Digital Commons Network^™

Re: Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Draft Final Reclamation Improvement Field Sampling And Investigation Plan: Bres No. 160s – Syndicate Pit Dumps, Molly Roby

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Re: Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit Final Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit Unreclaimed Sites Field Sampling And Investigation Plan: Ur-53 – South Of Surprise Dump, Mike Mcanulty

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Re: Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit Draft Final 2023 Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites Sampling: Bres No. 93 – Soudan Dump Site Evaluation Summary Report, Molly Roby

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Re: Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Draft Final Reclamation Improvement Field Sampling And Investigation Plan: Bres No. 68 – Little Mina-2, Molly Roby

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Re: Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit Draft Final Reclamation Improvement Field Sampling And Investigation Plan: Bres No. 75 – National Dump, Molly Roby

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Re: Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Clark Tailings Consolidated Waste Management Area (Ctcwma) Site Investigation Quality Assurance Project Plan (Qapp) Revision 0 (2026) Request For Change (Rfc)-2026-001 (Dated September 8, 2026), Emma Rott

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Re: Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Draft Final Reclamation Improvement Field Sampling And Investigation Plan: Bres No. 57 – Little Mina-1, Molly Roby

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

2026 - Faculty & Staff Research Symposium, Elizabeth Outka, Lidia Radi

Faculty and Staff Research Symposium Programs

[Excerpt from the "Welcome"]

Dear Colleagues,

Welcome to the third Faculty & Staff Research Symposium!

The Symposium offers us the chance to come together as a community and learn about the inspiring work happening across our campus. Faculty and staff continue to push the boundaries of research, to design and maintain new learning and gathering spaces, to craft remarkable art and performances, and to develop innovative programs that enrich our collective experience. The event is meant to spark curiosity, build connections, inspire partnerships, and open new pathways for exploration. . . .

This symposium is your creation — it thrives …

Mass Transfer Control In Chitosan-Based Hybrid Material Incorporating Pyromellitic Dianhydride And Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: Intraparticle Diffusion And Boyd Model Analysis, Arwa Raad Ibrahim, Basma A. Abdul Majeed, Sanaa A. Al-Sahib

Baghdad Science Journal

The accelerated development of new technologies for treating pollutants has led to the emergence of numerous innovative adsorbents. These materials typically possess promising structural and surface properties suitable for a variety of applications. In the same context, the present study prepared a chitosan-based hybrid material incorporating pyromellitic dianhydride and copper oxide nanoparticles (PMDA-Cts-CuO) under ultrasonic wave conditions. It is a newly synthesized material derived from an organically degradable source for lead removal purposes. Following the confirmation of the material's structural and morphological properties, the current research effort focused on examining the PMDA-Cts-CuO for diffusion kinetic models: the intraparticle diffusion model, …

Surface Wave Propagation At The Interface Between An Inviscid Liquid Layer And A Rotating Micropolar Elastic Solid With Stretch, Somaiah Kamidi, Narsimharao Kandula, Venkateswara Rao Burugu, Gaddam Rajkumar, Srinivas Remidi

Baghdad Science Journal

This article investigates the impact of angular rotation on surface-wave propagation at the interface between an inviscid liquid layer and a rotating micropolar elastic solid with stretch. The surface-wave secular equation is obtained analytically using the plane-harmonic solution method after the mathematical model has been developed. It is noticed that for symmetric modes of surface waves, the liquid effects and the micro-stretch do not manifest simultaneously. Using MATLAB software, the impacts of the solid's angular rotation and the liquid layer's thickness on the symmetric mode of surface waves are illustrated for a specific model. The velocity of surface waves at …

Approximation Of Bi-Continuous Semigroups In The Trotter-Kato Framework: Application To Diffusion Equations With Non-Local Boundary Conditions, Abdulhameed Qahtan Abbood Altai

Baghdad Science Journal

This study develops and practically reformulates the Trotter–Kato theorem for the approximation of bi-continuous semigroups defined on Banach spaces with weaker locally convex Hausdorff topologies. This method extends the Trotter–Kato framework to semigroups with weak continuity by moving the analysis from the classical norm topology to a weaker topology. Equivalence and approximation conditions are derived without requiring explicit computation of resolvents, replacing them with T-stability and T-consistency properties. This new reformulation of the Trotter–Kato theorem provides a direct method for establishing convergence between approximating and limit semigroups, thereby simplifying both theoretical proofs and numerical analysis. The suggested framework …

Structural And Hamiltonian Properties Of The N–Array Unit Graphs Over Finite Rings, Puguh Wahyu Prasetyo, Muhammad Ardiyansyah, Joe Repka

Baghdad Science Journal

Consider a finite ring R, and let U( R ) denote the set of all its unit elements. The unit graph G_R of R is defined as follows: the vertex set V( G_R ) consists of all elements of R. Two distinct elements a,\ b∈ \ G_R are adjacent if and only if a + b∈ U( R ). Recent research has provided necessary and sufficient conditions for the unit graph G_R to have a Hamiltonian cycle. However, the property of Hamiltonicity under direct product constructions of rings has not been fully understood. This paper addresses this gap by studying …

Re: Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Draft Final Reclamation Improvement Field Sampling And Investigation Plan: Bres No. 171 – Blaine Center, Molly Roby

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Protocol For Integrating Vessel Networks And Environmental Matching To Inform Cost-Effective Archipelago Biosecurity Planning And Management, Chi T.U. Le, Chad L. Hewitt, Marnie L. Campbell

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Inter-island vessel networks support economic activity but also enable secondary spread of non-native species. By integrating vessel-movement data, network analysis, and environmental matching, we present a protocol for generating a cost-effective biosecurity decision-support tool by assessing both the relative economic importance and the relative risks of species spread within a vessel traffic system. We outline steps for data curation, network construction, and sea surface temperature-based environmental similarity calculation. We then detail procedures for the translation of outputs into management recommendations. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Campbell et al. ¹

Trustworthy Golden-Subject Identification For Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interface Applications Using A Unified Fwzic-Vikor Framework, Ghadeer Ghazi Shayea

Mesopotamian Journal of Computer Science

Motor imagery-based brain-computer interfaces (MI-BCIs) remain limited by inter-subject variability, nonstationary EEG characteristics, and the difficulty of identifying a reliable golden subject for subject-to-subject transfer learning. Previous version of HAFL study used fuzzy decision by opinion score method (FDOSM) to identify a golden subject. However, the decision-making layer can be strengthened by explicitly separating criteria weighting from compromise ranking. This study extends the published framework by developing a unified 9 × 18 Golden Subject Decision Matrix (UGSDM), where nine subjects are evaluated simultaneously across nine training-phase criteria and nine evaluation-phase criteria. FWZIC is used to calculate the importance weights of …

Statistical Triangulation: Weighing Multiple Statistical Tools In Macro-Level Housing Research, Julio Montanez, Amy Donley, Jacquelyn Reiss

Journal of Applied Disciplines

Homelessness and housing research has a detection problem, in which understanding housing issues (e.g., substandard housing) is plagued by problems like undercounting and incomplete data. To partially compensate for these pitfalls, the current research engages in an exercise aiming to sharpen the statistical approach to homelessness and housing research. The macro-level sample included Florida’s 27 Continuums of Care geographies (composed of one or more Florida counties). The dependent variables were sheltered homelessness, energy-based substandard housing, and plumbing-based substandard housing. The independent variables were misdemeanor partner violence rates, felony partner violence rates, high school non-completion rates, urbanicity, and population burdens of …

The Fossil Pearls Of The Million-Pearls Flowstone, Fairgrounds Room, Fort Stanton Cave, New Mexico Usa, Victor J. Polyak, Paula P. Provencio, Yemane Asmerom

International Journal of Speleology

‘Fossil’ cave pearls in the Fairgrounds Room of Fort Stanton Cave form two distinct layers in a flowstone sample, FS-14-2. The flowstone in the Fairgrounds Room covers a mud-silt bank and the extinct streambed that extends across the room. Uranium-series dates of two pieces of flowstone from this room, one piece from the higher end of the flowstone (FS-14-1, devoid of pearls), and another piece from the lower end of the flowstone (FS-14-2, rich in pearls), show that the flowstone was deposited during the Last Glacial period (60,000 to 11,000 yr BP).  The two cave-pearl layers in FS-14-2 yielded U-series …

Data-Driven Risk Mapping For Safer Roads: Unincorporated Dekalb County, Georgia, Getachew B. Demisse, Stacy C. Grear, Araya D. Araya, Shimelis Gebru, Solomon Negash, Leo Ladefian, Carlo Frate

The Geographical Bulletin

This study presents a decade-long spatiotemporal analysis of more than 206,000 traffic accidents recorded between 2015 and 2024 in unincorporated DeKalb County, Georgia. The primary goal of the study is to identify critical patterns of roadway risk and inform data‑driven safety interventions. Using crash records from the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) AASHTOWare Safety platform and standardized crash‑rate calculations, the analysis revealed strong temporal regularities, including elevated crash frequencies during afternoon peak hours, Fridays, and seasonal transition periods such as October. Spatial analyses further demonstrate that crashes are highly concentrated along a limited subset of corridors, consistent with High Injury …

A Calibrated And Conformal Deep Learning Framework For Trustworthy Antinuclear Antibody Pattern Recognition With Selective Referral To Experts, Hussein Ali Hussein Al Naffakh, Ahmed Dheyaa Radhi, Raghdah Maytham Hameed, Muntaha Abdullah Reishaan, Fouad A. Majeed, Rozaida Ghazali

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Reading antinuclear antibody patterns on human epithelial cells by indirect immunofluorescence is the reference screen for systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases, but it is slow, subjective, and variable between observers. Deep learning reaches high accuracy on this task, yet most systems return a single prediction without stating how reliable it is, which is unsafe in a diagnostic workflow. This paper presents an intelligent decision support framework built around a single calibrated uncertainty signal. That signal is the control variable for four reliability modules: confidence calibration, conformal prediction, error detection, and selective referral. A feature space out of distribution detector serves as …

Collaborative Research: Influence Of Fault Frictional Healing And Realistic Tectonic Loading Rates On Shallow Subduction Megathrust Locking, Srisharan Shreedharan

Funded Research Records

No abstract provided.

Photochemistry At The Air-Aerosol Interface, Yi Rao

Funded Research Records

No abstract provided.

The Resurrection And The Death Of Naturalism: A Philosophical And Historical Defense Of A Supernatural Event, Michael A. Youngwood

Masters Theses

This thesis evaluates the resurrection of Jesus as a historical hypothesis within a comparative historiographical framework. Rather than presupposing either naturalism or supernaturalism, the study distinguishes metaphysical commitments from historical methodology and evaluates competing explanations according to consistent criteria derived principally from C. Behan McCullagh’s account of historical explanation. After establishing the historical phenomena requiring explanation, the study examines several principal naturalistic hypotheses, including hallucination, legendary development, apparent death, and conspiracy, before evaluating the resurrection hypothesis according to the same standards. The analysis considers explanatory scope, explanatory power, plausibility, coherence, consistency with background knowledge, and freedom from ad hoc assumptions. …

A New Understanding Of The Tension Between Evil And Divine Greatness: An Application Of Existential Ontology To Christian Apologetics, William A. Blea

Masters Theses

This thesis is an examination of the potential integration of existential ontology into classical Christian apologetics. Pulling from philosophers like Nietache, Kierkegaard, and Heidegger to construct a framework that understands greatness as the overcoming of a being's context and evil as the relational, moral, and cosmic opposition to the order established by the divine Logos. This framework then allows for an identification of Christus Victor as God’s decisive response to evil. This thesis argues that a properly integrated framework may work to collapse the problem of evil from its metaphysical foundation: the contradiction between God's greatness and the existence of …

Multi-Level Grey Optimization Of Dimensional Deviations And Productivity In Fdm-Printed Pla And Petg Spur Gears, Atidel Ghorbel, Rania Ben Amor, Adama Traore, Sosso Gloire Kondo, Youmni Rakib, Ahmed Elloumi

Babylonian Journal of Mechanical Engineering

This study investigates the multi-level Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) for the simultaneous optimization of dimensional accuracy and productivity in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) of PLA and PETG spur gears. A Taguchi L9 orthogonal array was employed to evaluate the influence of key process parameters, including layer thickness, printing speed, and flow rate. Dimensional accuracy was assessed through multiple geometrical responses, namely internal diameter (Di), head diameter (Da), tooth thickness, and base thickness (Sb). These responses were integrated into a single performance index using Grey Relational Analysis. The results show that the optimal condition for PLA (Exp 9) achieves a maximum …

A Circularly Polarized Wideband H-Slot Microstrip Patch Antenna For 5g Applications, Kenneth Kalan John, Zhang Yixiang

Warith Scientific Journal of Engineering and Technology

A circularly polarized wideband H-slot compact patch antenna for 5G applicational implements is proposed. The structure adopts a three-layer architecture with a perfect electric conductor (PEC) copper foil radiation patch on top, Rogers RT5880 dielectric material in between and copper foil grounding plate. Theoretical analysis is conducted on the characteristics, working principles, and microstrip patch antenna parameters to design a wideband H-slot compact structure to achieve high performance. Simulation and measurement analysis are conducted with antenna modeling and optimization on the essential performance parameters. The proposed patch antenna is circularly polarized at the resonant 2.4 GHz frequency in the operational …

Re: Approval Letter For The Uncontrolled Surface Flow Areas Drainage C 95% Design Remedial Action Work Plan, Molly Roby

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Fostering Meaningful Relationships In Middle School Music Ensembles And The Impact On Student Retention, Michael Andrew Murphy

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Although participation in music ensembles varies from school to school in the United States, many directors struggle to retain, let alone grow, the number of members that comprise their performance ensembles. This is often the result of scheduling, time constraints, financial obligations, and understanding the needs of student engagement. The purpose of this qualitative, ethnological study is to explore the impact of fostering meaningful relationships in middle school music ensembles and what role those relationships play in the retention of students. This study also investigates how students and teachers determine the meaningfulness of their relationships, the importance of those relationships …

Exceptional Holography (2025 Renewal, Revised Budget), Oscar Varela

Funded Research Records

No abstract provided.

Enhancing Cognitive And Emotional Development In An Inclusive High School Setting: A Study Of Students With Intellectual Disabilities, Roxanne Miller

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Students with intellectual disabilities often experience cognitive deficits that limit the development of social cognition and critical thinking skills. Challenges in executive functioning, including reduced metacognitive awareness, emotional regulation, and self-regulation, further hinder their ability to plan, monitor, and adapt their thinking and behavior, creating barriers to success in inclusive educational settings. This mixed-methods pilot study examined the effects of the Feuerstein Instrumental Enrichment (FIE) program on the cognitive development of five high school students with intellectual disabilities enrolled in an inclusive Christian high school over one semester. Using a sequential explanatory design, quantitative data were collected via the MINDCAP …

The Effects Of Elementary Music Scheduling And Vertical Alignment On First-Year Middle School Ensemble Readiness: A Study Of Music Teacher Perceptions, James Mock

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Students entering middle school encounter many changes in how music is taught and organized. During this transition, music students are introduced to a greater emphasis on ensemble performance. These students enter middle school with diverse backgrounds in musical training and knowledge. Additional factors affecting students’ musical development include funding, socioeconomic background, and demographics. Elementary music scheduling and program vertical alignment may also influence students’ preparedness as they enter middle school. To become highly successful in music ensemble performance, students must have appropriate prior musical training before entering middle school.

This qualitative study will examine how elementary music schedules and vertical …