Digital Commons Network^™

Seasonal Variability Of Surface Ocean Carbon Uptake And Chlorophyll-A Concentration In The West Antarctic Peninsula Over Two Decades, Jessica S. Turner, David R. Munro, Amanda Fay, Sharon Stammerjohn, Heather Kim, Oscar Schofield, Heidi Dierssen

OES Faculty Publications

The Southern Ocean plays a vital role in global CO₂ uptake, but the magnitude and even the sign of the flux remain uncertain, and the influence of phytoplankton phenology is underexplored. This study focuses on the West Antarctic Peninsula, a region experiencing rapid climate change, to examine shifts in seasonal carbon uptake. Using 20 years of in situ air-sea CO₂ flux and satellite-derived Chlorophyll-a, we observe that the seasonal cycles of both air-sea CO₂ flux and Chlorophyll-a intensify poleward. The amplitude of the seasonal cycle of the non-thermal component of surface ocean pCO₂ increases with increasing latitude, while the amplitude …

Agu's Scientific Legacy, Eileen E. Hofmann, Tissa Illangasekare, Francis A. Macdonald, Michael J. Mcphaden, Anne Meltzer, Imke De Pater, Susan J. Roberts, Anne M. Thompson

OES Faculty Publications

The AGU community is a resource for insights into how past research has influenced today's science and will continue to inform the Earth and Space sciences of the future. To capture the voices and opinions from this community, three interviews were held at the 2024 AGU Meeting and broadcast on AGUTV. The interviews with Richard Alley, Susan Lozier and Rana Fine aligned with the daily themes for the 2024 AGU Meeting. The interviewees shared insights from their experiences about the importance of science and how science has shaped their careers and society.

Impact Of Submarine Groundwater Discharge On Microbial Communities In A Highly Anthropized Coastal Lagoon (Mar Menor, Se Spain), Daniel Romano-Gude, Júlia Dordal-Soriano, Júlia Rodriguez-Puig, Andrea G. Bravo, Irene Alorda-Montiel, Aaron Alorda-Kleinglass, Marc Diego-Feliu, Cristina Romera-Castillo, Rebeca Mallenco-Fornies, Javier Gilabert, Jordi Garcia-Orellana, Valentí Rodellas, Clara Ruiz-González

OES Faculty Publications

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) supplies large quantities of nutrients and other terrestrial elements to coastal ecosystems, impacting marine biota and ecosystem functioning. Despite the relevance of prokaryotes for marine biogeochemistry, little is known about their responses to groundwater inputs. Here we explored the impact of SGD on the spatiotemporal patterns of prokaryotic communities from the Mar Menor (Murcia, Spain), a highly anthropized hypersaline coastal lagoon that receives large amounts of nutrient-polluted SGD. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, activity assays, and flow cytometry, we investigated the dynamics of prokaryotic communities across the lagoon and its connected environments (freshwater streams, groundwater, soils, …

Rock: Riesz Occupation Kernel Methods For Learning Dynamical Systems, Victor W. Reilly, Chau Nguyen, Kamel Lahouel, Anthony Kolshorn, Nicholas Fisher, Bruno Jedynak

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present a representer theorem for a large class of variational problems, generalizing regression, finite element methods, and providing techniques for learning partial and ordinary differential equations (PDEs and ODEs). We apply our formulation to the multivariate occupation kernel method (MOCK) for learning dynamical systems from data. Our generalized method outperforms the MOCK method on most tested datasets, while often requiring considerably fewer parameters. Experiments are presented for learning ODEs and PDEs.

Mock: An Algorithm For Learning Nonparametric Differential Equations Via Multivariate Occupation Kernel Functions, Victoria A. Rielly, Kamel Lahouel, Ethan Lew, Nicholas Fisher, Vicky Geneva Haney, Michael Wells, Bruno M. Jedynak

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Learning a nonparametric system of ordinary differential equations from trajectories in a -dimensional state space requires learning functions of variables. Explicit formulations often scale quadratically in unless additional knowledge about system properties, such as sparsity and symmetries, is available. In this work, we propose a linear approach, the multivariate occupation kernel method (MOCK), using the implicit formulation provided by vector-valued reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. The solution for the vector field relies on multivariate occupation kernel functions associated with the trajectories and scales linearly with the dimension of the state space. We validate through experiments on a variety of simulated and …

The Matryoshka Doll Prior – Principled Multiplicity Correction In Bayesian Model Comparison, Andrew Womack, Daniel Taylor-Rodríguez, Claudio Fuentes

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper introduces a general and principled construction of model space priors with a focus on regression problems. The proposed formulation regards each model as a “local” null hypothesis whose alternatives are the set of models that nest it. Assuming constant ratio of prior probabilities for any “local” null and its alternatives provides a natural isomorphism of model spaces (like a matryoshka doll), constituting an intuitive way to correct for multiplicity in Bayesian model selection and averaging problems. This isomorphism yields the Poisson distribution as the unique limiting distribution over model dimension under mild assumptions. We compare this model space …

Belonging: Data Reasoning, About Ourselves And Others, Eva Thanheiser, Molly Robinson, Simon Byeonguk Han, Amanda Sugimoto, Courtney Koestler, Mathew Felton-Koestler

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Using Watson’s belonging framework and GAISE II data reasoning, this lesson invites students to collect, analyze, and represent personal data. In doing so, they see themselves and their peers reflected in the work, reinforcing their value as active participants in both mathematical thinking and the classroom community.

Adapting Data Science Competencies By Role And Purpose: Voice Ai, David A Dorr, Andrea Krussel, Rachel Hauck, Christie Jackson, Abhijeet Dalal, Steven Bedrick, Philip R O Payne, Bridge2ai-Voice Consortium;, William Hersh

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Competencies help define the skills and knowledge needed by learners. Often broad, educators integrate competencies to provide a framework for curricula or professional standards. For data science, the rate of change in the field, role variations, and specificity in key applications can be challenging. Our objective was to adapt general data science competencies for different learner roles in an emerging area: the clinical utility of Voice, Language, and Speech-based Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML). Using a persona-inductive approach, we adapted competencies to support learners from varying professional and educational backgrounds and implemented these adaptations in a multi-institutional summer school. Results from …

Digital Otoscopy With Computer-Aided Composite Image Generation: Impact On The Correct Diagnosis, Confidence, And Time, Seda Camalan, Carl D Langefeld, Amy Zinnia, Brigham Mckee, Matthew L Carlson, Nicholas L Deep, Michael S Harris, Taha A Jan, Vivian F Kaul, Nathan R Lindquist, Jameson K Mattingly, Jay Shah, Kevin Y Zhan, Metin N Gurcan, Aaron C Moberly

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: This study investigated the comparative performance of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) physicians in correctly detecting ear abnormalities when reviewing digital otoscopy imaging using 3 different visualization methods, including computer-assisted composite images called "SelectStitch," single video frame "Still" images, and video clips. The study also explored clinicians' diagnostic confidence levels and the time to make a diagnosis.

Study design: Clinician diagnostic reader study.

Setting: Online diagnostic survey of ENT physicians.

Methods: Nine ENT physicians reviewed digital otoscopy examinations from 86 ears with various diagnoses (normal, perforation, retraction, middle ear effusion, tympanosclerosis). Otoscopy examinations used artificial-intelligence (AI)-based computer-aided composite image …

Consumption Pressure In Estuaries Peaks At Intermediate Salinities, Catherine E. De Rivera, Amy A. Larson, Benjamin G. Rubinoff, Luna R. Soto, Seth L. Wright, Edwin D. Grosholz, Gregory M. Ruiz, Andrew L. Chang

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

The nature and strength of biotic interactions change along stress gradients, but the importance of these interactions across estuarine gradients is under studied. Here, we examined how consumption varies across estuarine salinity gradients by deploying standardized baits (‘squidpops’) to measure consumption pressure along the gradients of five estuaries in Oregon, USA. The relationship between consumption and stress was nonlinear: consumption pressure peaked slightly at mid salinity and decreased at low salinity, especially as temperature increased, in the five estuaries studied. This finding does not support either of two existing models for consumption across gradients, including the Consumer Stress Model and …

Fueling Adaptation: Collaborative Wildfire Governance In The Colorado Front Range Landscape, Mahmood Muttaqee, Cody Evers, Lindsay K. Campbell, Max Nielsen-Pincus, Olivia Awbrey, Kathryn Hixson, Michelle Johnson, Erika Svendsen

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Collaborative governance plays a critical role in wildfire risk mitigation efforts. This study examines collaborative wildfire governance networks within the Colorado Front Range, a landscape that was designated under the USDA Forest Service's Wildfire Crisis Strategy (WCS). Collaborative governance networks in the Colorado Front Range leverage partnerships across multiple organizational actors including federal, state, and local agencies, non-profits, fire districts, and research institutions. Through survey data collected from 281 respondents revealing a collaborative network of 401 organizations, the study aimed to identify the structure, capacity, and gaps in governance networks addressing wildfire risk in the Colorado Front Range. Survey results …

Urban Heterogeneity Drives Dissolved Organic Matter Sources, Transport, And Transformation From Local To Macro Scales, Rebecca L. Hale, Kristina G. Hopkins, Krista A. Capps, John S. Kominoski, Jennifer L. Morse, Allison H. Roy, Shuo Chen, Annika Quick, Andrew J. Blinn, Liz Ortiz Muñoz, Gwendolynn Folk

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Urbanization reshapes dissolved organic matter (DOM) sources, transport, and transformations through changes in vegetation, hydrology, and management of waste and water. Yet the impacts of urbanization on DOM are variable within and among cities. Predicting heterogeneous responses to urbanization is challenged by diverse human activities and underlying biophysical variation along stream networks. Using data from the 486 largest urban areas in the continental United States and seven focal cities, we identified macro and local scale urban gradients in social, built, and biophysical factors that are expected to shape DOM. We used these gradients and the literature to develop hypotheses about …

The Utility Of Brain Biomarkers In Predicting Survival And Neurological Outcomes In Pediatric Patients After Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Halla Kamińska, Krzysztof Kurek, Michał Zembala, Sagar Galwankar, Monika Tomaszewska, Shraddha Singh, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Michał Pruc, Basar Cander, Francesco Chirico, Amelia Rizzo, Jacek Kubica, Ayman El-Menyar, Anne Lepetit, Pawel Patrzylas, Zubaid Rafique, W Frank Peacock, Łukasz Szarpak

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Cardiac arrest in children is associated with high morbidity and mortality, primarily due to neurological injury. Biomarkers linked to brain injury, released into circulation from compromised elements of the neurovascular unit, act as significant prognostic indicators in patients suffering from hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) subsequent to the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after pediatric cardiac arrest. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the prognostic utility of brain injury biomarkers in predicting neurological outcomes and survival in patients following cardiac arrest in the pediatric population.

Methods: Bibliographic databases (PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase) were …

Permafrost And Structural Controls On Holocene Bedrock Landslide Occurrence Around Eyjafjörður, North‐Central Iceland, Adam Booth, Halldór G. Pétursson

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Rapid, transient, landscape‐scale changes associated with deglaciation can condition slopes for failure and trigger bedrock landslides. However, the mechanisms leading to paleo rock slope failures following the last glacial period are challenging to infer because observations of how both landsliding and potential driving factors were distributed in space and time are limited. Here, we map and analyze the spatiotemporal pattern of 676 post‐glacial bedrock landslides around Eyjafjörður in north‐central Iceland using 2‐m resolution digital elevation data generated from optical stereo satellite imagery. Frequency‐ratio analysis demonstrates that after controlling for slope, landslides are most overrepresented within 2.6 km horizontal distances from …

The Petrology Of The Ozerki Meteorite Constrained By Electron Backscatter Diffraction And X-Ray Computed Tomography, Alice Macente, Luke Daly, Sammy Griffin, Maria Gritsevich, Jarmo Moilanen, Josh Franz Einsle, Patrick Trimby, Chris Mulcahy, Jonathan Moffat, Alexander M. Ruzicka

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Combining electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) with X-ray computed tomography (XCT) offers a comprehensive approach to investigate shock deformation and rock texture in meteorites, yet such integration remains uncommon. In this study, we demonstrate the synergistic potential of XCT and EBSD in revealing deformation metrics, thereby enhancing our understanding of petrofabric strength and shock-induced deformation. Our analysis focuses on the Ozerki (L6, S4/5, W0) meteorite fall, which was instrumentally observed on June 21, 2018, and subsequently recovered by the Ural's branch of the Russian Fireball Network (UrFU) recovery expedition a few days later. The trajectory analysis conducted by the Finnish Fireball …

The Geography Of Rock Glaciers In The American West, Allison Reese Trcka, Andrew G. Fountain, Bryce Allen Glenn

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Rock glaciers are relatively common in conterminous United States west of the 100° meridian, yet their distribution and number are not well known. Using aerial and satellite imagery, we inventoried the population of rock glaciers, yielding 2,257 rock glaciers totaling 234.28 km² with an area of uncertainty of 7 percent. Of these, 1,561 (155.44 km²) are considered intact (moving) and 696 (76.84 km²) relict. Based on published estimates of ice content, total water-equivalent volume is roughly 2.52 km³. Rock glacier elevations increase from the northwest (Washington) to the southeast (Colorado), following a spatial …

Quantum-Mechanical Definition Of The Classical Scalar Potential In Schrödinger-Pauli And Schrödinger Theory, Viraht Sahni

Publications and Research

According to the Bohr correspondence principle, the external temporal scalar potential in the classical equation of motion is replicated in quantum theory as a multiplicative operator. An equivalent quantum-mechanical definition of the scalar potential in Schrödinger-Pauli/Schrödinger theory is provided. The potential is a known universal functional of the wave function. At each instant of time, it is the work done in a conservative “classical” field representative of internal properties of the system: Pauli and Coulomb correlations, kinetic effects, the density, the Lorentz force, an internal magnetic component, and the current density response. The Hamiltonians are thus rewritten in a …

A Computational Approach For Intramural Length Estimation In Anomalous Aortic Origin Of A Coronary Artery, Vikram Shah, Lauren Ferrino, Dana Reaves-O'Neal, Tam T Doan, Shagun Sachdeva, Craig G Rusin, Dan Lior, Charles Puelz, Prakash M Masand, Silvana Molossi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) is associated with sudden cardiac death. The intramural (IM) length is considered high-risk, yet radiologic measurements by computed tomography angiography (CTA) show variable agreement with measurements at surgery. We aimed to develop a semi-automatic computational method to estimate IM length in a retrospective cohort of surgical AAOCA patients.

Methods: In 58 patients [49 right(R), 9 left(L)], CTA images were used to generate 3D segmentations of the aorta and a centerline of the anomalous coronary. The distance from the centerline to the aortic segmentation was calculated. The IM length was estimated from …

Ai-Based Detection Of Coronary Artery Occlusion Using Acoustic Biomarkers Before And After Stent Placement, David Anderson Lloyd, Andrei Dragomir, Bulent Ozpolat, Biykem Bozkurt, Yasemin Akay, Metin Akay

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Subito 2025, Portland State University. School Of Music & Theater

Subito: Student Voices from Portland State University School of Music & Theater

Issue 8, Spring 2025

Explore the boundless creativity and passionate inquiry within this year's journal. Topics range from microtonal tuning systems unrestricted by cultural boundaries, to creative tips from composer and interdisciplinary artists, to analysis of Arvo Pärt and poetic ruminations of singing Beethoven's 9th.

Overcoming Judicial Innumeracy: A Proposal To Bring The Venerable Process Of Peer Review To The Enduring Problem Of Courts’ Scientific Illiteracy, David L. Faigman

Faculty Scholarship

Lawyers are not known for their proficiency in math and science. Most of us who went to law school reached a point in our math and science studies when we realized that neither medicine nor engineering were likely to be successful career paths. It is these lawyers who become judges. Yet, the United States Supreme Court has increasingly put the burden for deciding complex scientific and technical questions in the hands of judges. This Article explores this trend of putting greater responsibility for deciding scientific and technical issues on judges, particularly in the areas of evidence law, administrative law, and …

Minimax Under Pressure: The Case Of Tennis, Ben Depoorter, Simon Jantschgi, Ivan Lendl, Miha Mlakar, Heinrich N. Nax

Faculty Scholarship

A series of articles has tested von Neumann’s minimax theory against behavioral evidence based on field data from professional sports. The evidence has been viewed and collectively cited as positive evidence that elite athletes in their familiar sports contexts mix well and behave in line with minimax. In this paper, based on open state-of-the-art tennis data and analytics, we shall uncover new and significant evidence against minimax at the very top of the game, where previously, such results had not been obtained. The kinds of behavioral deviations from minimax that we find become apparent, because we enrich the test strategy …

“We Are The Future Of This Community”: Exploring Belonging And Rural Healthcare Practice Intent In A High School Medical Sciences Club: A Case Study Of Rural Youth Identity, Purpose, And Place, Sydney Ann Lyons

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Rural communities across the United States are facing critical healthcare workforce shortages, threatening access to quality care for underserved populations. Health career pathway programs offer a promising solution: a “grow our own” strategy to inspire local youth to pursue healthcare careers. However, little research has explored the role of belonging, identity development, and place-connection in strengthening these programs' outcomes. This case study investigates how participation in the Medical Sciences Club at Del Norte High School— located in rural Northern California— shapes students’, personal growth, career purpose, and rural healthcare practice intent. Through interviews with students, educators, and parents, I found …

Descending An Inclined Plane With A Large Language Model, Justin C. Dunlap, Ryan Sissons, Ralf Widenhorn

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

[This paper is part of the Focused Collection in Artificial Intelligence Tools in Physics Teaching and Physics Education Research.] We present a study in which a version of a common conservation of mechanical energy introductory physics problem, an object released on an inclined plane, is given to OpenAI’s GPT-4 large language model (LLM). We investigate how different permutations of object, action verb, and property of the incline impact the responses of the LLM. The problem setup and prompting was left purposefully minimal, requiring the LLM to state multiple assumptions to justify the final answer. We specifically studied how different keywords …

Clea Labs For Stellar And Cosmological Astronomy Bottled For Silicon Macintosh, Hansika Reddy Bandela, Yuktha Shetty, Jack C. Straton

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Project CLEA -- CONTEMPORARY LABORATORY EXPERIENCES IN ASTRONOMY -- develops laboratory exercises that illustrate modern astronomical techniques using digital data and color images.

These Labs were developed for Windows, but the authors have bottled them for Silicon Macintosh computers.

Clea Labs For Planetary, Stellar, And Cosmological Astronomy Configured For 64-Bit Windows 11+ Machines, Itan Altamirano, Jack C. Straton

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Project CLEA -- CONTEMPORARY LABORATORY EXPERIENCES IN ASTRONOMY -- develops laboratory exercises that illustrate modern astronomical techniques using digital data and color images.

These Labs were developed for 32-bit Windows machines but PSU student Itan Altamirano reconfigured installation programs to bypass steps that ask for DVDs and allowing these 32-bit programs to work on 64-bit Windows 11+ computers.

Clea Labs For Planetary Astronomy Bottled For Silicon Macintosh, Yuktha Shetty, Hansika Reddy Bandela, Jack C. Straton

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Project CLEA -- CONTEMPORARY LABORATORY EXPERIENCES IN ASTRONOMY -- develops laboratory exercises that illustrate modern astronomical techniques using digital data and color images.

These Labs were developed for Windows, but the authors have bottled them for Silicon Macintosh computers.

Citizen’S Rare Plant Watch, Nora Dunkirk, Gabriel Campbell, Kris Freitag

Rae Selling Berry Seed Bank and Plant Conservation Program

Rare species data for plants is lacking, hindering land management decisions and conservation outcomes. With Citizen's Rare Plant Watch, we empower citizen scientists to provide the “eyes on the ground” and collect data needed for conservation decision making in Oregon.

Largely Enhanced Out-Of-Plane Electromechanical Coupling Effects In Two-Dimensional Molybdenum-Disulfide/Boron-Nitride Heterostructures, Qiong Liu, Vijay Kumar Choyal, James E. Morris, Timon Rabczuk, Xiaoning Jiang, Xiaoying Zhuang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The electromechanical coupling effects in two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted great interest. However, for 2D TMDs, piezoelectricity is confined to the basal plane, and the flexoelectricity-derived out-of-plane electromechanical response is usually faint, limiting the applications of this material family using the out-of-plane electromechanical effects. Here, this work reports a facile strategy to greatly enhance the out-of-plane electromechanical response of hexagonal molybdenum disulfide (2H-MoS₂) nanoflakes by stacking monolayer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) on 2H-MoS₂ nanoflakes to form MoS₂/BN heterostructures. The d^eff/₃₃ coefficient of MoS₂/BN can reach a value comparable …

Estimating Electric Power Consumption Of Grid-Enabled Residential Heat Pump Water Heaters, Dana Paresa, Robert Bass

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present two methods for estimating compressor electric power consumption of residential heat pump water heaters. Power is calculated using data from voltage and current instrumentation, which add costs and potential failure points to the unit. The two methods presented herein use thermal instrumentation or derived data that are typically included within modern residential heat pump water heaters. One method uses data from lower and upper tank temperature sensors. The other method uses an attribute that is commonly available within grid-enabled flexible load heat pump water heaters. For both methods, fit equations were derived, for which coefficients are tuned to …