Digital Commons Network^™

Hardware Accelerators For Post-Quantum Cryptography - A Comprehensive Study Of Pqc Hardware Accelerators Belonging To Different Families., Sanjay Deshpande

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The rapid advancement in the field of quantum computing promises groundbreaking developments across various fields. While quantum computing possesses unparalleled capabilities in solving complex mathematical problems, it also undermines the very foundation of our current pre-quantum classical cryptographic systems. The quantum algorithm known as Shor's algorithm has the potential to efficiently break widely used public-key encryption algorithms such as Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), rendering sensitive information vulnerable to compromise. Examples of such sensitive information include, but are not limited to, biometric data and encryption keys. Consequently, there is an imminent need to migrate to quantum-safe alternatives to …

Digital Identity Infrastructure, Jonathan Evan Hochman

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation proposes a uniform infrastructure for identifying users and data on the Internet. It identifies the questions we need to ask, provides terminology to think and speak about digital identity, introduces new cryptographic primitives to support digital identity services, and finally presents a sequence of applications that could be built upon the foundation of a shared digital identity infrastructure. These solution sketches are not meant as final specifications. They are examples to demonstrate how digital identity infrastructure could make it easier for digital platforms to deploy new services, improve privacy, reduce user frustration, and support the rule of law …

Visual Circuits For Distance Estimation In Walking Drosophila, Joseph Shomar

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Animals must infer the three-dimensional structure of their environment from twodimensional retinal images. They use visual cues like motion parallax and binocular disparity to judge distances to objects, and studies across several animal models have foundand characterized neural signals that correlate with visual distance. However, the causal role of these neurons in distance estimation and the range of their possible neural properties remain poorly understood. Here we show that both directional and non-directional feature-selective neurons in the Drosophila visual system are involved in distance estimation during free locomotion. We used a high-throughput behavioral assay to perform a targeted silencing screen …

Cosine-100 And Anais-112: Two Experiments, One Search For The Annual Modulation Of Dark Matter, Sophia J. Hollick

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Overwhelming evidence has been observed for the existence of dark matter; however, it has yet to be directly detected. Since 1997, the DAMA/LIBRA experiment has claimed to detect a dark matter signal, taking the form of an annual modulation consistent for over 20 yearly cycles. Though DAMA/LIBRA reports a 13.7 sigma significance, experiments utilizing different detector technologies have excluded their result by several orders of magnitude. To definitively test the validity of the claim, COSINE-100 and ANAIS-112 have mounted experiments with the same detector medium, NaI(Tl). Both experiments have reported results consistent with no modulation and are on the cusp …

Quantum Control Of An Oscillator With A Kerr-Cat Qubit, Andy Zhenghao Ding

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Noise presents a major obstacle to scaling up quantum computers, causing logical errors and preventing the reliable execution of quantum algorithms. Quantum error correction provides a path toward fault-tolerance, but this typically comes at the cost of significant resource overhead. Bosonic codes offer a hardware-efficient strategy for quantum error correction by redundantly encoding quantum information in the large Hilbert space of a harmonic oscillator. These codes have been employed to achieve landmark experimental demonstrations. However, these demonstrations are limited by transmon ancilla errors propagating to the encoded logical qubit during syndrome measurements. The Kerr-cat qubit has been proposed as a …

Characterizing And Improving The Readout Of Superconducting Qubits, Wei Dai

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The development of fault-tolerant quantum computers relies critically on fast and accurate readout of qubit states. In state-of-the-art superconducting quantum processors, the readout operations exhibit higher error rates and longer execution times compared to single- and two-qubit gates, bottlenecking their performance. How can we realize faster readout with lower error rates in superconducting circuits? In this dissertation, we answer this question through addressing two pressing limitations in the dispersive readout scheme: readout-induced state transitions and Purcell decay of the qubit. We introduce the "readout channel benchmarking" technique for the faithful benchmarking of readout performance accounting for the readout-induced state transitions. …

Creating Socially Competent Mobile Robots: Rethinking How To Measure Success, Nathan Tsoi

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Motivated by the value alignment problem, which is concerned with ensuring that an autonomous system's behavior matches user values, this dissertation proposes that creating socially competent mobile robots requires rethinking how success is measured in order to align evaluation metrics with human values and to this end, proposes the use of context-aware simulation systems and subjective human feedback. Social robot navigation is concerned with an agent that must traverse the navigable space in an environment that is shared with people. Conducting such motion in dynamic and densely populated environments demands that a robot understands how humans perceive its behavior and …

Advances In Synthetic Data Generation And Causal Inference, Shinpei Nakamura Sakai

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Synthetic data generation has become essential for addressing data scarcity, privacy concerns, and generalization problems when applying machine learning in various domains. Hence, data is the main ingredient of any machine learning model. If synthetic data is too similar to real data, the risk of privacy breaches is significantly higher; if it is too different, its practical applicability is undermined. This dissertation proposes two approaches to enhance synthetic data generation. Chapter 2 develops SC-GOAT, a framework that integrates a supervised component tailored to the specific downstream task and employs a meta-learning approach to learn the optimal mixture distribution of existing …

Reciprocal Relationships Between Musical Expectation And Repetition Structure, Aditya Chander

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation examines several ways in which listeners' expectations for musical structure are related to the usage of repetition across and within pieces of music in a range of different styles. In particular, it examines the relative role of long-term expectations (acquired from a lifetime of exposure to music) and short-term expectations (acquired in real time as a piece of music unfolds) in music listening. Throughout the dissertation, I assume that listeners acquire musical expectations via statistical learning, a cognitive mechanism that automatically extracts distributional properties of sensory input without explicit instruction. Part I of this project, comprising the first …

Growth Indicators And Conformal Measures For Transverse Groups And Ergodic Dichotomy For Subspace Flows In Higher Rank, Yahui Wang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Let G be a connected semisimple real algebraic group. The class of transverse subgroups of G includes all discrete subgroups of rank one Lie groups and any subgroups of Anosov or relatively Anosov subgroups. Given a transverse subgroup Gamma, we show that the Gamma-action on the Weyl chamber flow space determined by its limit set is properly discontinuous. This allows us to consider the quotient space and define Bowen-Margulis-Sullivan measures. We then study the ergodicity of a one-parameter diagonalizable subgroup of G acting on the aforementioned quotient space, equipped with a Bowen-Margulis-Sullivan measure. We obtain an ergodicity criterion similar to …

Spatial Control Of Nonlinear Interactions In Multimode Fibers, Kabish Wisal

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In recent years, there has been significant advancement in controlling optical scattering by structuring the wavefront of the incident light, or `wavefront shaping'. Most applications of wavefront shaping have focused on linear scattering, but there is a growing interest in tailoring nonlinear scattering. In this thesis, we explore a new approach based on wavefront shaping for suppressing certain instabilities induced by nonlinear scattering in passive and active multimode fibers (MMFs). Specifically, we focus on suppressing stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and transverse mode instability (TMI). A key motivation for our work is power scaling in high power fiber lasers and amplifiers, …

Undergraduate Bulletin 2025-2026, Cuny John Jay College

College Bulletins

Covers academic year 2025-2026

Design And Implementation Of A Low-Cost Raspberry Pi And Ai-Based Intrusion Detection System For Surveillance, Metrine Nyaboke Osiemo

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

As security concerns continue to rise, there is a growing demand for affordable and intelligent surveillance solutions to ensure safety in homes, businesses, and other environments. Many individuals are embracing AI-driven technologies such as Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV), smart doorbells, and automated security systems to protect their properties. This project presents a design and implementation of a cost-effective AI-powered intrusion detection system utilizing Raspberry Pi 5 for home surveillance, with adaptability for broader applications. The system integrates a camera module and an LCD screen running on a Linux-based platform, with Python, and OpenCV as key software components. It employs dlib’s deep …

Teaching Object-Oriented Design Through Interactive Uml: A Dual-Approach Framework For Code-Based Generation And Direct Diagram Manipulation, Moses Kayuni

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

This thesis introduces an interactive educational framework for teaching object-oriented design through UML class diagrams. The framework implements a dual-approach methodology: code-based generation, where students write Java code that automatically transforms into UML diagrams, and direct diagram manipulation, where students build diagrams by interacting with highlighted terms in problem descriptions. This approach addresses common challenges in teaching UML, including cognitive load difficulties, visualization problems, and the disconnect between code implementation and visual design. Built on the Mermaid diagramming framework, the system features a React frontend for diagram creation and manipulation, and a Flask backend that handles some code parsing and …

The Economic And Environmental Impact Of Shinkansen And High-Speed Rail Infrastructure: A Comparative Analysis Of Economic Growth And Carbon Emissions Reduction, Dillan R. Victory

SPARK Symposium Presentations

The development of Japan's high-speed rail system, the Shinkansen, has played a pivotal role in the country's post-war economic resurgence. Introduced in 1964 with the Tokaidō Shinkansen, this transformative infrastructure investment significantly reduced travel times, bolstered economic activity around station hubs, and facilitated regional development by enabling urban decentralization. This paper explores the long-term economic benefits of high-speed rail, including its impact on land value, business expansion, and carbon emissions. The case study of the Linear Chuo Shinkansen, Japan's latest maglev project, underscores both the economic promise and the political resistance to expansion, particularly in regions such as Shizuoka.

Using …

Dark Triad Personality Traits And Correlations With Mating Preferences, Mackenzie Warner, Yara Ali, Averee Martinez, Oliver Espana, Madeleine Scott

SPARK Symposium Presentations

With dating apps coming to a rise, there comes an influx of people who begin to use them, whether that be for long-term relationships, short-term, or even friendships (Freyth, et al., 2021). Additionally, dark personality traits, such as narcissism, are associated with higher perceived attractiveness and positive personality traits (Rauthmann et. al., 2012). Along with this, there has been research that shows differences in gender usage for dating apps and whether that is related to the Dark Triad personalities, with a desire for those that reflect the dark triad personality traits (Carter et al., 2014). To study this further, in …

Presidential Control And Administrative Capacity, Nicholas Bednar

Articles

Presidential control is the power to direct administrative capacity toward the President’s own policy objectives. Accordingly, presidential power vis-à-vis administrative policymaking has two necessary components: control and capacity. First, the President must have the ability to set the agency’s policymaking agenda and direct the day-to-day activities of its leadership and career employees. Second, the agency needs a well-managed team of policymakers with expertise and experience in both the substantive policy area and the policymaking process. Yet scholars have long assumed—without much empirical testing—that the administrative state has sufficient capacity to implement the President’s agenda. Not so.

This Article argues that …

Estimating Per-Infection Cost And Burden For Dengue And Zika As A Function Of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement, Christopher M. Kribs

Mathematics Faculty Publications - Archive

The complex immune interactions produced by the tetravalent dengue vaccine Dengvaxia have foregrounded the important role of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) in dengue infection. Some evidence exists that ADE may extend beyond the four dengue serotypes to Zika, a closely related flavivirus transmitted by the same mosquito species as dengue, and may also account for the increased severity of some cases. Estimates of the public health impact of dengue vaccination may then need to include its effects on the transmission of Zika in addition to dengue. This study gathers primary references to build estimates of per-case economic cost and disease burden …

Contributors, Eliana Elkhoury, Jako Olivier, Travis N. Thurston, Morgan Barker, Steven Clontz, Will Cross, Michael Tadeusz Dabrowski, Teresa Focarile, Hillary Fox, Angela George, Sharona Krinsky, Drew Lewis, Erin Mckenney, Lauren Mcmillan, Nalanda Roy, Zoë Soon, James Thibeault, David Tully, Lydia Watson, Sam Winemiller

Open Educational Resources For and As Assessment

No abstract provided.

3. Checkit Oer Assessment Generator, Steven Clontz, Sharona Krinsky, Drew Lewis

Open Educational Resources For and As Assessment

The CheckIt framework is an open educational technology for authoring randomized exercises, banks, and assessments for mathematics. Technological means facilitate the easy sharing and modification of open-source templates and generators authored in the framework to be used both in classrooms as well as to support educational research; case studies in this paper illustrate its use in both contexts, and describe its use in both small and large classrooms.

Introduction, Karin Dejonge-Kannan, Travis N. Thurston

Documenting Teaching Excellence

Before we embark on a brief overview of how the book is structured and what it contains, we wish to draw readers’ attention to the sculpture on the cover of this book, and to the word “vital” in the subtitle of this book.

2. Triangulating Teaching Growth: A Three-Voice Approach To Evaluating And Documenting Your Teaching, Terri A. Dunbar, Peggy Brickman, Janette R. Hill

Documenting Teaching Excellence

For many universities, student evaluations of teaching (SETs) are synonymous with teaching evaluation. Universities typically administer surveys to students at the end of the semester, year after year, to solicit evaluations of their instructors’ teaching. Instructors report their scores as evidence of their teaching excellence for formal evaluations. Different academic units review these scores while making consequential decisions, such as raises or promotions. For better or worse, SETs are deeply embedded within the academic evaluation system.

5. Teaching Excellence Fostered Through Institutional Collaboration: A Case For An Effective Assessment Rubric, Amanda Morris, Anna Kuthy

Documenting Teaching Excellence

Teaching excellence is a defining characteristic and ongoing challenge at small liberal arts institutions, where instructor independence and mission-driven education converge. Defining and measuring it in such contexts involves navigating instructor autonomy, institutional mission, administrative oversight, and accreditation requirements. This chapter presents a case-based approach to addressing these challenges at Brescia University, a small liberal arts school in Owensboro, KY. We offer an example of an implementable solution that fosters and documents teaching excellence while aligning with both generally accepted standards and the university’s mission. Additionally, we model a collaborative development process between the offices of the Academic Dean and …

Introduction, Eliana Elkhoury, Jako Olivier, Travis N. Thurston

Open Educational Resources For and As Assessment

The need to rethink assessment in higher education has become increasingly urgent due to the shift to remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic and the recent introduction of various generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools. Globally, instructors are called to redesign their assessment practices to make them more innovative, authentic, and empowering.

9. By The Faculty, For The Faculty: A Grassroots Effort To Define And Support Teaching Excellence, Virginia Stormer, Elisabeth Schussler, Chris Kilgore, Caroline Wienhold, Jordan Shipley, Ferlin Mcgaskey

Documenting Teaching Excellence

In 2022, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville launched a process to establish a university-wide set of principles guiding teaching excellence and rooted these efforts in the process of shared governance. After a meticulously inclusive feedback process and iterative revisions, we arrived at a set of four principles that we now call UT’s Principles of Excellence in Teaching (UT PoET), which reflect the specific values around teaching at our R1 (doctoral university with very high research activity), flagship, land-grant institution. This chapter will detail the process by which we arrived at these principles. In so doing, we hope to provide a …

Agent-Based Modeling Of Microglia Metabolic Pathways: Implications In Alzheimer’S Disease, Abigail Penland, Cheyenne Ty, John Gerving, Martín Mendoza-Ceja, Megan Pratt

IdeaFest 2025

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurological disorder that destroys memory and other cognitive functions. Several scientific findings have connected dysfunctional microglia, a type of immune cell, to AD progression. We created an agent-based model to simulate the interactions between microglia and their environment, addressing dysfunctional microglia's effect on AD. Our model represents a two-dimensional slice of the hippocampus, depicting microglia's ability to move, metabolize glucose, and interact with the blood brain barrier and amyloid beta plaques. We applied treatments of metabolic boosting and exercise to our model to study how varying treatment intensities can impede AD progression.

Assembly And Testing Of A Closed Cycle Cryostat, Chris Maguire

Science University Research Symposium (SURS)

Closed cycle cryocoolers are commonly used in laboratories as they provide long-term, low-cost, low-maintenance operation. This project covers the assembly and testing of an Advanced Research Systems DE-202 closed cycle cryostat to provide a low temperature apparatus for undergraduate research and advanced laboratory projects. This system is useful for many applications including optics, condensed matter physics, spectroscopy, electrical characterization, microscopy, superconductivity, crystallography, and biological studies.

Cryostat assembly involved research and planning to build a custom frame for the cryocooler, assemble vacuum, water, gas and electrical systems, leak test, and fit components to laboratory utilities. Once setup is complete, the actual …

Complexometric Titration Of Terbium(Iii) Compounds: An Analytical Blast From The Past Gives Purity Assurance When Modern Instruments Fail Us., Jake E. Timbes, Cameron Bateman, Justin Stace

Science University Research Symposium (SURS)

Lanthanide ions have attracted attention for applications in microwave electronics, memory devices, lighting applications, and chemical sensors. Terbium(III)-centered homoleptic complexes show promise as potential fluorescence-based chemical sensing agents. Tb(phen)2(NO3)3 (phen = 1,10-phenothroline) exhibits striking visible emission when excited by short-wave ultraviolet light; this emission is completely quenched by exposure to water or strong acid. However, the luminescence returns under relatively benign conditions. Unfortunately, our array of terbium(III) complexes are notoriously insoluble; rendering standard analytical techniques useless to assess purity, notably, 1H and 13C-NMR. Titration is a useful technique to give us, an assurance of purity—in conjunction with the ad-hoc purity …

Computational Modeling Of Post-Tavr Cardiovascular Dynamics Using Reduced-Order Models, Jo D. Jamullamudi, Anna D. Bui, Daniel Olopade, Kevin Gonzalez

Science University Research Symposium (SURS)

Patients with aortic valve stenosis often have calcified valve leaflets that impede blood flow. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) offers patients a minimally invasive option to replace their aortic valve by guiding a catheter through their blood vessels to deploy a bioprosthetic valve. We developed a 0-D model of the left heart to investigate TAVR performance in a patient-specific context. To achieve this, we constructed a lumped-parameter representation of cardiovascular dynamics, incorporating flows, pressures, resistances, and compliances of the heart chambers and valves. These physiological elements were represented through a system of differential equations, which we solved numerically using Backward …

Utilizing Β-Gal To Visualize Selective Transport Of The Ssa4 Gene In S.Cerevisiae, Ian M. Staertow, Rebecca L. Adams Phd

Science University Research Symposium (SURS)

In eukaryotic cells such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, protein synthesis begins with the transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In order for mRNA to leave the nucleus, it must first bind to specific transport proteins which can then facilitate transport via the nuclear pore complex (NPC), a selectively permeable membrane within the cell's nuclear envelope. Under environmental stress, such as heat shock, S. cerevisiae cells modulate transport rates. In this case, in heat stress or “heat shock” most mRNA transcripts will remain in the nucleus. The SSA4 transcript encodes for a chaperone protein which facilitates the subsequent export …