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Articles 28321 - 28350 of 714574
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Neutrosophic Sets And Systems, {Número Especial: Inteligencia Artificial, Neutrosofía Y Cosmovisiones Latinoamericanas: Hacia Un Futuro Sostenible (Taller – 18 Al 21 De Marzo De 2025, Universidad Tecnológica De El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador)}, Vol. 84, 2025, Florentin Smarandache, Maikel Leyva-Vázquez, Mohamed Abdel‑Basset
Neutrosophic Sets And Systems, {Número Especial: Inteligencia Artificial, Neutrosofía Y Cosmovisiones Latinoamericanas: Hacia Un Futuro Sostenible (Taller – 18 Al 21 De Marzo De 2025, Universidad Tecnológica De El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador)}, Vol. 84, 2025, Florentin Smarandache, Maikel Leyva-Vázquez, Mohamed Abdel‑Basset
Neutrosophic Sets and Systems
Preface
A Proposal To Explore Geometry With Geogebra: Graphical Exploration And Formal Demonstration Of The Collinearity Of The Barycenters Of A Polygon, Saulo Mosquera Lopez, Marlio Paredes, Walter Castro
A Proposal To Explore Geometry With Geogebra: Graphical Exploration And Formal Demonstration Of The Collinearity Of The Barycenters Of A Polygon, Saulo Mosquera Lopez, Marlio Paredes, Walter Castro
School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications
This paper illustrates an example of a mathematical activity that teachers and students can replicate to create an experience that resembles professional mathematical activity. We extend the property “Consider a triangle ABC, any straight line and let A’, B’, C’ be the reflections of the points A, B, C on the straight line then the barycenters of the triangles ABC, A’BC, AB’C and ABC’ are collinear and the line of collinearity is perpendicular to the straight line” for any quadrilateral. It is proved that there are four additional triangles, for a total of eight, whose barycenters are collinear and that …
Simulation Of Multi-Receiver Solar Power Tower By Enhancement Of Solarpilot Software And A Review Of Absorber Coating Materials For The Receivers, Yasser Mirza Baig
Simulation Of Multi-Receiver Solar Power Tower By Enhancement Of Solarpilot Software And A Review Of Absorber Coating Materials For The Receivers, Yasser Mirza Baig
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Central receiver concentrating solar power (CSP) towers offer significant potential for cost-effective renewable electricity but face increasing optical losses with larger heliostat fields. This thesis introduces enhancements to NREL’s SolarPILOT software through a Python-based API named CoPylot, which enables comprehensive optimization of heliostat field layouts for multi-receiver systems. The enhanced methodology incorporates per-heliostat ray tracing, receiver orientation optimization (tilt angle β), and an incidence-angle-dependent absorptance (α(θ)) model to evaluate optical performance, thermal losses, and techno-economic metrics within an integrated simulation framework.
A case study for Daggett, California demonstrates that transitioning from a baseline single-receiver system (180 m tower, 5×5 m …
Temporal Modeling And Forecasting Of Blood Glucose Dynamics In Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus, Mj Ruff
Temporal Modeling And Forecasting Of Blood Glucose Dynamics In Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus, Mj Ruff
University Honors Theses
People living with Diabetes Mellitus face significant health risks, including an increased likelihood of heart disease, stroke, and fluctuations in blood glucose levels. The unpredictable nature of glucose levels can lead to dangerous conditions such as ketoacidosis and hypoglycemia. This study employs advanced time series analysis tools to forecast the glucose levels for an individual diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
Factors Associated With Applying To Graduate/Professional Degrees For Students Engaged In Undergraduate Research Experiences At Minority Serving Institutions, Lourdes E. Echegoyen, Kala M. Mehta, Karsten Hueffer, Jacob D. Kagey, Thomas E. Keller, Kathleen M. Morgan, Stephen B. Aley, Chi-Ah Chun, Payam Sheikhattari, Amy Wagler
Factors Associated With Applying To Graduate/Professional Degrees For Students Engaged In Undergraduate Research Experiences At Minority Serving Institutions, Lourdes E. Echegoyen, Kala M. Mehta, Karsten Hueffer, Jacob D. Kagey, Thomas E. Keller, Kathleen M. Morgan, Stephen B. Aley, Chi-Ah Chun, Payam Sheikhattari, Amy Wagler
School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations
Introduction:
This study investigates the impact of undergraduate research experiences on applications to graduate and professional programs, particularly for underrepresented minority students at Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs).
Methods:
The study analyzes data collected at 10 MSIs participating in the NIH BUILD program to understand the relationship between research participation (in formal programs vs. informal research), student demographics, science self-efficacy, GPA, and application to advanced degree programs.
Results:
Results indicate that undergraduate research participation, especially in formal programs for extended periods of time, positively influences applications to graduate/professional programs, with similar outcomes observed across underrepresented minority and non-minority students.Discussion
Findings indicate …
Orchestrating Complexity: The Art Of Virtual Leadership In System Modelling, Vijay Kumar Sonawane, Bipllab Roy, Purnendu Bikash Acharjee, Indu Pv
Orchestrating Complexity: The Art Of Virtual Leadership In System Modelling, Vijay Kumar Sonawane, Bipllab Roy, Purnendu Bikash Acharjee, Indu Pv
Northeast Journal of Complex Systems (NEJCS)
This paper explores the dynamics of virtual leadership within global remote work environments, focusing on the application of complex system modelling to understand and enhance leadership efficacy. The application of computational modelling has been a regular feature in economics, science and technology fields, however its application in virtual leadership with linkage to sport leadership appears to be a novel concept. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach, this paper incorporates Game Theory as a conceptual framework to make the leadership model more relevant and applicable that can offer simpler understanding of complex play of leadership drivers. The model incorporates five key leadership dimensional …
Pepperbox - June 6, 2025, Student Newspaper Of Arcata High School
Pepperbox - June 6, 2025, Student Newspaper Of Arcata High School
The Pepperbox
Volume 97, Number 7
Passive Radar In Metropolitan Environments (Prime), Hannah Bajakian, Carson Crisafulli, Dylan Olson
Passive Radar In Metropolitan Environments (Prime), Hannah Bajakian, Carson Crisafulli, Dylan Olson
Electrical and Computer Engineering Senior Theses
Radio Detection and Ranging (radar) is a core application of RF engineering, traditionally implemented through active systems that transmit high-power signals and process their reflections to estimate target range and velocity. However, active radar systems require significant power, cost, and regulatory overhead. This thesis explores the design and implementation of a passive radar system as a low-power, cost-effective alternative for real-time aircraft tracking.
The system capitalizes on existing ultra-high frequency (UHF) television broadcast signals as illuminators of opportunity. These signals, along with their reflected signals from airborne targets, are received using Yagi-Uda directional antennas and captured using a USRP B210 …
Synergizing Stem And Ela: Exploring How Small-Group Interactions Shape Design Decisions In An Engineering Design-Based Unit, Deana Lucas, Emily Haluschak, Christine H. Mcdonnell, Selcen Guzey, Greg J. Strimel, Morgan Hynes, Tamara J. Moore
Synergizing Stem And Ela: Exploring How Small-Group Interactions Shape Design Decisions In An Engineering Design-Based Unit, Deana Lucas, Emily Haluschak, Christine H. Mcdonnell, Selcen Guzey, Greg J. Strimel, Morgan Hynes, Tamara J. Moore
School of Engineering Technology Faculty Publications
While small group learning through engineering design activities has been shown to enhance student achievement, motivation, and problem-solving skills, much of the existing research in this area focuses on undergraduate engineering education. Therefore, this study examines how small-group interactions influence design decisions within a sixth-grade engineering design-based English Language Arts unit for multilingual learners. Multilingual Learners make up 21% of the U.S. school-aged population and benefit from early STEM opportunities that shape future educational and career trajectories. Grounded in constructivist learning theories, the research explores collaborative learning in the engineering design process, using a comparative case study design. Specifically, this …
Charting Your Own Course: Diverse Paths To Occupational Health Psychology, Irvin Sam Schonfeld
Charting Your Own Course: Diverse Paths To Occupational Health Psychology, Irvin Sam Schonfeld
Publications and Research
This piece describes my pathway, via stressful work experiences, into occupational health psychology (OHP). Those work experiences combined with my later training in epidemiology at Columbia led me to the study of work, stress, and health. I briefly describe key research experiences with Joe Mazzola of Meredith College (the role of qualitative research in theory development and hypothesis generation) and Renzo Bianchi of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (research on burnout–depression overlap and the creation of scales to assess occupational depression, occupational anxiety, and pandemic-related anxiety). The piece concludes with ideas for newcomers to OHP for getting the …
Slow Reading Course Evaluations: From Discomfort To Discovery, Brian Baldi, Colleen M. Kuusinen
Slow Reading Course Evaluations: From Discomfort To Discovery, Brian Baldi, Colleen M. Kuusinen
Journal of Contemplative and Holistic Education
Student evaluations of teaching (SETs) help faculty to get feedback on their teaching, identify areas of strength and growth, and document their teaching effectiveness from the student perspective. While much has been written about whether or not student evaluations are biased (Benton & Cashin, 2012; Kogan, et al., 2010; Shorter, 2023), about the validity of student evaluations in measuring student learning (Uttl et al., 2017), and how to interpret data (Davis, 2009; Hoover-Dempsey n.d.; Lewis, 2001; Linse, 2017; Perlmutter, 2011; Petchers & Chow, 1988; Reibman, 2004), we offer a new, mindful approach to reading student evaluations that might help instructors …
On Excursions Associated With A Certain Local Time Of Simple Symmetric Random Walks, With Applications, Takahiko Fujita, Naohiro Yoshida
On Excursions Associated With A Certain Local Time Of Simple Symmetric Random Walks, With Applications, Takahiko Fujita, Naohiro Yoshida
Journal of Stochastic Analysis
In this note, some applications of excursions associated with a certain local time of simple symmetric random walks are presented. Specifically, the excursions are applied to calculate some probability distributions of interest regarding the random walks. Furthermore, a solution of the Skorokhod embedding problem for random walks is obtained through the excursions.
Session 2: The Cases For Industry Self-Regulation And Government Regulation Of Ai, Boaz Ashkenazy, Kevin Bartholomew, Kevin De Liban, Christopher Yoo
Session 2: The Cases For Industry Self-Regulation And Government Regulation Of Ai, Boaz Ashkenazy, Kevin Bartholomew, Kevin De Liban, Christopher Yoo
SITIE Symposiums
In Session Two of the SITIE 2025 Symposium titled “The Cases for Industry Self-Regulation and Government Regulation of AI,” moderated by Seattle University Technology Ethics Initiative Director and Professor Onur Bakiner, the panelists discuss their perspectives and experiences with AI regulation. They share observations about the industry and delve into the topics of AI complexity, concerns around accountability, the shift to agentic AI, the current state of AI regulation, existing legal guardrails, and their outlook on AI regulation.
Session 1: Guidance From International Regulation Sources, Charlotte Tschider, Marie-Charlotte Roques-Bonnet
Session 1: Guidance From International Regulation Sources, Charlotte Tschider, Marie-Charlotte Roques-Bonnet
SITIE Symposiums
In Session One of the SITIE 2025 Symposium titled “Regulating Artificial Intelligence: From Where and When?”, Professor Mark Chinen moderated a panel featuring Professor Charlotte Tschider and Dr. Marie-Charlotte Roques-Bonnet. The discussion focused on international AI regulation, privacy, data governance, and the EU’s regulatory approach to AI oversight.
8th Annual Innovation And Technology Law Conference: Regulating Artificial Intelligence: From Where And When?, Steven Bender
8th Annual Innovation And Technology Law Conference: Regulating Artificial Intelligence: From Where And When?, Steven Bender
SITIE Symposiums
Since 2018, the Seattle University School of Law has presented an annual late spring/summer conference on innovation and technology, shifting to a virtual conference in 2020. The virtual format fosters inclusion of national and even international speakers (as this year with Marie-Charlotte Roques-Bonnet, Data Protection/AI Consultant & Research Lead, ID side.eu, joining from France), and participation from a broad base audience, which this year included over 200 registrants who joined live or watched the recording.
Leveraging Usage Of Ai In Education: Knowledge, Attitude And Behavioral Analysis On Students, Bipllab Roy, Purnendu Bikash Acharjee, Rohit Kumar Sharma, Ruptaheen Kramsapi, Shruti P
Leveraging Usage Of Ai In Education: Knowledge, Attitude And Behavioral Analysis On Students, Bipllab Roy, Purnendu Bikash Acharjee, Rohit Kumar Sharma, Ruptaheen Kramsapi, Shruti P
Northeast Journal of Complex Systems (NEJCS)
The paper explores the possible advantages and drawbacks of artificial intelligence (AI) on sustainability, with an emphasis on using AI to positively achieve SDGs. The study finds a significant vacuum in the literature on the association between knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors towards the use of AI tools and techniques in education and demographic characteristics (sex, age, education level, area of study, and city of origin). The purpose of this research is to close this knowledge gap and advance our understanding of how these demographic factors affect the integration of AI in educational environments. The study specifically aims to comprehend how …
Continuous Monitoring Of Dynamic Levels Of Sepsis-Associated Biomarkers In Blood For Early Diagnosis, Aidan Burke, Jake Chansky, Anders Kouhia, Brian Mostofi
Continuous Monitoring Of Dynamic Levels Of Sepsis-Associated Biomarkers In Blood For Early Diagnosis, Aidan Burke, Jake Chansky, Anders Kouhia, Brian Mostofi
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Sepsis is a general diagnosis related to a dysregulated immune response to a source of infection that, if left untreated, will most likely result in organ failure and eventual death. Sepsis affects 49 million people annually, and is responsible for 11 million annual deaths, according to Jarczak 1. A recent study has shown that over 80% of sepsis deaths may be preventable with earlier diagnosis and treatment, and that the risk of mortality increases by 8% for every hour that sepsis goes untreated 5. Thus, our team identified that the timeliness of sepsis diagnosis is a paramount healthcare need.
We …
Quantum Machine Learning For Battery Health And Thermal Risk Prediction, Alexander Mutiso Mutua, Ruairí De Fréin
Quantum Machine Learning For Battery Health And Thermal Risk Prediction, Alexander Mutiso Mutua, Ruairí De Fréin
SAML-25 Workshop on Statistical and Machine Learning
The rapid growth of connected Electric Vehicles (EV) as part of modern Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) motivates the need for real-time management of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery health and thermal risks. Li-ion batteries, although widely used, are prone to degradation and thermal runaway, posing significant challenges for safe and efficient EV operation. We present a Quantum Machine Learning (QML) and Agent-Based Model (ABM) that simulates and predicts EV behaviour under various battery degradation con- ditions. We use a Variational Quantum Neural Network (VQNN) trained on NASA battery datasets to classify EVs into four cate- gories: healthy, degraded for fixed chargers, degraded …
The Engineering Mindset: Blueprint For Change, Vol. 1: Institutional Guidelines For Implementing Change In Undergraduate Engineering And Engineering Technology Education, Rebecca Bates, Ron Ulseth
The Engineering Mindset: Blueprint For Change, Vol. 1: Institutional Guidelines For Implementing Change In Undergraduate Engineering And Engineering Technology Education, Rebecca Bates, Ron Ulseth
Integrated Engineering Department Publications
Volume 1 of the Blueprint Report presents a comprehensive framework for transforming undergraduate engineering and engineering technology education in the United States. It builds on the 2024 Engineering Mindset Report and provides institutional-level strategies to implement its recommendations. The goal is to create a student-centered curriculum, increase access and success for underserved students, and create a future-ready engineering education system that broadens access and aligns with societal and technological needs.
Preliminary Evidence For Lensing-Induced Alignments Of High-Redshift Galaxies In Jwst-Ceers, Viraj Pandya, Abraham Loeb, Elizabeth J. Mcgrath, Guillermo Barro, Steven L. Finkelstein, Henry C. Ferguson, Norman A. Grogin, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Anton M. Koekemoer, Casey Papovich, Nor Pirzkal, L.Y. Aaron Yung
Preliminary Evidence For Lensing-Induced Alignments Of High-Redshift Galaxies In Jwst-Ceers, Viraj Pandya, Abraham Loeb, Elizabeth J. Mcgrath, Guillermo Barro, Steven L. Finkelstein, Henry C. Ferguson, Norman A. Grogin, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Anton M. Koekemoer, Casey Papovich, Nor Pirzkal, L.Y. Aaron Yung
Pacific Faculty Work
The majority of low-mass ( log 10 M * / M ⊙ = 9 - 10 ) galaxies at high redshift (z > 1) appear elongated in projection. We use JWST-CEERS observations to explore the role of gravitational lensing in this puzzle. The typical galaxy-galaxy lensing shear γ ∼ 1% is too low to explain the predominance of elongated early galaxies with an ellipticity e ≈ 0.6. However, nonparametric quantile regression with Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (or BART) reveals hints of an excess of tangentially aligned source-lens pairs with γ > 10%. On larger scales, we also find evidence for weak-lensing shear. …
Simulating And Designing Pyro Fx To Communicate A Hostile And Magical Environment, Rebekah L. Tran
Simulating And Designing Pyro Fx To Communicate A Hostile And Magical Environment, Rebekah L. Tran
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis aims to document the fire FX work completed on this year’s senior capstone film, Love & Gold, for the BYU Center of Animation. The story of the film is brought to life with many different types of effects including snow, sparks, lava, rock shattering, magic, hair, cloth, and the topic of this thesis, fire. The film has three main fire simulation needs: torches, braziers, and fire traps. The FX team on the film created these with Pyro simulations. Pyro simulations are a common type of simulation supported by Houdini FX, the software program that BYU Animation primarily uses …
2025 Nsu Graduate Commencement Program, Nova Southeastern University
2025 Nsu Graduate Commencement Program, Nova Southeastern University
NSU Commencement Programs
- College of Psychology
- H. Wayne Huizenga College of Business and Entrepreneurship
- Abraham S. Fischler College of Education and School of Criminal Justice
- College of Computing and Engineering
- Halmos College of Arts and Sciences and the Guy Harvey Oceanographic Research Center
Tellings Of The Pacific Ocean: A Landscape-Based Approach For Multispecies Design And Hci, Maliheh Ghajargar
Tellings Of The Pacific Ocean: A Landscape-Based Approach For Multispecies Design And Hci, Maliheh Ghajargar
Engineering Faculty Articles and Research
Environmental disturbances induced by climate change have caused significant changes in our ecosystems and are threatening the health of our environments. As a response to this issue, a growing body of work has emerged in HCI and design, which seeks to foreground more-than-human stories in support of making more sustainable and just futures. This research contributes to this broad agenda by probing graphic novels as a multispecies storytelling method for design and HCI. Combining ideas from Anna Tsing’s adventures of landscape and from HCI and design’s use of sequential art (e.g., storyboards), we use landscape as the main protagonist of …
Does Schooling Improve Cognitive Abilities At Older Ages? Causal Evidence From Nonparametric Bounds, Vikesh Amin, Jere R. Behrman, Jason M. Fletcher, Carlos A. Flores, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes, Hans-Peter Kohler
Does Schooling Improve Cognitive Abilities At Older Ages? Causal Evidence From Nonparametric Bounds, Vikesh Amin, Jere R. Behrman, Jason M. Fletcher, Carlos A. Flores, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes, Hans-Peter Kohler
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
We revisit much-investigated relationships between schooling and health, focusing on schooling impacts on cognitive abilities at older ages using the Harmonized Cognition Assessment Protocol in the Health & Retirement Study (HRS) and a bounding approach that requires relatively weak assumptions. Our estimated upper bounds on the population average effects indicate potentially large causal effects of increasing schooling from primary to secondary; yet, these upper bounds are smaller than many estimates from the literature on causal schooling impacts on cognition using compulsory-schooling laws. We also cannot rule out small and null effects at this margin. We do, however, find evidence for …
Lighting Up The Cell: Developing A Luminescent Lanthanide Probe For Detecting Rnas, Jonathan Savell
Lighting Up The Cell: Developing A Luminescent Lanthanide Probe For Detecting Rnas, Jonathan Savell
Honors Projects
An anion detecting luminescent probe, Tb:DO2A-Cs124, was repurposed for use in RNA imaging. Potential RNA aptamers were identified for the molecule using Capture-SELEX and MinION sequencing. Fluorimetry data revealed these aptamers did not allow for the probe to luminesce in the presence of target RNAs due to adenosine monophosphate’s ability to quench the emission signal.
Secure Your Hardware With Randomization And Redundancy, Dennis Cao, Joseph Khamisy, Sumeet Upadhya
Secure Your Hardware With Randomization And Redundancy, Dennis Cao, Joseph Khamisy, Sumeet Upadhya
Computer Science and Engineering Senior Theses
Differential Fault Analysis (DFA) is a potent hardware attack that threatens cryptographic security by injecting faults into a cipher implementation to reveal secret keys. This project aims to mitigate DFA attacks on the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) by implementing targeted countermeasures in an embedded AES-128 encryption core. Two key techniques are explored: Randomization and Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR). The randomization approach introduces unpredictability into the encryption process, which involves inserting dummy rounds, artificial noise, and random delays, to disrupt an attacker’s timing and analysis, while TMR provides redundancy by replicating critical rounds of computation and using majority voting to correct …
Bloom Pattern Data, Zhongyuan Wang, Robert J. Lang, Larry L. Howell
Bloom Pattern Data, Zhongyuan Wang, Robert J. Lang, Larry L. Howell
ScholarsArchive Data
This data is the supplementary material of the paper "Bloom Patterns: Radially Expansive, Developable, and Flat-Foldable Origami" by Zhongyuan (Kelvin) Wang , Robert J. Lang, and Larry L. Howell.
We present bloom patterns as a family of radially expansive, flat-foldable, and developable origami patterns, many of which are rotationally symmetric. Bloom patterns are defined with a generalized definition and a standardized definition. A classification scheme for bloom patterns is identified, and several types of bloom patterns are analysed. The distinct helical nature that characterizes bloom patterns is described, and a set of compatibility conditions is derived to help determine if …
Refinement And Application Of The Absorption Cross-Section Of Molecular Bromine With Relevance To Atmospheric Chemistry, Callum Flowerday, Ryan Thalman, Jaron C. Hansen, Eric T. Sevy, Jason J. Sorensen, Matthew C. Asplund
Refinement And Application Of The Absorption Cross-Section Of Molecular Bromine With Relevance To Atmospheric Chemistry, Callum Flowerday, Ryan Thalman, Jaron C. Hansen, Eric T. Sevy, Jason J. Sorensen, Matthew C. Asplund
ScholarsArchive Data
Defined Br2 XS - is the defined absorption cross-section using the UVvis spectrophotometer.
BBCEAS - This is raw absorption data measured using the BBCEAS (see article for details).
UVvis raw - This is the raw absorption data measured using the UVvis spectrophotometer.
Colonization-Persistence Trade-Offs In The Human Microbiome, Liam F. Nokes
Colonization-Persistence Trade-Offs In The Human Microbiome, Liam F. Nokes
Environmental Studies Senior Theses
Understanding how diverse microbial taxa coexist in the human body without competitively excluding one another remains a key challenge in microbiome ecology. One proposed explanation is the colonization-persistence trade-off, where species with high colonization ability are poor persisters, and vice versa. We test for this trade-off across human associated microbial communities among many individuals and in multiple body sites using a large-scale participant-level meta-analysis of longitudinal microbiome datasets curated from the MGnify database. We applied island biogeography-based models to calculate effective colonization and persistence rates for microbial families and genera across 606 individuals over twenty-six studies. Regression of the log-transformed …
Reflections On Co-Ordinating Peer-Assisted Learning In A University Mathematics Department, Subhrajyoti Saha
Reflections On Co-Ordinating Peer-Assisted Learning In A University Mathematics Department, Subhrajyoti Saha
Irish Journal of Academic Practice
This reflective paper explores the experience of the author while co-ordinating a relaunch of Peer-Assisted Learning (PAL) within the Department of Mathematical Sciences at a UK university. PAL involves senior students supporting first-year students through regular collaborative learning sessions, fostering both academic engagement and peer mentoring. The paper discusses the practical challenges encountered during implementation, such as student participation, scheduling, and training of PAL leaders, alongside the strategies that proved effective. Drawing on these experiences, the author will suggest potential improvements to enhance the impact of PAL in future iterations. The insights shared may be of value to other academics …