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Coin Center V. Yellen Prompts Reconsideration Of The Vast Deference Afforded To The Department Of The Treasury, Emily Arterbury Jul 2024

Coin Center V. Yellen Prompts Reconsideration Of The Vast Deference Afforded To The Department Of The Treasury, Emily Arterbury

Catholic University Law Review

This Comment examines the legal implications of the sanctions issued by the Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Asset Control against Tornado Cash, an application that enables user privacy protection in transactions on the Ethereum blockchain. With the rapid expansion of the digital asset revolution, policymakers remained puzzled as to how to best establish a regulatory scheme that protects consumers without chilling innovation and investment in the digital asset market. The Office of Foreign Assets Control’s issuance of sanctions against Tornado Cash was an attempt to regulate an extremely volatile and unpredictable market. These sanctions prohibited all licit activity …

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Enhancing Adult Learner Success In Higher Education Through Decision Tree Models: A Machine Learning Approach, Emily Barnes, James Hutson, Karriem Perry Jul 2024

Enhancing Adult Learner Success In Higher Education Through Decision Tree Models: A Machine Learning Approach, Emily Barnes, James Hutson, Karriem Perry

Faculty Scholarship

This article explores the use of machine learning, specifically Classification and Regression Trees (CART), to address the unique challenges faced by adult learners in higher education. These learners confront socio-cultural, economic, and institutional hurdles, such as stereotypes, financial constraints, and systemic inefficiencies. The study utilizes decision tree models to evaluate their effectiveness in predicting graduation outcomes, which helps in formulating tailored educational strategies. The research analyzed a comprehensive dataset spanning the academic years 2013–2014 to 2021–2022, evaluating the predictive accuracy of CART models using precision, recall, and F1 score. Findings indicate that attendance, age, and Pell Grant eligibility are key …

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Spatial Microsimulation Of Carbon Tax Incidence: An Application To Washington State, Nathan W. Chan, Susan Stratton Sayre Jul 2024

Spatial Microsimulation Of Carbon Tax Incidence: An Application To Washington State, Nathan W. Chan, Susan Stratton Sayre

Economics: Faculty Publications

Understanding carbon tax incidence is critical. However, standard approaches for calculating the incidence of subnational policies are prone to inaccuracy due to coarse aggregation. We evaluate an alternative approach: a spatial microsimulation (SMS) method that generates granular household-level incidence estimates. SMS provides unique and more nuanced insights into the distributional consequences of carbon taxes, including across geographies. We demonstrate this method for a recent carbon tax initiative in Washington State and counterfactual variations on its revenue recycling provisions. Comparing across counterfactuals, we pinpoint how different targeting provisions in revenue recycling designs will have disparate consequences for the progressivity/regressivity of the …

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Mathematical Methods For Economics And Business Syllabus, Marian Melnyk Jul 2024

Mathematical Methods For Economics And Business Syllabus, Marian Melnyk

Open Educational Resources

This syllabus outlines an online asynchronous course introducing essential mathematical tools and techniques in economics. It spans 24 sessions covering Functions, Differentiation, Limits, Integration, and Multivariable Functions, grounded in college algebra and calculus. The course utilizes Open Educational Resources (OER) for all materials, available in text and video formats on Blackboard. Continuous assessment, including quizzes, homework, two 1-hour tests, and a final exam, ensures consistent progress. Weekly online office hours provide additional support. The primary objective is to equip students with the mathematical skills necessary for economic analysis and problem-solving.

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Water Current, Volume 56, No. 2, Summer 2024 Jul 2024

Water Current, Volume 56, No. 2, Summer 2024

Water Current Newsletter

No abstract provided.

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Snapshots Of Coastal Ecology Using Multiproxy Analysis Reveals Insights Into The Preservation Of Swamp And Marsh Environments Since The Late Pleistocene, Kendall Fontenot, Kristine L. Delong, Brian A. Schubert, Sophie Warny, Davin J. Wallace, Carrie M. Miller, Erin Culver-Miller, Michael J. Polito, Carl A. Reese, Kathryn Garretson, Kehui Xu, Grant L. Harley, Jeffrey Obelcz, Kelli L. Moran, Julian Traphagan, Douglas Jones, Alicia Caporaso Jul 2024

Snapshots Of Coastal Ecology Using Multiproxy Analysis Reveals Insights Into The Preservation Of Swamp And Marsh Environments Since The Late Pleistocene, Kendall Fontenot, Kristine L. Delong, Brian A. Schubert, Sophie Warny, Davin J. Wallace, Carrie M. Miller, Erin Culver-Miller, Michael J. Polito, Carl A. Reese, Kathryn Garretson, Kehui Xu, Grant L. Harley, Jeffrey Obelcz, Kelli L. Moran, Julian Traphagan, Douglas Jones, Alicia Caporaso

Faculty Publications

The southeastern United States Coastal Plain ecosystem contains baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) swamps and grass-dominated marshes. These ecosystems also occurred on the exposed continental shelf during lower sea levels but are rarely preserved due to the mechanically erosive nature of transgression and regression. Two presently marine sites on the northeastern Gulf of Mexico's continental shelf contain well-preserved woody terrestrial sediments that were the subject of previous studies. This study continues the investigation using geochemical (δ13C, δ15N, δ34S) and palynological characteristics of these formerly terrestrial sediments to determine if swamps and/or marshes existed at the time of deposition. The first site is …

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A Simple Approach To Dealing With Partial Contestation, Ali Kagalwala, Thiago M.Q. Moreira, Guy D. Whitten Jul 2024

A Simple Approach To Dealing With Partial Contestation, Ali Kagalwala, Thiago M.Q. Moreira, Guy D. Whitten

Faculty Publications

Objective: We propose a simple approach to dealing with partial contestation in models of multiparty elections. Methods: Our proposed approach is to add a tiny value to the vote share of parties that do not contest a district and then to include dummy variables identifying those districts in which parties do not compete. We can then estimate a single system of equations using a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) approach and Aitchison's log-ratio transformation. In our SUR system, we interact the dummy variable for a party that partially contested districts with other predictors in the equation that uses the share of …

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Navigating Technological Change And The Landscape Of Work: Past, Present, And The Future, Alexandra Lucille Y. Navarez Jul 2024

Navigating Technological Change And The Landscape Of Work: Past, Present, And The Future, Alexandra Lucille Y. Navarez

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

No abstract provided.

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The Expression Of Mantle Seismic Anisotropy In The Global Seismic Wavefield, Jonathan Wolf, Maureen D. Long, Daniel A. Frost, Tarje Nissen-Meyer Jul 2024

The Expression Of Mantle Seismic Anisotropy In The Global Seismic Wavefield, Jonathan Wolf, Maureen D. Long, Daniel A. Frost, Tarje Nissen-Meyer

Faculty Publications

The dependence of seismic wave speeds on propagation or polarization direction, called seismic anisotropy, is a relatively direct indicator of mantle deformation and flow. Mantle seismic anisotropy is often inferred from measurements of shear-wave splitting. A number of standard techniques to measure shear-wave splitting have been applied globally; for example, *KS splitting is often used to measure upper mantle anisotropy. In order to obtain robust constraints on anisotropic geometry, it is necessary to sample seismic anisotropy from different directions, ideally using different seismic phases with different incidence angles. However, many standard analysis techniques can only be applied for certain epicentral …

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Entrypoints For Integrating Computing And Tech Into Teacher Education: Addressing Problems And Opportunities With The Encite Framework, Sara E. Vogel, Aman Yadav, David Phelps, Aankit Patel Jul 2024

Entrypoints For Integrating Computing And Tech Into Teacher Education: Addressing Problems And Opportunities With The Encite Framework, Sara E. Vogel, Aman Yadav, David Phelps, Aankit Patel

Publications and Research

To coherently integrate computing and digital technology into teacher education, stakeholders at teacher preparation institutions must grapple with a complex landscape of problems and opportunities. This paper’s literature review maps that landscape into problems and opportunities that are (1) technological, (2) pedagogical, definitional / (3) ideological, (4) political, and (5) developmental in nature. While existing frameworks respond to particular aspects of these areas (e.g. the popular TPACK framework zooms in on technological and pedagogical questions), stakeholders engaged in curricular planning must think more holistically about how to prepare future teachers. We share EnCITE (Entrypoints to Computing Integrated Teacher Education), a …

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Pressure And Temperature Conditions Across The Mct And Other High Strain Zones Along The Marsyangdi River; Comparison To Modi Khola River Results, Katherine Dudenhoefer Jul 2024

Pressure And Temperature Conditions Across The Mct And Other High Strain Zones Along The Marsyangdi River; Comparison To Modi Khola River Results, Katherine Dudenhoefer

Nepal: Geoscience in the Himalaya

As a result of the Indo-Asia collision, the Main Central Thrust (MCT) is a ductile shear zone that extends across the Himalayas and marks the fault boundary between the Greater Himalayan Crystallines (GHC) and the Lesser Himalayan Sequence (LHS). Due to the nature of this thrust fault, the GHCs are being stacked on top of the LHS despite their older age and higher grade of metamorphism. However, previously published works show that the MCT is more active in certain regions of Nepal than others. The GHC in the Modi Khola region to the west is thicker than the Marsyangdi region …

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An Evaluation Of Factors Impeding Growth On Telpas And Insights For Academic Advancement, Blanca I. De La Sierra Jul 2024

An Evaluation Of Factors Impeding Growth On Telpas And Insights For Academic Advancement, Blanca I. De La Sierra

Education Theses and Dissertations

The study evaluates factors impeding the growth of the Texas English Language Proficiency Assessment System (TELPAS) and provides crucial insights for academic advancement among English Learners (ELs) within a Texas district. Employing a mixed methods approach, the research integrates quantitative data from STAAR and TELPAS scores with qualitative insights from interviews and surveys, offering a comprehensive understanding of ELs’ academic challenges and successes. A significant improvement in STAAR reading performance from 2021 to 2023 was observed. However, TELPAS scores remained stable, indicating that improvements in reading proficiency did not fully translate into overall language proficiency gains required for reclassification. This …

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Unified Training Of Universal Time Series Forecasting Transformers, Gerald Woo, Chenghao Liu, Akshat Kumar, Caiming Xiong, Silvio Savarese, Doyen Sahoo Jul 2024

Unified Training Of Universal Time Series Forecasting Transformers, Gerald Woo, Chenghao Liu, Akshat Kumar, Caiming Xiong, Silvio Savarese, Doyen Sahoo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Deep learning for time series forecasting has traditionally operated within a one-model-per-dataset framework, limiting its potential to leverage the game-changing impact of large pre-trained models. The concept of universal forecasting, emerging from pre-training on a vast collection of time series datasets, envisions a single Large Time Series Model capable of addressing diverse downstream forecasting tasks. However, constructing such a model poses unique challenges specific to time series data: i) cross-frequency learning, ii) accommodating an arbitrary number of variates for multivariate time series, and iii) addressing the varying distributional properties inherent in large-scale data. To address these challenges, we present novel …

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Unveiling The Dynamics Of Crisis Events: Sentiment And Emotion Analysis Via Multi-Task Learning With Attention Mechanism And Subject-Based Intent Prediction, Phyo Yi Win Myint, Siaw Ling Lo, Yuhao Zhang Jul 2024

Unveiling The Dynamics Of Crisis Events: Sentiment And Emotion Analysis Via Multi-Task Learning With Attention Mechanism And Subject-Based Intent Prediction, Phyo Yi Win Myint, Siaw Ling Lo, Yuhao Zhang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In the age of rapid internet expansion, social media platforms like Twitter have become crucial for sharing information, expressing emotions, and revealing intentions during crisis situations. They offer crisis responders a means to assess public sentiment, attitudes, intentions, and emotional shifts by monitoring crisis-related tweets. To enhance sentiment and emotion classification, we adopt a transformer-based multi-task learning (MTL) approach with attention mechanism, enabling simultaneous handling of both tasks, and capitalizing on task interdependencies. Incorporating attention mechanism allows the model to concentrate on important words that strongly convey sentiment and emotion. We compare three baseline models, and our findings show that …

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Fine-Grained Passenger Load Prediction Inside Metro Network Via Smart Card Data, Xiancai Tian, Chen Zhang, Baihua Zheng Jul 2024

Fine-Grained Passenger Load Prediction Inside Metro Network Via Smart Card Data, Xiancai Tian, Chen Zhang, Baihua Zheng

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Metro system serves as the backbone for urban public transportation. Accurate passenger load prediction for the metro system plays a crucial role in metro service quality improvement, such as helping operators schedule train timetables and passengers plan their trips. However, existing works can only predict low-grained passenger flows of origin-destination (O-D) paths or inflows/outflows of each station but cannot predict passenger load distribution over the whole metro network. To this end, this paper proposes an end-to-end inference framework, PIPE, for passenger load prediction of every metro segment between two adjacent stations, by only utilizing smart card data. In particular, PIPE …

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Reproducibility Debt: Challenges And Future Pathways, Zara Hassan, Christoph Treude, Michael Norrish, Graham Williams, Alex Potanin Jul 2024

Reproducibility Debt: Challenges And Future Pathways, Zara Hassan, Christoph Treude, Michael Norrish, Graham Williams, Alex Potanin

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Reproducibility of scientic computation is a critical factor in validating its underlying process, but it is often elusive. Complexity and continuous evolution in software systems have introduced new challenges for reproducibility across a myriad of computational sciences, resulting in growing debt. This requires a comprehensive domain-agnostic study to dene and asses Reproducibility Debt (RpD) in scientic software, thus uncovering and classifying all underlying factors attributed towards its emergence and identication i.e., causes and eects. Moreover, an organised map of prevention strategies is imperative to guide researchers for its proactive management. This vision paper highlights the challenges that hinder eective management …

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Improving Distributed Health Information Technology Integration Through Enriched Context In Sociotechnical System Components, Jeritt Thayer Jul 2024

Improving Distributed Health Information Technology Integration Through Enriched Context In Sociotechnical System Components, Jeritt Thayer

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

The design and architecture of health information technology (HIT) are in the process of a transformative shift. Monolithic code bases, which are several systems intertwined into a single program, are being split into multiple distributed programs that communicate across information networks. Thus far, only sparse knowledge exists about the challenges of distributed HIT, and the interaction of these architectures with other factors of the sociotechnical system, such as clinical content, is not well understood. Existing sociotechnical models describe the components within a healthcare system and the connections between components, but the types of relationships between each component are underspecified. Within …

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Perception Of Motivation On Adult Student Academic Achievement, Hailey Swanson Jul 2024

Perception Of Motivation On Adult Student Academic Achievement, Hailey Swanson

School of Education and Leadership Student Capstone Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated how adult learners describe their educational motivation. Twenty-four adult students from two adult education programs responded to a cross-sectional survey focused on intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for pursuing continued education. The survey items consisted of both Likert scale statements and short responses. The data collected led to the conclusion that no definitive description of motivation would allow for a single reactive change to adult curriculum. The research indicates a significant overlap in intrinsic and extrinsic motivational impact. The resulting answer to the research question was that motivation is interrelated and not divided cleanly between intrinsic and extrinsic …

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Preferential Crystallization Of (±)-Pinenyllithium·Tmeda, Alexander N. Erickson, Curtis Haltiwanger, Masoumeh Rahim, Charles M. Garner Jul 2024

Preferential Crystallization Of (±)-Pinenyllithium·Tmeda, Alexander N. Erickson, Curtis Haltiwanger, Masoumeh Rahim, Charles M. Garner

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

(±)-Pinenyllithium·TMEDA or (tetra­methyl­ethylenedi­amine-κ2N,N′)(η3-6,6-di­methyl-2-methylenebi­cyclo­[3.1.1]hept­yl)lithium, [Li(C10H15)(C6H16N2)], is readily pre­pared from β-pinene, butyl­lithium and TMEDA, and the racemic material pre­fer­entially crystallizes even from 96:4 (92% ee) mixtures of (−)- and (+)-β-pinene, respectively. The structure is monomeric, with the geminal-dimethyl bridge of the bicyclic structure shielding one face of the allyl system, restricting the lithium to the opposite face and preventing the Li–all­yl–Li aggregation observed with some other allyl­lithium systems. The symmetry of the allyl system, bond lengths, bond angles and out-of-plane deviations …

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Exploring Mean Reversion Dynamics In Financial Markets: Insights From Hurst Exponent Analysis, Shifa Hasan, Renu Ghosh Jul 2024

Exploring Mean Reversion Dynamics In Financial Markets: Insights From Hurst Exponent Analysis, Shifa Hasan, Renu Ghosh

The Indonesian Capital Market Review

The current study investigates mean reversion and the speed of mean reversion within financial mar- kets at BSE 200 and NSE Nifty 200 for a data set of 20 years (2004–2024). It employs a variety of techniques, including traditional tests like the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Philips-Perron (PP) tests, as well as long-term dependency analysis using the Hurst exponent. The Ornstein-Uhlen- beck process facilitated the speed of mean reversion. Empirical data demonstrates that mean rever- sion processes exhibit Hurst exponent values less than 0.5, suggesting mean reverting behaviour. This signifies the importance of adopting long-term perspectives in decision-making and trading …

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Determinant Of Etf Sharia Performance And The Moderating Role Of Fund Size, Fajriyatul Abadiyah Jul 2024

Determinant Of Etf Sharia Performance And The Moderating Role Of Fund Size, Fajriyatul Abadiyah

The Indonesian Capital Market Review

The aim of this research is based on the potential and development of sharia investment products on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, namely the Sharia Exchange Traded Fund in recent years. Sharia ETFs are mutual funds that can be traded on the capital market like shares whose performance adheres to a sharia reference index. Having a hybrid composition that combines the performance of mutual funds and the practicality of shares, makes Sharia ETFs have a special attraction for investors. This research tries to examine the determining factors of fund performance traded on the Islamic exchange which include tracking error, trading volume, …

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Tunneling Dynamics Of 164dy Supersolids And Droplets, S. I. Mistakidis, K. Mukherjee, S. M. Reimann, H. R. Sadeghpour Jul 2024

Tunneling Dynamics Of 164dy Supersolids And Droplets, S. I. Mistakidis, K. Mukherjee, S. M. Reimann, H. R. Sadeghpour

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The tunneling dynamics of a magnetic Dy164 quantum gas in an elongated or pancake skewed double-well trap is investigated with a time-dependent extended Gross-Pitaevskii approach. Upon lifting the energy offset, different tunneling regimes can be identified. In the elongated trap and for sufficiently large offset, the different configurations exhibit collective macroscopic tunneling. For smaller offset, partial reflection from and transmission through the barrier lead to density accumulation in both wells, and eventually to tunneling locking. One can also reach the macroscopic self-trapping regime for increasing relative dipolar interaction strength, while tunneling vanishes for large barrier heights. A richer dynamical behavior …

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Critical Behavior And Collective Modes At The Superfluid Transition In Amorphous Systems, Pulloor Kuttanikkad Vishnu, Martin Puschmann, Rajesh Narayanan, Thomas Vojta Jul 2024

Critical Behavior And Collective Modes At The Superfluid Transition In Amorphous Systems, Pulloor Kuttanikkad Vishnu, Martin Puschmann, Rajesh Narayanan, Thomas Vojta

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We investigate the critical behavior and the dynamics of the amplitude (Higgs) mode close to the superfluid-insulator quantum phase transition in an amorphous system (i.e., a system subject to topological randomness). In particular, we map the two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian defined on a random Voronoi-Delaunay lattice onto a (2+1)-dimensional layered classical XY model with correlated topological disorder. We study the resulting model by laying recourse to classical Monte Carlo simulations. We specifically focus on the scalar susceptibility of the order parameter to study the dynamics of the amplitude mode. To do so, we harness the maximum entropy method to perform the …

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Can Nutrition Education Reduce Division Iii Female Athlete's Risk Of Developing Low Energy Availability, Coby Stover Jul 2024

Can Nutrition Education Reduce Division Iii Female Athlete's Risk Of Developing Low Energy Availability, Coby Stover

Masters Theses/Capstone Projects

Context: Low Energy availability (LEA) is widely acknowledged as a state in which an individual does not have sufficient energy to support normal functions within the body after energy has been expended through exercise. In sports environments, athletes can exhibit LEA for a variety of reasons. These reasons range from improper food intake to effectively fuel and re-fuel their body for the energy demands of their specific sport, to eating disorders (ED) and eating disorder behaviors. Access to appropriate nutrition knowledge is also a major factor that can place athletes at risk for developing LEA. Both males and females …

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What To Know About Pipeline Safety, University Of North Dakota. Energy And Environmental Research Center Jul 2024

What To Know About Pipeline Safety, University Of North Dakota. Energy And Environmental Research Center

EERC Brochures and Fact Sheets

Fact sheet about carbon dioxide transportation via pipeline. Includes information on safety and reliability of CO2 pipelines.

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Will Capturing Co2 Harm Local Plant Growth?, University Of North Dakota. Energy And Environmental Research Center Jul 2024

Will Capturing Co2 Harm Local Plant Growth?, University Of North Dakota. Energy And Environmental Research Center

EERC Brochures and Fact Sheets

Capturing CO2 will not harm local plant growth. The goal of CO2 capture is to slow the increase of CO2 levels in the atmosphere, not to reduce CO2 to levels that could impact crop growth.

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Thermal Hydraulic Analysis For Different Subchannels Of Generic Vver-1200, Mosaddak Ahamed Zahid, Md. Imam Mehedi, Shamsul Arefin Shibly, A. S. Mollah Jul 2024

Thermal Hydraulic Analysis For Different Subchannels Of Generic Vver-1200, Mosaddak Ahamed Zahid, Md. Imam Mehedi, Shamsul Arefin Shibly, A. S. Mollah

International Journal of Nuclear Security

The demand for nuclear energy is steadily increasing all over the world. Most nuclear power is used for peaceful applications such as power generation, healthcare, agriculture, food security, industry, and research. One of the primary applications of nuclear energy is the generation of electricity through nuclear power plants based on nuclear reactors. Many developing countries around the world (such as Bangladesh) are moving toward nuclear power plants because they have huge advantages, including low-cost energy, reliable energy sources, zero carbon emissions, and high energy concentration. As a result, the demand for nuclear reactor protection and operational protection of nuclear power …

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Incorporating Human Movement Variability In Bimanual Multifrequency Coordination, Marilena Kalaitzi Manifrenti Jul 2024

Incorporating Human Movement Variability In Bimanual Multifrequency Coordination, Marilena Kalaitzi Manifrenti

Theses, Dissertations, and Student Creative Activity

Coordination is the organization of a system’s components to achieve collective behavior, whether within an individual or across systems. Coordination may be either monofrequency, the systems oscillating at the same frequency (e.g. 1:1), or multifrequency, the systems oscillating at unique frequencies (e.g. 1:3). Multifrequency coordination is typically described by the sine circle map (SCM); however, several limitations arise when describing human movement. Healthy young adults' movements exhibit Pink noise, a pattern in the timing of their actions that enables them to adapt flexibly to environmental changes by resulting in well-coordinated behavioral adjustments. The SCM fails to capture the natural variability …

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Wooster Magazine: Summer 2024, Caitlin Paynich Stanowick Jul 2024

Wooster Magazine: Summer 2024, Caitlin Paynich Stanowick

Wooster Magazine: 2021-2030

In the summer 2024 issue of Wooster magazine students and alumni share what inspired their capstone scholarship at Wooster and where it led them. The Class of 2024 drew from their own interests to design scholarly research and creative expression unique to them; students featured include Athena Tharenos, Levi Gainer, Briana Mosley, Corey Knauf, and Tyara Thompson. For some students, I.S. uncovers a wonder and eagerness to further their study in the area. This issue also shares the stories of alumni who built upon the foundation of their I.S. for ongoing research, professional work, and everyday inspiration including John Trainor …

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Enacting Data Context: Fixing Meaning In Transparency Data Initiatives, Lindsay Poirier Jul 2024

Enacting Data Context: Fixing Meaning In Transparency Data Initiatives, Lindsay Poirier

Statistical and Data Sciences: Faculty Publications

This article documents the “context cultures” underpinning efforts to develop regulations for collecting and reporting data in a United States public database known as Open Payments. Open Payments is a dataset published annually by the US Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services that documents the transfers of value from pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturers to physicians, prescribing non-physicians, and teaching hospitals. In the article, I show context became a manifold concern as differentially-situated actors engaged in modes of public advocacy and social action around not only what data meant, but also what it meant to make data meaningful. I show …

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