Digital Commons Network^™

Ai For Education In Nigeria: Addresses Language Barriers And Infrastructure Challenges, Joshua Jarikre

McNair Scholars Collection

This research explores how artificial intelligence (AI) can help bridge language barriers in Nigerian classrooms and examines the infrastructure challenges that hinder AI implementation, particularly in rural areas where support for indigenous languages and digital resources remains limited.

Losses And Labor: Experimental Insights Into Worker Effort Supply And Behavioral Biases, Maia Lemov

Economics Honors Projects

Worker effort supply is influenced not only by rational expectations but also biases such as framing and numerical presentation of incentives. Identifying these effects is essential for designing effective incentives. To study left-digit manipulation, loss aversion, and loss aversion prediction, I conducted an experiment in an online labor market. Participants completed a real-effort typing task, a willingness- to-pay (WTP) task, and a self-reported loss aversion survey. Loss framing and left-digit manipulation had no statistically significant effects on effort, with no interaction effect, suggesting their influence on effort-supply may be overstated or highly heterogeneous. Despite null treatment effects, behaviorally elicited loss …

Ai Institute Summer Camp Academic Preview Webinar: Curriculum, Research, And Outcomes, Paul English Applied Artificial Intelligence Institute

Paul English Applied Artificial Intelligence (AI) Institute Publications

This webinar presents an academic preview of the AI Institute Summer Camp hosted by the Paul English Applied Artificial Intelligence Institute at the University of Massachusetts Boston. The session introduces the program’s curriculum, structure, and student outcomes, providing insight into a hybrid learning model that combines faculty-led lectures, hands-on labs, and guided project development. The webinar highlights the program’s five-week structure, covering topics such as machine learning, neural networks, computer vision, speech and language processing, and generative AI. Participants learn how students engage in real-world AI applications, complete portfolio-ready projects, and develop research and presentation skills. This session is designed …

Propasafe-Hybrid: A Text-Based Hybrid Propaganda Detection Tool (Ila 2026 Presentation), Thomas Kimmeth, Avijit Roy, Vivek Sharma

Publications and Research

This presentation introduces Propasafe-Hybrid, a hybrid system for sentence-level propaganda detection that combines offline transformer-based classification with selective large language model (LLM) explainability. The system employs a two-stage pipeline in which a local BERT-based classifier evaluates all input text and filters non-propagandistic content, while only high-confidence candidates are forwarded to an LLM for rhetorical technique labeling and explanation. This design enables cost-aware, privacy-conscious, and scalable analysis by reducing unnecessary reliance on external models.

Propasafe-Hybrid identifies propagandistic techniques such as loaded language, obfuscation, and appeal to fear, and generates concise natural language rationales that make these techniques interpretable to users. By …

How Do Anthropogenic Disturbance, Insect Diversity And Bird Diversity Intersect? A Study Based On Three Sites In Northern Ohio, Ella Kavanaugh, Micaela A. Tahta Dadourian, Isla Mccullough, Jason Gleditsch

Research Symposium

Human land use can influence bird and arthropod diversity as they change food availability, create edge effects between forest patches and developed land, and impact habitat composition. Many studies have been done to understand the impact of anthropogenic disturbance on bird and arthropod diversity showing forest-dependent species decreasing and generalist species increasing as forest composition changes. Our research aims to expand upon the factors that affect bird and arthropod diversity in three sites that vary in land use and human disruption. To determine the influence of anthropogenic activity, we focused on the variation of bird diversity across our sites related …

Art Criticism As Categorical Reasoning, Madeline Jester

Research Symposium

In this paper, I offer an interpretation of Kendall Walton’s framework of art appreciation in Categories of Art. According to Walton, in order to appreciate an artwork, we must perceive it as belonging to some artistic ‘category’, because categorization determines which features of an object are aesthetically relevant. Different categorizations of the same object, then, can produce different artworks. I’ll argue for a bipartite analysis, where the intended categories of an art object can come apart from the categories through which the object is the most aesthetically valuable work, and that which way of categorizing is ‘correct’ depends on our …

Calculating The Abundance Of Primordial Black Holes, Babel Barm, Cole Owen Bucholtz

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

This project aims to understand the formation of primordial black holes (PBHs) in the early universe. PBHs are hypothetical black holes formed shortly after the Big Bang. They are fascinating because they might explain mysterious cosmic phenomena like dark matter or the origin of supermassive black holes. To estimate how many PBHs could have formed, we will use two different mathematical models: the Press-Schechter formalism and the theory of peaks. Comparing these methods will help us test the reliability of current theories and guide future astronomical observations.

Investigating The Effect Of Input Modality On Reasoning In Vlms Using Zero-Shot Evaluation, Rodela Ghosh, Aviral Gupta, Ocean Monjur, Shrestha Datta, Anshuman Chhabra

Bellini College REU Symposium (BCREUS)

This project investigates how input modality affects mathematical reasoning in vision-language models (VLMs). Using 100 samples from the GSM8K benchmark, we evaluate Qwen2-VL-2B-Instruct and LLaVA-v1.6-Mistral-7B across three conditions: text-only, rendered image, and a modality mismatch condition where image and text describe different problems. Both models show substantial accuracy drops under visual input — Qwen2 falls from 55% to 30% and LLaVA from 40% to 21%. In the mismatch condition, both models follow the text modality in over 75% of cases, revealing strong text dominance when modalities conflict. These findings suggest that rendering math problems as images meaningfully impairs reasoning in …

Modality-Specific Confidence And Uncertainty Metrics For Vision-Language Models, Sahasra Kondapalli, Poyraz An, Trung Dong, Lara Radovanovic, Xiaomin Lin

Bellini College REU Symposium (BCREUS)

Introduction and Problem Statement

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly being integrated into high-stakes environments, such as autonomous robotics used in shared workspaces and as multimodal medical assistant systems. However, current models still have inherent uncertainties, often producing errors or false confidence in responses [1]. Such errors, when passed undetected, can cause serious issues in medical implementations. In shared workspaces, false confidence can lead to safety hazards, or disruption. Du et al. present an evaluation of uncertainty, specifically in the field of human-robot interaction [2]. Such faults are only magnified with the addition of the vision modality, thus highlighting the need …

Progress, Characteristics And Prospects Of Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration At Home And Abroad:Research Based On Literature Published In The Past Five Years, Yueliang Zeng, Ying Yu, Ruirui Gao

Journal of Scientific Information Research

[Purpose/significance] Interdisciplinary research collaboration is an important way to promote knowledge innovation and solve complex social problems in the new era. Reviewing the research progress of interdisciplinary research collaboration at home and abroad in the past five years can help grasp the research frontiers in this field and provide direction for future research. [Method/process] This paper adopts a systematic review method, selecting literature closely related to the theme of interdisciplinary research collaboration from inWeb of Science and CNKI from 2020 to 2024, condensing the research topic, analyzing the main research viewpoints, and summarizing the changing characteristics, then proposing future research …

A Survey On Knowledge-Enhanced Healthcare Question Answering Systems, Junnan Su, Pu Han, Jianxiang Wei

Journal of Scientific Information Research

[Purpose/significance] This paper aims to review the research progress and applications of knowledge enhancement techniques in healthcare question answering systems, in response to the limitations of traditional systems in knowledge representation and reasoning, as well as challenges faced by current large language model-based systems, such as insufficient domain knowledge, privacy concerns, and hallucination. The review provides a systematic reference for improving the precision and knowledge reliability of such systems. [Process/method] Focusing on knowledge enhancement strategies, this paper firstly outlines their fundamental concepts and overall framework. The strategies are then categorized into explicit and implicit types, with an analysis of their …

Research On Academic Journal Evaluation Based On Factor Dimensionality Reduction, Data Weighting, And Journal Characteristics Orientation, Liping Yu, Jing Zhang

Journal of Scientific Information Research

[Purpose/significance] The characteristics of academic journals have important value, and current evaluation systems lack assesment for this dimension. [Method/process] This paper proposes a variable weight method for factor reduction data, firstly uses factor analysis combined with manual classification to determine the characteristics of the journal, and uses Sigmoid function to standardize the public factors to determine the characteristic journals, and then uses the variable weight function to modify the original data for the characteristic indicators of the characteristic journals based on the data of forestry journals in CNKI. Three representative methods including linear weighted aggregation, weighted TOPSIS, and factor analysis, …

A Meta-Analysis Of Corporate Innovation Intention And Its Driving Mechanisms, Yaping Hu, Xuerong Shen, Yi Zheng

Journal of Scientific Information Research

[Purpose/significance] Stimulating corporate innovation intention is a pivotal issue for promoting innovation. However, the academic discourse on its key drivers presents significantly divergent and even contradictory conclusions, leading to theoretical ambiguity and practical guidance challenges. This study aims to systematically and quantitatively integrate empirical research in this field to clarify the true effects of core driving factors and their operational boundaries. [Method/process] Adopting a meta-analysis approach, this study systematically retrieves and screens literature, ultimately analyzes 29 empirical studies and examine four potential moderating variables which include location, data type, industry, and culture. [Result/conclusion] The study finds that government support, internal …

Research On Smart Intelligence Service System Of National Defense Science And Technology In Complex Information Environment, Yang Yang, Keping Wang, Huawei Sun

Journal of Scientific Information Research

[Purpose/significance] National defense science and technology intelligence serves as a powerful guarantee for promoting national defense science and techndogy innovation and development. Exploring optimization paths for defense science and technology intelligence service systems holds practical significance in developing new quality combat capabilities and safeguarding national security and stability. [Method/process] Through literature review and summarization, this study clarifies the impact of complex information environments on intelligent defense science and technology intelligence services, as well as the core tasks of intelligent intelligence services. Based on activity theory, the study deconstructs system elements and employs systems engineering principles to construct an intelligent defense …

Research On Text Translation Model Based On Large Language Model And Knowledge Enhancement Framework, Chuanming Yu, Haoxuan Li

Journal of Scientific Information Research

[Purpose/significance] This paper aims to improve the translation quality of large language models and effectively alleviate the translation illusion problem, thereby enhancing cross-linguistic information retrieval capabilities. [Method/process] A translation generation method based on a knowledge enhancement framework is proposed. This framework optimizes the translation process from multiple dimensions, such as style, focus, and cultural adaptability, by combining external knowledge provided by the translation context building module and the knowledge base building and retrieval module, and then utilizing the guidance of the text attention module. [Result/conclusion] Experimental results show that the proposed method effectively enhances model performance. Specifically, on the WikiLingua, …

Ai Need Not Make One Slothful, Roy A. Kaelin Jr

Faculty Publications

As National Louis University seeks to plan and advance its way amid the potential perils and pitfalls of so-named artificial intelligence, one finds that with reasonable workflows and guard rails, the use of AI proposes both potential promise and prospect, to assist and augment the natural intelligence that students and teachers bring to the classroom, encouraging them to pursue STEM-related activities with the preparation and deployment of focused and directed AI-bots. This paper presents examples and a case study of that directed and focused approach, the incremental lessons learned to date, and a proposed path to advance worthwhile AI …

What Does It Mean To Live A Creative Life?, Shelby A. Simmeth

Creativity and Change Leadership Graduate Student Master's Projects

What is a creative person? Is creativity something one is born with, or can it be cultivated through education and practice? In today’s world, there is a gap between what people assume creativity is and what it really is. My early exposure to creativity has been a transformational learning experience for me and has changed my approach to everything in my life. I have always been curious about how creativity could increase mental health and wellbeing. The purpose of this project is to help people understand the unique traits of people who embrace their own creativity and how their stories …

Should We Be Concerned About Demographic Decline? An Economic Analysis, Collin Gates

Theses & ETDs

This thesis uses economic theory to examine the causes and consequences of falling fertility rates around the world. It examines contributions to economic theory on population given by economists such as Thomas Malthus, Gary Becker, Paul Heyne, Paul Ehrlich and Julian Simon. Next, it analyzes what the externalities of falling fertility rates could be to the world’s economies, environments, workforces, and individual people through economic models such as the Solow growth model. The thesis concludes by looking at three countries–Japan, South Korea, and Italy– who have been experiencing fertility rates below the replacement level for over 20 years, relating relevant …

Enhancing Hope In Mathematics From An East African Perspective, Howard Omukami

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

No abstract provided.

Emotion Regulation And Pretend Play In Preschool-Aged Children, Alyssa Dolphin

Theses & ETDs

The current study included only well-established, high-fidelity Montessori programs to explore differences in children’s emotion regulation levels across varying preschool contexts (Montessori, traditional, and at-home/no preschool), the relationship between time spent in a Montessori program and emotion regulation, and the potential moderating role of preschool environment in the relationship between pretend play and emotion regulation. Seven parents of children enrolled in a Montessori program, seven parents of children enrolled in a traditional preschool program, and 21 parents of children not currently enrolled in preschool completed an online survey consisting of an emotion regulation scale, a pretend play scale, and demographic …

University Of Nebraska At Omaha Graduate Commencement: May 2026, University Of Nebraska At Omaha

Commencement Programs

No abstract provided.

Designing Enhanced Nonlinearity In Plasmonic Devices With Epsilon-Near-Zero Films, Kevin Tran Le

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (MS) Theses

The growing demand for energy-efficient optical information processing motivates compact nonlinear photonic devices that can operate at low power. Silicon photonics is a mature platform for linear optical functions, but nonlinear operation remains challenging because of its weak Kerr response, two-photon absorption at telecommunication wavelengths, and limited compatibility with deeply subwavelength plasmonic confinement. This thesis computationally investigates epsilon-near-zero thin films integrated into plasmonic waveguide architectures as a route toward stronger light–matter interaction in compact nonlinear devices.

Two waveguide geometries are examined: a hybrid metal-insulator-metal plasmonic slab waveguide incorporating an ultrathin indium tin oxide epsilon-near-zero layer (5–50 nm), and a dielectric-loaded …

Bard Observer Vol. 24 No.7 (May 2026), Bard College

Bard Observer, 2020 - 2029

No abstract provided.

A Multi-Objective Optimization Framework For Equitable Stormwater Management In Urbanizing Rural Communities, Harry L. Wilson

Industrial Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Due to limited technical and financial resources, urbanizing rural communities often face growing stormwater management challenges while undergoing rapid development. This thesis proposes a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) framework that integrates topography-driven stormwater flow behavior, infrastructure placement constraints, and multiple planning objectives to support cost-effective stormwater infrastructure decisions. Our model accounts for budget constraints, gravity-driven surface water flow, infiltration capacity, and spatial contiguity requirements to determine optimal pond placements that balance flood reduction and implementation costs. A synthetic discretized grid representing a small municipality is used to demonstrate model behavior under varying rainfall and topographic conditions. Results demonstrate the framework's …

Gendered Socialization Of Comfort With Risk And The Selection Of A College Major, Eliza S. Staton

Sociology and Criminology Undergraduate Honors Theses

This study investigates the potential relationship between the gendered socialization of risk preferences and the selection of a college major. Women are underrepresented in many fields of study, but especially in those related to science, technology, engineering, and math (S.T.E.M). Careers in STEM fields tend to require degree paths that require difficult classes, with lower average grade points, and a high chance of failure. As of 2023, only 24% of the student body in the College of Engineering at the University of Arkansas was composed of women (Uark 2023). These high-pressure, male-dominated environments have been found to lose women at …

Sign Of The Times: School Desegregation In Richland County Schools District One, 1944-1974., Otiana Thompson

All Theses

This paper explores how school desegregation in Richland County Schools District One  between 1940 to 1974 reshaped racial and political dynamics in Columbia, South Carolina. Although twenty-two students successfully desegregated the district's public schools in 1964, the process proceeded slowly, facing local and state resistance. By 1969, fewer than 1,300 Black students attended formerly White schools, while White flight to private institutions and neighboring county school districts accelerated. National challenges to this gradualist approach resulted in the Supreme Court’s unanimous decision in Green v. New Kent County case (1968), that determined “freedom of choice” plans to be insufficient to establish …

Sequential Robustness In Adversarial Reinforcement Learning, Roman Lok-Ming Belaire

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

My goal is to build autonomous systems that expand the reach of human capability in challenging domains such as undersea and space exploration, disaster response, and large-scale infrastructure. In everyday settings, these systems will increasingly appear in safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving, robotics, and industrial manufacturing. A central requirement for these systems is the ability to operate reliably under uncertainty, particularly when the environment behaves in unanticipated ways.

The robust handling of unforeseen environment dynamics is therefore a technical cornerstone of autonomous decision-making; Adversarial attacks provide a useful and principled lens through which to study this problem. Adversarial \textit{robustness}, …

Perspectives On Interpretability For Neural Text Representations, Jia Peng Lim

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

In this dissertation, we investigate interpretability in the three elements of learning neural text representations: inputs, passed into models, to produce probabilistic outputs. We emphasise perspectives as we present alternative novel methods to mine and organise meaning in this work.

Models. We initiate our investigation by examining Neural Topic Models (NTM), proposing an alternate angle of interpreting its word-topic distribution, producing better topic representations for interpretation. Our method maps the problem of finding these better interpretations to classical NP-hard graph problems, enabling examination of topic distributions in a composite manner. Next, we apply our previous findings to extract interpretations from …

Exam Approach Impacts On Test Anxiety And Motivational Outcomes, Makenna Lynn Frias

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

In science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields students are facing exams with record high rates of worry and discomfort, this is known as test anxiety (Rajiah, et al., 2014). Factors such as self-concept (Simpkins et al., 2006) and views of control (Levenson, 1974) are negatively affected by examinations (the terms ‘exam’ and ‘test’ will be used interchangeably) (Spielberger, 1980). A student’s fear of failure, or how the students perceive setbacks or challenges, impacts and is impacted by test anxiety (Henry et al., 2021; Conroy, et al., 2002). Being established by the professor, the exam approach is beyond a student’s …

Applications Of Cyrene For Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Anjali Mae Rabindran

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Cyrene is a cellulose-derived molecule that has gained interest in green chemistry as both a solvent and precursor for pharmaceutical intermediates. In this study, biocatalytic and chemical strategies were evaluated for converting Cyrene into these intermediates. Cyrene was carried through variations of a five-step sequence: reduction, reductive amination, esterification, tosylate salt formation, and Lewis-acid mediated acetal opening to generate ring-opened pyranose products (“deoxy sugars” and “deoxy amino sugars”). We successfully synthesized deoxy sugar intermediates; however, the production of stereochemically pure deoxy amino sugar intermediates was limited by unresolved diastereomeric mixtures. These findings highlight the promise of Cyrene as a renewable …