X language, and dedicated adapters were constructed for each subclass. By merging their weights during the inference phase, the incremental integration of multi-domain modeling skills was …

Space-Ground Integrated Collaborative Positioning Algorithm And Simulation For Trajectory Enhancement, Juhui Wei, Xinyong Zhang, Jiongqi Wang, Xuanying Zhou, Zhangming He

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To address the challenges of low credibility, weak consistency, and poor accuracy in the information of trajectory results from space-based and ground-based passive time difference positioning simulation systems, a space-ground integrated collaborative positioning method was proposed for trajectory enhancement. By analyzing the operating principle of the time difference positioning system, the influencing factors that measure positioning accuracy in different feature dimensions were obtained; spline smoothing was employed for data alignment between space-based and ground-based systems; a spline-constrained parametric trajectory model was proposed to further enhance the stability; an error-sensitive feature selection framework for improving simulation consistency was constructed to …

Intelligent Competition Platform And Mode Driven By Cloud-Native Simulation, Long Qin, Hesong Huang, Lujia Yin, Chuan Ai, Qi Zhang, Xinmeng Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To solve the problems faced by the adversarial competition mode of agents, including difficult development and deployment, low resource utilization, poor reusability, and difficulty in accessing reinforcement learning algorithms, a new agent simulation training platform was designed. The software components of the competition platform were decoupled based on cloud-native technology; a high-performance simulation engine for the competition environment was proposed; a new method of an embedded reinforcement learning model for an intelligent control terminal was designed, with multiple online and offline policy-based reinforcement learning algorithms set. The experiment demonstrates that the development and deployment of the system is efficient, …

The Impact Of State And Federal Policies On Academic Researchers: Findings From A National Survey, Dylan Ruediger, Chelsea Mccracken, Jonathan Barefield

Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc.

Key findings

● State and federal policies targeting divisive concepts or DEI are shaping research agendas at scale and across disciplines. Twenty percent of all respondents, and 29 percent of researchers working in states with divisive concepts or similar laws, reported having avoided certain research topics because of state laws and policies.

● Eight percent of respondents representing a wide range of disciplines reported having had a federal grant cancelled in 2025.

● Eleven percent of respondents reported that federal and state policies restricting research activities are compelling them to seek employment out of state, to leave the academy, or …

Science And Technology Empower New Quality Productive Forces To Promote Green Sustainable Development, Yongxiang Lu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The rapid development of science and technology drives industrial innovation and upgrading, and promotes productive forces toward green, intelligent, and sustainable development. While improving production efficiency, new quality productive forces also promote green and sustainable development. This study reviews on green intelligent manufacturing technologies, green renewable energy technologies, green transportation technologies, and green data technologies, also explores their significance for global green and sustainable development.

Impact Of Climate Change On Agricultural Production In The North China Plain And Adaption Strategies, Yanjun Shen, Ying Guo, Chuanwei Zhang, Yaning Chen

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Over the past century, global warming has posed significant challenges to the North China Plain (NCP), a core region for grain production, where resource-induced water scarcity now coincides with complex meteorological disasters. In recent years, the NCP has exhibited new climatic characteristics, notably the transition from a “warm-dry” to a “warm-wet” pattern accompanied by asymmetric warming, leading to an increased frequency of extreme events such as droughts, abrupt dry-flood alternations, and temperature extremes. These shifts pose a grave threat to regional grain stability. Currently, critical gaps remain in the understanding of the underlying disaster mechanisms, as well as in predictive …

Impacts Of Climate Change On Agricultural Production And Adaptation Strategies In Northeast China, Ming Jiang, Aizhen Liang, Peng Qi

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As the “stabilizer” of national food security, Northeast China is highly sensitive to climate change. Over the past 60 years, the regional temperature has risen significantly at a rate of 0.034℃/a, which is much higher than the global average of 0.0074℃/a. The improvement of thermal resources has driven a significant northward expansion of high-yield and heat-demanding crops, such as maize and rice. Nevertheless, increased warming has enhanced evapotranspiration demand, which, combined with the expansion of planting scales, has led to a 19.8% increase in agricultural irrigation water consumption over the past 20 years, resulting in a prominent contradiction between supply …

Impact And Countermeasures Of Climate Change On Grain Production In Northwest China, Qin’Ge Dong, Jianqiang He, Yi Li, Ning Yao, Xiang Li, Haolei Zhang, Shengnan Wang, Tengcong Jiang, Baiqing Chen, Chunrui Gao, Chao Liang, Guiyuan Zhang, Lei Gong, Jinxuan Zhao, Qiang Yu, Hao Feng

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Global climate change is reshaping the agricultural production patterns of grain crops in Northwest China. As an important reserve region for national grain production, Northwest China faces multiple uncertainties and compound risks in food security. This study analyzes the current status and limiting factors of grain production, along with regional climate change trends, and systematically evaluates the impacts of climate change and its associated disasters on the spatial distribution, cropping systems, and yield formation of major crops such as wheat, maize, and potato. Over the past 60 years, the region has experienced a warming rate of approximately 0.32℃ per decade …

Improve Institutions And Mechanisms For Basic Research To Cultivate Major Scientific And Technological Achievements, Wei Lyu, Xielin Liu, Ke Wen

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Basic research is the source of important S&T innovation. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) proposed the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, S&T innovation has become a strategic support for enhancing social productivity and comprehensive national strength, and the role of basic research in the national innovation system has been significantly enhanced. How to give full play to the role of basic research has become a major decision-making issue in providing the source and leading the direction of S&T innovation. This study conducts in-depth case studies and extensive questionnaire surveys focusing on two …

Accelerating Marine Science And Technology Innovation Under Great Power Competition: Challenges And Recommendations, Qingbin Guo, Yongsha Xiong, Shifang Sun

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Against the backdrop of intensifying great-power competition, the core issues of global technological competition and cooperation are increasingly converging on the marine domain. The oceans are progressively becoming a critical strategic sphere for national development and security. At present, China is steadily advancing towards its goal of becoming a maritime power, achieving historic leaps in technological innovation such as shipbuilding and deep-sea exploration. Nevertheless, the path ahead for China’s marine science and technology innovation will inevitably face severe international circumstances and competition from established global maritime powers. Based on a review of global and Chinese progress in marine science and …

Challenges In Strategic Exploitation Of Deep-Sea Minerals And China’S Countermeasures, Chang Wang, Xiaojie Shu, Siyuan Zhou, Huiling Song, Shaojun Liu, Xiangxin Xu, Tao Dai, Tao Zhang, Peng Wang, Zheng Li, Jinhua Cheng

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Facing the new stage of strategic mining of deep-sea minerals and the long-term pressure of supply of critical minerals, China urgently needs to seize the window of opportunity for the strategic exploitation of deep-sea critical minerals and open up new sources of supply of critical minerals. Having analyzed the new global situation and challenges of the strategic exploitation of deep-sea critical mineral resources, the study attempted to clarify the supporting role of deep-sea mining in securing critical mineral supply, as well as the actual conditions and main obstacles for the strategic exploitation of deep-sea critical mineral resources in China. Based …

Construction Of China’S Marine Protected Area System In 15th Five-Year Plan, Ke Duan, Danhong Chen, Keqiang Li, Limin Han, Zhengyan Liu, Dongliang Lu, Xiulin Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The establishment of the marine protected area (MPA) system constitutes a critical component of the national initiative to comprehensively advance the development of a nature reserve system centered on national parks. This study explores on domestic and international development trends from aspects such as conservation strategies, international policies, high seas protection, and development trends. It also sorts out and analyzes the construction status of marine protected area systems in China and the United States. Centering on issues in China related to spatial layout, management systems, policies and laws, scientific research support, high seas governance, and land-sea management, the study puts …

Strategic Talent Management In Era Of Intelligence And Digitalization: Current Situation And Path Exploration, Chaoying Tang, Chunyuan Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized “speed up efforts to build a contingent of personnel with expertise of strategic importance” to support China’s pursuit of high-level technological self-reliance and its goal of becoming a world-leading power in science and technology. The deep integration of digital and intelligent technologies is fundamentally transforming talent management paradigms and innovation processes, posing new demands on the knowledge structure, competency models, and management approaches of strategic talents. The study explores the concepts of strategic talent management in the digital intelligent era, establishes its logical framework, analyzes current …

Risks And Challenges Under Approaching Climate Tipping Points And Governance Recommendations, Chengdong Huang, Xiaohong Chen, Zhifang Zhou

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Climate tipping points represent critical thresholds at which Earth’s climate subsystems undergo abrupt transitions, characterized by irreversibility, self-perpetuation, and complex interconnections, posing severe challenges to global climate governance. This study systematically elucidates the scientific implications and key features of climate tipping points, with a focus on analyzing the multifaceted risks triggered by their activation, including climatic physical risks, socio-economic systemic risks, and national security risks. To address these challenges, the research proposes a governance framework centered on “preventing abrupt changes—maintaining resilience—actively adapting”, emphasizing pathways such as enhanced monitoring and early warning, cultivating new quality productive forces, and constructing a global …

Northern Rainstorm Belt And Response Strategies, Jianping Huang, Xiaodan Guan, Xiaohuang Liu, Xiaohan Shen, Xiaojie Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In the summer of 2025, the Northern Rainstorm Belt stretching from eastern Northwest China to the Northeast region exhibited a significant increase in summer precipitation and rainfall frequency over northern China. Cities in the north were frequently struck by extreme rainstorms, resulting in prominent disasters such as “floods in drylands and urban waterlogging”. Northern China spans a vast territory, serving not only as a major grain-producing area and a densely populated region but also as an ecological security barrier that connects the farming-pastoral ecotone and the Loess Plateau. Its stability has nationwide implications. Therefore, comprehensively enhancing flood control capacity, strengthening …

Panoramic Analysis And Strategic Proposals Of Helium Research In China Based On Knowledge Graph, Huayang Li, Quanyou Liu, Dongya Zhu, Xiaoqi Wu, Chi Zhang, Zehui Shi

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Helium is a critical rare gas essential for aerospace, medical devices, and semiconductor production. With about 85% of its helium coming from imports, China’s advancement of exploration and development technologies is vital for national resource security. This study analyzes helium-related publications from CNKI (2000–2025) using advanced data visualization and statistical methods. It introduces a three-pronged approach–data-driven analysis, visual representation, and mechanistic explanation–to offer the first comprehensive examination of China’s helium exploration and development research, revealing its evolution and current state from multiple perspectives and providing fresh insights. By examining publication trends, institutional contributions, and evolving research priorities, the study maps …

Simulation And Projection Of Glaciers And Their Runoff In Xinjiang Based On Tgsgs, Zhongqin Li, Yefei Yang, Bowen Liu, Huilin Li, Zexin Zhan, Feiteng Wang, Chunhai Xu, Weibo Zhao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Glaciers are large flowing ice bodies formed from snowfall in cold regions. Due to the intrinsic physical properties of ice and the complexity of boundary conditions, physically based modelling of glacier change remains a global challenge. With support from the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ key science infrastructure program for the field station, the Tianshan Glaciological Station completed the Tianshan Glacier Station Glacier Simulator (TGSGS) in 2025. TGSGS features advanced representations of the physical mechanisms driving glacier change and multi-scale ensemble strategy, and is integrated with a reference glacier observation network based on terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), a low-temperature laboratory for …

Improving The Circuit Realization Of Grover’S Quantum Search Algorithm By Replacing Hadamard With √ × Gates, Ali Al-Bayaty, Ali Al-Shuwaili, Abbas Alzubaidi, Marek Perkowski

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Jozsa, Bernstein-Vazirani, and Grover, utilize Hadamard gates to create uniform superposition states for the input qubits of an oracle. However, Hadamard gates are non-native (non-supported) gates in all real quantum computers. For this reason, Hadamard gates are considered cost-expensive gates when realizing (transpiling) such algorithms into a real quantum computer. This paper introduces a new methodology for cost-effective transpilation of Grover’s algorithm into real quantum computers, by replacing all Hadamard gates with √ X gates. In quantum computing, the Hadamard and √ X gates create uniform superposition states of a qubit on the Xaxis and Y-axis of the Bloch sphere, …

Math In Melody: How Music Strikes A Chord With Memory And Learning, Aidan V. Waters

Honors Theses

As a result of personal curiosity, this thesis seeks to understand the current status of music integration within educational settings, discussing its importance and potential impact. By considering existing literature, it analyzes music’s effectiveness in K-12 education, particularly within the mathematics classroom. Based on the current body of research, the study identifies three key features of music integration: its effectiveness as an energizer, a memory tool, and a means of creating structure within the classroom. Building on these findings, a proposed ten-day, music-integrated Algebra I unit on functions is presented, applying the research in a variety of ways. The unit …

Traditionally Certified, Second-Career Teachers’ Perceptions Of Intent To Stay In The Classroom, Tara L. Wells

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem that was addressed through this study was the high teacher turnover, including traditionally certified, second-career teachers (TCSCTs), in United States classrooms, despite support and additional resources provided. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine TCSCTs’ perceptions on the reasons and their recommendations to remain in the classroom. Ingersoll's teacher turnover and retention framework was used to conceptually frame this study. Using a basic qualitative design, semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 TCSCTs. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The following themes emerged: TCSCTs remain in the profession primarily due to a sense of purpose in their …

Judging Requires Judgment, Justin Driver

Duke Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Originalism's Unbalanced Ledger, David Zaring

Duke Law Journal

This Essay examines the fundamental tension between originalism and cost-benefit analysis—the two dominant methodologies shaping modern, public law decision-making. Originalism, currently triumphant, prioritizes historical meaning and textual fidelity. It operates in stark contrast to cost-benefit analysis, the byword of the administrative state since 1982, which focuses on the future and efficiency. Descriptively, the two methodologies are irreconcilable. Nor is it possible to pair them by claiming they serve different purposes; originalism and cost-benefit analysis conflict when assessing agency design, constitutional rights, and judicial review of administrative action. As regulatory policymaking continues to rely on empirical and economic assessments, originalism's influence …

Approximate Solution And Simulation For Fractional Burger Equation With Two Initial Conditions, Huda Emad Aldeen Jameel, Fatimah Ahmed Shihab, Saad Naji Al-Azzawi

Baghdad Science Journal

This paper considers the nonlinear homogeneous fractional Burger's equation as a type of nonlinear fractional partial differential equations (FPDE). Our goal in this paper is to show that an initial value problem (IVP) can be modified with a second initial condition when (α ∈ ( 1,2 ]) as the velocity of the movement, and the obtained solution agrees with the nature of the wave with space and time for the problem. The Caputo fractional derivative is used in all the fractional derivatives. Also, the algorithm of the Laplace transform decomposition method (LTDM) for fractional PDEs is presented. The approximate solution …