Digital Commons Network^™

Preferences And Feasibility Of Long-Acting Technologies For The Treatment Of Hepatitis C Virus: A Survey Of Patients In Diverse Low- And Middle-Income Countries, Renae Furl, Kimberly Scarsi, Harlan Sayles, Matt Anderson, Joelle Dountio Ofimboudem, Ethel D. Weld, Imam Waked, Asmaa Gomaa, Alzhraa Al-Khatib, Fatma Mohammed Elshobary, Hailemichael Desalegn, Henok Fisseha, Sunil Solomon, Shruti Mehta, Andrew Owen, Steve Rannard, David L. Thomas, Susan Swindells

Journal Articles: Infectious Diseases

Despite available curative treatments, global rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection persist with significant burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Long-acting (LA) antiviral products are in development. This study explored the challenges and opportunities in LA-HCV treatment across three LMICs: Egypt, Ethiopia and India. The survey focused on understanding barriers and facilitators to treatment, with emphasis on LA treatment preferences. Four-hundred respondents completed a survey including demographics, HCV treatment history and preferences for injections, implants and microarray patches (MAPs) compared to pills. Overall, 78% of respondents were willing to receive injections, 43% were willing to receive implants and …

Samuel Williston And The Restatement Of Contracts: How The Formalism Of Classical Legal Thought Modernized Contract Law, Daniel P. O'Gorman

Campbell Law Review

No abstract provided.

Grading Machines: Can Ai Exam-Grading Replace Law Professors?, Jens Frankenreiter, Kevin L. Cope, Scott Hirst, Eric A. Posner, Daniel Schwarcz, Dane Thorley

Scholarship@WashULaw

In the past few years, large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant technical advances, such that legal-advocacy organizations are increasingly adopting them as complements to—or substitutes for—lawyers and other human experts. Several studies have examined LLMs' performance in taking law school exams, finding mixed results. Yet there have been no published studies systematically analyzing LLMs' competence at one of law professors' chief responsibilities: grading law school exams. This paper presents results of an analysis of how LLMs perform in evaluating student responses to legal analysis questions of the kind typically administered in law school exams. The underlying data come from …

When Hard Cases Make Bad Law: A Theory Of How Case Facts Affect Judge-Made Law, Sepehr Shahshahani

Scholarship@WashULaw

“Hard cases make bad law” is one of the most famous aphorisms in Anglo-American law. Its insight is that when strict application of a generally sound law would impose a special hardship on someone, a court may be tempted to distort the law to avoid the hardship. Scholars have long debated the meaning and truth of the aphorism, but the debate has suffered from an imprecise conceptualization of what makes a case “hard.” This lack of precision limits our ability to disentangle and work through the important questions the aphorism raises about how the facts of a particular case affect …

Multi-Source Remote Sensing–Based Soil Moisture Prediction Using Machine Learning, Niraj Neupane

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Soil moisture (SM) plays a central role in climatic and environmental processes, influencing shear strength of soil, agricultural productivity, land–atmosphere interactions, and hydrologic functioning. However, accurately estimating SM across diverse climatic regions remains challenging due to spatial heterogeneity, limited in situ measurements, and inconsistencies in sensor resolution. Machine learning (ML) and remote sensing offer promising avenues for improving SM prediction, yet many existing approaches struggle with generalization across climatic gradients and often fail to capture temporal variability. This study integrates multi-source satellite and climate datasets, including SMAP L4_SM, MODIS land surface temperature, Daymet meteorological variables, and in situ observations from …

Quantitative Assessment And Validation Of Thermal Profiles In The Protodune-Ii Horizontal Drift Detector Using Computational Fluid Dynamics, Hunter Wallster

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) aims to advance understanding of neutrino properties using large liquid Argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs). The ProtoDUNE-II Horizontal Drift (HD) detector, constructed at CERN in Switzerland, serves as 1:20 scale prototype to validate design and operational parameters for DUNE’s Far Detectors. Accurate prediction of cryostat thermal behavior is critical to predicting liquid Argon purity distributions and detector performance, motivating the development of a validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. This research extends previous work at South Dakota State University by constructing a higher-fidelity CFD simulation of ProtoDUNE-II HD using Siemens Simcenter StarCCM+® 19.04.007. Geometry …

Quantifying Avian And Vegetation Communities On Agricultural Conservation Easement Wetlands In Eastern South Dakota, Katherine Millman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Prairie Pothole Region of eastern South Dakota contains numerous small depressional wetlands, colloquially known as potholes, that provide important ecosystem services, including water storage, water quality improvement, and wildlife habitat. The Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP) was established by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to protect and restore wetlands and grasslands on private land through easements such as Wetland Reserve Easements. Although ACEP requires management practices intended to maintain or improve habitat quality, few studies have evaluated their effectiveness at supporting wildlife communities and vegetation integrity. To address this gap, we evaluated wetlands at 30 ACEP sites and 20 …

Enhancing Alfalfa Persistence In Rangelands: Evaluating Morphological Traits Of Medicago Sativa Subsp. Falcata Germplasm, Abdulallah Mohammed Alomair

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Rangelands cover nearly half of the Earth’s surface, representing about 54% (79 million km2), and occur in different types and climates worldwide. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a major component in rangelands and covers about (320 thousand km2), representing about 0.4% of total global rangeland area. As a critical perennial legume crop, alfalfa can improve soil health by fixing approximately 336 kg/ha/year of nitrogen and sequestering up to 614 kg/ha/year of carbon, while enhancing livestock production due to its high content level of vitamins, magnesium, minerals, fiber, and protein. However, environmental stresses such as drought, freezing, and grazing limit alfalfa …

A New Deepfake Detection Method With No-Reference Image Quality Assessment To Resist Image Degradation, Jiajun Jiang, Wen-Chao Yang, Chung-Hao Chen, Timothy Young

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Deepfake technology, which utilizes advanced AI models such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), has led to the proliferation of highly convincing manipulated media, posing significant challenges for detection. Existing detection methods often struggle with the low-quality or compressed press, which is prevalent on social media platforms. This paper proposes a novel Deepfake detection framework that leverages No-Reference Image Quality Assessment (NRIQA) techniques, specifically, BRISQUE, NIQE, and PIQUE, to extract quality-related features from facial images. These features are then classified using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) with various kernel functions. We evaluate our method under both intra-dataset and cross-dataset settings. For …

Enhancing Channel Data Savings And Information Transfer Efficiency In Ultrasound Imaging, Sai Konda, Hicham Chaoui

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Ultrasound is a popular imaging technique mainly due to its non-invasive nature. And so, it is being used in a variety of applications. Due to plane wave imaging technique in ultrasound, frame rate of ultrasound imaging has the potential for being very high. Due to which, many channel data frames are being generated within a few seconds. As a result, tasks such as storing data frames and transferring them from front end ultrasonic system to processing computers are presenting significant challenges. Our current research work minimized these issues. We proposed and implemented: (a) Data encoding technique - We combined every …

The Pre-Polarization And Concentration Of Cells Near Micro-Electrodes Using Ac Electric Fields Enhances The Electrical Cell Lysis In A Sessile Drop, Kishor Kaphle, Dharmakeerthi Nawarathna

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Cell lysis is the starting step of many biomedical assays. Electric field-based cell lysis is widely used in many applications, including point-of-care (POC) applications, because it provides an easy one-step solution. Many electric field-based lysis methods utilize micro-electrodes to apply short electric pulses across cells. Unfortunately, these cell lysis devices produce relatively low cell lysis efficiency as electric fields do not reach a significant portion of cells in the sample. Additionally, the utility of syringe pumps for flow cells in and out of the microfluidics channel causes cell loss and low throughput cell lysis. To address these critical issues, we …

Key Brain Region Identification In Obesity Prediction With Structural Mri And Probabilistic Uncertainty Aware Model, Walia Farzana, Megan A. Witherow, Ahmed Temtam, Liangsuo Ma, Melanie Bean, F. Gerry Moeller, K. M. Iftekharuddin

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Objectives/Goals: Predictive performance alone may not determine a model’s clinical utility. Neurobiological changes in obesity alter brain structures, but traditional voxel-based morphometry is limited to group-level analysis. We propose a probabilistic model with uncertainty heatmaps to improve interpretability and personalized prediction. Methods/Study Population: The data for this study are sourced from the Human Connectome Project (HCP), with approval from the Washington University in St. Louis Institutional Review Board. We preprocessed raw T1-weighted structural MRI scans from 525 patients using an automated pipeline. The dataset is divided into training (357 cases), calibration (63 cases), and testing (105 cases). Our probabilistic model …

A Fast Framework For Generating Radioactive Mixture Spectra And Its Application To Remote High-Performance Mixture Identification, Chiman Kwan, Bulent Ayhan, Adam Stavola, Kazi Aminul Islam, Hongfang Zhang, Jiang Li

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Remote detection of radioactive materials in mixtures using handheld or portal detectors remains a challenge because of factors such as low concentration, environmental interference, sensor noise, and other complications. This work introduces a fast framework for generating realistic mixture spectra. Moreover, we present mixture isotope identification using data generated by the fast framework. Researchers have examined a range of conventional and recent algorithms within the fields of machine learning and deep learning. An application to uranium enrichment-level prediction has been included. Extensive simulation experiments validated the efficacy of the proposed framework.

Three Essays On Sustainability Economics, Hélène Flore Nguemgaing

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

As global economies face increasing resource dependencies and supply chain challenges, it becomes essential to understand the vulnerabilities that threaten economic stability. This dissertation investigates three empirical issues in agribusiness and critical minerals using econometric models to estimate the following: 1) the impact of supply chain disruptions on stock market returns during COVID-19; 2) the extraction of rare earth elements from acid mine drainage treatment by investigating the impacts of ownership and legislation in West Virginia and Pennsylvania; 3) China-to�FOBb (Free-on-Board) price transmission in rare earth elements markets: a copula-based dynamic tail dependence analysis.

The first essay evaluates how events …

Lives And Lessons Of Zoo Animals, Nicole Emlen

Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts

This project was an interdisciplinary museum exhibit that was displayed at the Montana Natural History Center between April 4 and May 12, 2025. It displays my photographs that I took of some of the animals I worked with during my summer 2024 internship at ZooMontana. In this project, I educate the public about three main functions of zoos--rescue, conservation, and education--through the stories and lives of four species. These animals all have unique stories that are important to share to improve public knowledge of why zoos are important and how we can improve relationships between humans and wildlife. Photography is …

Using Wida English Language Development Standards Framework To Make Language Visible In An International Baccalaureate Unit Of Inquiry, Wanqing Zhao

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis discusses the integration of the theory and practices of International Baccalaureate (IB) programs with those of the World-Class Instructional Design and Assessment (WIDA) English Language Development (ELD) Standards Framework (2020) to enhance language learning for English Language Learners (ELLs) in an IB Primary Years Program (PYP) in China. Focusing on a fourth-grade Unit of Inquiry (UOI) that concerns human migration, this paper explores two core areas: alignment between IB’s holistic, inquiry-driven approach and the WIDA ELD Standards Framework (2020), and strategies for making language visible to ELLs through WIDA’s Key Language Use of Explain genre family. The Teaching …

Kenyon College Course Catalog 2025-2026

Kenyon College Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Controls On Longitudinal Stream Profile Evolution In Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Samuel Schoenmann, Lisa Tranel, Eric W. Peterson, Jonathan Boyd Thayn

Faculty Publications - Geography, Geology, and the Environment

Canyons in Guadalupe Mountains National Park are excellent locations to study the discrete boundary conditions that influence longitudinal channel profile evolution including climate, tectonics, hydrology, and lithology. The Guadalupe Mountain landscape records deep earth mantle processes in combination with surficial channel erosion and incision. Knickpoints and convex segments in longitudinal river profiles document impacts of climate change, tectonics, or surface processes. This study combines field observations with an analysis of longitudinal profile slopes and residual errors to evaluate how bedrock strength can be distinguished from features created by climate change, faulting, or subsidence in Pine Springs and McKittrick Canyons within …

Spectrum Of The Lakes: Using Satellite Remote Sensing To Unveil Water Color In Minnesota's Sentinel Lakes For Water Quality Monitoring, Andrew J. Dooley, Wondwosen M. Seyoum, Catherine M. O'Reilly

Faculty Publications - Geography, Geology, and the Environment

Traditional water quality monitoring methods often face limitations of equipment costs and labor demands, requiring innovative approaches to effectively assess the ecological health of inland lakes across vast areas. This research explores the application of free, publicly available water color chromaticity analysis for midcontinent lakes in Minnesota, USA. We examined water color variations in Minnesota’s Sentinel Lakes using Landsat 8 OLI data to analyze surface reflectance samples collected from the deepest area within each lake during the late summer, corresponding to peak annual insolation and trophic activity. The median dominant visible wavelength was used to characterize water color. Results indicate …

A Number Talk Informed By The Socio-Ecological, Elizabeth Suazo-Flores, Darian Sherva, Christine Mcgrail, Amber Adgerson

Teaching, Leadership & Professional Practice Faculty Publications

Fourth graders used a variety of strategies to identify the total number of objects buried in the soil.

Encouraging Selection Of Effective Learning Strategies, Kaya Easley

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

College students have difficulty selecting effective learning strategies, often due to their perceptions of cost and value of these strategies. The goal of the present study was to examine ways to increase students’ perceptions of value to outweigh their perceptions of cost to help them select an effective learning strategy (generation). Students were randomly assigned to one of five conditions in an additive design: no treatment control, experience comparing generation to a less effective learning strategy, experience plus information about its application to one’s life, experience and application plus evidence of the effectiveness of generation, or experience, application, and evidence, …

A Python Framework Enhancement For Neutrosophic Topologies, Giorgio Nordo, Saeid Jafari, Maikel Yelandi Leyva V Azquez

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This paper introduces an extension to the Python Neutrosophic Sets (PYNS) framework, originally detailed in [13], with the addition of the NSfamily class for constructing and manipulating neutrosophic topologies. Building on existing classes like NSuniverse and NSset, the NSfamily class enables the definition and testing of neutrosophic families as basis and sub-basis for neutrosophic topological spaces. This extension provides tools for verifying closure properties under union and intersection, and for determining whether a given family constitutes a neutrosophic topology. Through implemented algorithms, the framework automates the generation of topologies from families of neutrosophic sets, offering an efficient tool for advancing …

A Neutrosophic Fixed Charge Multi-Objective 4 Dimensional Multi-Item Transportation Problem With Carbon Emission And Budget Constraints, A.N. Revathi, S. Mohanaselvi

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This paper seeks to address 4-dimensional transportation challenges by integrating budget con straints, vehicle speed, carbon emissions, and optimizing for maximum profit and minimum time. The rising number of vehicles, varying road conditions, and diverse vehicle types used to meet daily needs have exacerbated issues like global warming and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Our goal is to reduce carbon emissions for a cleaner environment. Single-objective, single-item transportation systems are often insufficient for scenarios with multiple criteria. Thus, we adopt a multi-objective, multi-item decision-making approach to tackle real-life transportation problems. Practical challenges frequently involve uncertainties stemming from time pressures, insufficient data, …

The Economic Cost Of Exclusion: How Trump's Second-Term Immigration Policies Threaten California's Economy, Kit Johnson

California Western International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Spider Test Modified For Pickleball: Reliable, But Do Not Use It, Margaret J. Falknor, Eric A. Martin, Steven B. Kim

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Change in direction ability (COD) is a fitness component that may be related to safe and effective participation in pickleball. The general aim of the research was to examine a COD test that may be specific to the movement demands of the sport. Therefore, we tested the inter-trial reliability of the modified spider test for pickleball, compared learning effects between younger and older adults, and examined the reliability and validity of hand timing compared to timing gates. In this cross-sectional study, 36 participants (ages 19–78) were grouped as adults (ages 18–49) or seniors (ages 50+) according to the USA Pickleball …

Lack Of Neuromuscular Fatigue In Singles Pickleball Tournament: A Preliminary Study, Eric A. Martin, Steven B. Kim, George K. Beckham, James J. Annesi

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the neuromuscular fatigue response to playing in a singles pickleball tournament, as measured by performance on a countermovement jump test (CMJ). We hypothesized that players would exhibit neuromuscular fatigue after the tournament. Methods: Six adult pickleball players (five male and one female, M ± SD: 40.2 ± 10.1 years old, height = 178.7 ± 12.3 cm, body mass = 85.4 ± 16.7 kg) participated in a 15 game singles pickleball tournament. Prior to the tournament, everyone completed the CMJ to assess lower body strength and power on paired Hawkin Dynamics force …

Spatio-Temporal Time Series Forecasting With Trap Catch Data Of Oriental Fruit Moth (Grapholita Molesta) In Peach (Prunus Persica) Orchards In South Korea, Steven Kim, Seong Heo

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

The oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae, OFM) is a major pest causing significant economic damage to peach (Prunus persica, Rosales: Rosaceae) and stone fruits in South Korea. This study aimed to describe spatio-temperal patterns of the OFM population in South Korea, forecast the OFM population using time series models, evaluate their predictive performance, and provide data-driven guidance for region-specific targeted pest management strategies. This study presents the first spatio-temporal time series analysis for predicting OFM population dynamics in peach orchards using sex pheromone trap data (Z8-dodecenyl acetate, E8-dodecenyl acetate, and Z8-dodecenol in a ratio …

Import Wheat Tenders And The Effects Of The Russian Invasion, William W. Wilson, Sumadhur Shakya, Isaac Dubovoy

College of Business Faculty Publications and Presentations

Risk and volatility for many commodities escalated sharply following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, creating numerous uncertainties for trading firms and importers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the bidding behavior in Egyptian wheat import tenders in the pre- and post-invasion periods. Bids for each bidder in individual tenders were analyzed for the period from 2017 to mid-2023. The results indicate that before invasion, there were lower standard errors, margins, and higher probabilities of bidding. These changed in the post-invasion period and as a result the probability of winning, optimal bids and implied margins increased. Implications were identified …

Mathematics With|In Conocimientos: A Mathematical Embodiment And Conscious-Raising Experience, Ricardo Martinez, Gabrielle Elizabeth Bernal, Larissa Peru

Education and Leadership Faculty Publications and Presentations

Mathematics interwoven with Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) EntreMunods is an ontological playground for youth liberation, where mathematical learning helped to create an experience where youth empower themselves by engaging in critical social science research. In this study, seven stages of conocimientos are expanded to help understand how consciousness shifts while engaged in mathematics. Thematic analysis of student reflections on the YPAR mathematics activities revealed how students developed a mathematical critical consciousness. This manuscript is a theatrical conceptualizing of the Math YPAR experience, leading to development of the Mathematics with|in Conocimientos framework; seven mathematical embodiments or stages that once experienced, …

A Conversation On Fundamental Data Literacy Concepts For Undergraduate Education, Anna Bargagliotti, Wendy Pothier, David Homa, Arshia Mathus, Keith Mccormick, Paula Payton, Brian Wright

Mathematics, Statistics and Data Science Faculty Works

As the demand for data literacy grows, integrating foundational data literacy skills into undergraduate education becomes increasingly essential. This panel presents six core themes for cultivating data literacy among undergraduate students, addressing its interdisciplinary nature. Drawing upon the collective expertise of the group, literature research, case studies, and interviews, the panel explores the need for data literacy across various disciplines and the challenges of integrating it into higher education curricula. The proposed fundamental concepts include understanding data’s role in daily life, distinguishing between inference and prediction, recognizing the potential for misleading data, exploring ethical considerations, and honing communication and storytelling …