Digital Commons Network^™

A Model Of Organizational Dynamics Of Phonological Knowledge In Preschool Children Based On Bratianu’S Theory And The Neutrosophic Ahp Technique, Glenda Quimera Ramírez-Apolo, Mila Inés Moreno-Pramatarova, Patricia Elizabeth Lima-Rosero, Sylvia Shayana Tapia-Tapia, María Soledad Andino-Acosta, Mercy Paulina Guerrero-Olalla, Ivonne Cristina Unda-Vargas, Salomé Ruales-Paredes

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Phonological knowledge is a component of linguistics that allows children to understand the relationship between sounds and words. It is a skill that should be stimulated and enhanced from the age of 3, as children begin the process of reading and writing at 6. If this component is not yet acquired, it can generate difficulties in the school stage, where learning demands are more challenging and higher cognitive processes are required in terms of decoding phonemes, graphemes, words, and sentences. In this paper, we propose a model that allows us to study the dynamics of phonological knowledge in preschool children. …

Analysis Of Customer Perception Of A New Product Using The Neutrosophic Biplot Method, Purificación Galindo-Villardón

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This paper sought to propose and apply the Neutrosophic Biplot analysis method to understand consumer perception of a new technological product with uncertain attributes while addressing the shortcomings that a conventional approach would present. Data was collected through a survey experiment with neutrosophic rating scales where 50 subjects slid on one scale to indicate how much they agreed (A), were neutral, or indifferent (I), and disagreed (D) about each of the eight features of a new smartphone they received. A neutrosophic data matrix was formed and converted into a real-valued matrix using a scoring function, allowing for the application of …

Analysis Of The Evolution Of Expert Opinion On Sustainability Policies Through The Neutrosophic Statis Method, Purificación Vicente Galindo

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Yet the problem of evaluating sustainability policies over time stems from needing to monitor the changing nature of expert agreement needed for dependency-based improvements in the environment. While this is undoubtedly helpful for relatively sustainable action, easier said than done requires methodological systems to assess how agreement grows and solidifies. Here it should be noted that the conventional STATIS approach, while successful in multivariate assessment, lacks the capacity to evaluate expert assessments factoring uncertainty, indeterminacy, and subjectivity. Therefore, this research goes on to fill this void with the neutrosophic STATIS method applied to a panel of experts assessing ten (10) …

Analysis Of Hydraulic Behavior In Pressurized Systems With Different Automation Mechanisms Using Neutrosophic Superhypersoft Sets, Santiago Salomon Chicaiza-Toapaxi, Anthony Alexander Ortega-Toapanta, Héctor Luis Laurencio-Alfonso

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Residential pressurization has significantly influenced energy consumption, particularly in systems with low-power pumps. Therefore, this study assessed the hydraulic and energy performance of three configurations: a centrifugal pump with presscontrol, a hydropneumatic system, and a hybrid system, structured using Neutrosophic SuperHyperSoft Sets. The results indicated that the presscontrol system exhibited the highest efficiency (22.48%), followed by the hybrid system (21.62%) and the hydropneumatic system (20.17%), with minimal differences in operational flow rates. It was concluded that although these systems do not meet high-demand scenarios, they are efficient for most common sanitary fixtures, optimizing energy consumption and sustainability in residential and …

Nahp For The Selection Of Analgesic Treatments In Third Molar Surgery, Mónica Sofia Pallo Sarabia, Lenin Rubén Imbacuán Jiménez, Marjorie Elizabeth Valdivieso Villacís, Ximena Pallo Sarabia

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The optimal selection of analgesics for third molar removal is a pressing concern due to patient-specific benefits and unknown ramifications of treatment efficacy. This is a major concern relative to dentistry and the health field in general because optimal analgesic selection minimizes postoperative adverse events and improves recovery and quality of life; improper selection does the opposite. Yet much of the research conducted fails to combine a systematic selection process with the uncertainty surrounding efficacy versus adverse events versus patient-related considerations. Therefore, this research uses a systematic approach via Neutrosophic Analytic Hierarchy Process (NAHP) which allows for true, indeterminate, and …

Risk Prediction In Dental Implants With Bone Substitutes Using A Hybrid Neutrosophic-Logistic Model: Managing Uncertainty In Clinical And Biomechanical Variables, Mónica Sofía Pallo Sarabia, Darwin Josue Cubi Masaquiza, Favio Nicholas Zúñiga Calderón, Luis Acosta Rueda

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Predicting risk for bone substitutes when using dental implants is a complicated task as no one can determine all clinical and biomechanical factors that will/may contribute to a successful treatment outcome. Yet the discipline has been establishing various means of prediction through traditional logistic regression. However, many do not acknowledge the unknowns--potential developments of one's biological response or biomaterial characteristics. This work seeks to adjust this issue through a novel approach to traditional logistic regression and neutrosophic logic, which, combined, can calculate levels of certainty, indeterminacy and uncertainty from one dataset. In this example, for example, the variables used for …

Neutrosophic Statistical Regression Models For Predicting The Incidence Of Nosocomial Infections In Post-Trauma Patients, Nairovys Gómez Martinez, Gerardo Ramos Serpa, Riber Fabian Donoso Noroña, Gloria Medina Naranjo

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The rationale for predicting nosocomial infections in post-trauma patients is based upon the ability to assess all relevant and subjectivity factors effectively for each individual. This research is currently relevant to public health because nosocomial infections are one of the most stubborn factors plaguing patients and health facilities alike. Therefore, it is timely and appropriate to be able to predict accurate and generalizable findings—yet the current literature does not utilize a predictive approach that considers the uncertainty and imprecision when clinicians encounter such clinical data. Therefore, this dissertation aims to fill that gap with a statistical-neutrosophic regression model which inherently …

Determining Factors For Minimizing Oven Downtime Through Controlled Batch Management: A Multineutrosophic Approach With Aras, Shakila Devi Gt, Sangeetha S, Maikel Yelandi Leyva Vazquez

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study addresses a critical operational challenge in the baking industry: minimizing oven downtime through effective batch processing control. This study assesses which factors are the most critical contributors to minimizing downtime on batch processing operations to hypothesize efficiencies. But why is this problem? Sadly, much research has been done and found that ineffective resource allocation not only wastes funds but also increases carbon footprint for unnecessary baking, which is ironic since fresh products must drive demand at a low-cost. Furthermore, minimizing downtime allows for the more sustainability-oriented production that today's manufacturers are on the hook for. Therefore, testing new …

Assessing Viral Susceptibility In Tilapia Species Using Plithogenic Fuzzy Soft Set: A Multi-Expert Approach For Tilv, Raúl González Salas, Jhael Mikaela Gómez Ashqui, Marco Paúl Medina Valencia

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This research assessed tilapia species susceptibility to Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) via a new plithogenic fuzzy soft set (CFS). This mathematical conception offers a holistic assessment via biological, environmental, and epidemiological attributes, merging unknown and variable data across multiple researching experts. Thus, the findings emerged from controlled and field assessed mortality, viral titers, and microenvironments of up to five species processed through the CFS model to determine vulnerability rankings. CFS revealed Oreochromis niloticus was the most susceptible to TiLV with red hybrids second and O. mossambicus most resistant. In addition, the CFS model revealed specific parameters, including temperature and population …

Neutrosophic-Logistic Hybrid Model To Evaluate The Effectiveness Of Penitentiary Policies And Their Impact On Criminal Recidivism In Ecuador, Ignacio Fernando Barcos Arias, Jennifer Angelina Almagro Triana, Ariana Michelle Mazacón Campoverde, Jason Guayaquil Cobo

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study aims to develop a hybrid model that combines neutrosophic logic with logistic regression to evaluate the effectiveness of prison policies in Ecuador and their impact on criminal recidivism. The central problem lies in the inefficiency of the Ecuadorian prison system, characterized by high levels of intra-prison violence, deficiencies in rehabilitation and social reintegration programs, and a rising recidivism rate among inmates. This situation is exacerbated by the employment discrimination that ex-offenders face when reintegrating into society, which limits their opportunities and encourages the repetition of criminal behavior. The methodology applied was a mixed approach, with a non-experimental cross-sectional …

Improving Quality In Service Processes Through The Strategic Implementation Of The Servqual Neutrosophic Statistical Model, Carlos Esteban Reyes Sanchez, Angel Vinicio Valencia Ramos, Paola Fernanda Castillo Castillo

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This is a relative service quality assessment with a process optimization quality of life approach comparison as quality is a competitive advantage in service based organizational efforts. This is a relative service quality assessment with a process optimization quality of life approach comparison new due to implementation. The problem is that quality is a competitive advantage for organizations in modern society with a focus on service based organizational efforts. When human populations experience service, there are always adaptive, and many times, need based expectations for successful service delivery; therefore, new implementation processes take developmental consideration. However, prior research does not …

Neutrosophic Psychological Profiles In Habeas Corpus: An Analysis Of Judicial Indeterminacy, Esther Maricela Coello Avilés, Kevin Luis Flores Vega, Josselyn Bryggitte Vilela Verdezoto

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study investigates the psychological influences, particularly indeterminacy, on judges' and lawyers' decisions regarding habeas corpus, an area underexplored in legal psychology which traditionally focuses on cognitive bias and emotional processing. Employing Neutrosophic Psychology, the research utilized semi-structured interviews and neutrosophic questionnaires with 60 legal practitioners to analyze their levels of acceptance, rejection, and indeterminacy. The findings reveal significant indeterminacy in granting or denying habeas corpus, fueled by a persistent tension between sympathetic and conservative leanings. Key impactful variables identified include existential factors, social pressures, and personal values. Ultimately, the study validates Neutrosophic Psychology as an applicable framework in the …

Neutrosophic Assessment Of Evidence In Cases Of Divorce Due To Adultery: An Application Of The Owa-Topsis Model To The Evidentiary Obstacle In The Ecuadorian Legal System, Jason Humberto Ruiz Silva, Esther Maricela Coello Avilés, Vanessa Josefa Hernández Alvarado

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The current research resolves an internal issue of the Ecuadorian legal system: the assessment of evidence for divorce by adultery, an unjust approach since it cannot always be evidenced properly. Thus, when judges have the power to rule, their authority is compromised since one of the most crucial elements of adjudicatory due process is equity, and equity stems from objectivity. Unfortunately, we see subjectivity here stemming from the uncertainty and indeterminacy relative to such evidence. While much literature exists relative to the analysis of judicial determination, little evolution occurs relative to a solid approach that incorporates such uncertainty and indeterminacy …

Current Situation Of The Integration Of Neutrosophy In Requirements Engineering, Franklin Parrales-Bravo, Roberto Tolozano-Benites, Leonel Vasquez-Cevallos, Leili Lopezdominguez-Rivas

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study conducts a comprehensive literature review to explore the integration of neutrosophic logic in Requirements Engineering (RE), addressing challenges such as uncertainty, ambiguity, and conflicting stakeholder perspectives. By systematically analyzing peer-reviewed studies from 2015 to 2024, the research synthesizes existing neutrosophic techniques—including Type-2 Neutrosophic Numbers (T2NNs), Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps (NCMs), and Single-Valued Neutrosophic Sets (SVNS)—and categorizes their applications into uncertainty handling, conflict resolution, and requirement prioritization. The study highlights neutrosophy’s transformative potential in enhancing RE practices, offering robust solutions beyond traditional methods. Additionally, it identifies underexplored techniques like Bipolar Neutrosophic Sets (BNS) and Neutrosophic Rough Sets (NRS) for future …

A Multivariate Framework For Measuring International Mobility In Tertiary Education With Neutrosophic Sentiment Assessment, Álvaro Toledo-San-Martin, Claudio Ruff -Escobar, Purification Galindo-Villardon, Purificación Vicente-Galindo

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

International mobility of tertiary education is vital for countries engaged in innovative educational research and those wishing to stay ahead in the field. However, cross-national comparisons face a challenge in methodology induced by the phenomenon's multi-dimensionality. This study analyzes the international mobility of tertiary education in 29 countries from 2013 to 2020 using international students as a percentage of enrollment as a primary dependent variable. The goal is to evaluate trends across nations and subsequently propose a composite index of the multi-dimensional phenomenon. A variety of multivariate analytical techniques were employed; for example, STATIS (Structuring de Tableaux À Trois) Statistics …

Contributions Of Educational Investment To International Student Mobility: A Multivariate And Neutrosophic Analysis Of Educational Service Quality In Oecd Data, Alexis Matheu Pérez, Roberto Cortés, Alain Carrier, Carlos Sebrango

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This article examines the impact of educational investments in higher education on student international mobility from 39 OECD countries between 2013 and 2020 through multivariate statistical analyses and neutrosophic modeling of the SERVQUAL Neutrosophic Model. The findings, based on principal component analysis, biplot conclusions, and multiple linear regressions, suggest that there is a complicated, mixed relationship between investment per student, investment as a percentage of higher education, and part-time employment. However, findings establish that educational investments (in unconditional numbers) have a direct nexus to international mobility, linking biometrics to positive human well-being efforts, sustainability of academic disciplines, and responsible, relative …

Digital Divide In Latin America: A Multivariate And Neutrosophic Delphi Analysis For Inclusion And Public Policy, Cristian Cornejo Gaete, Viviana Tartakowsky Pezoa, Claudio Ruff Escobar, Jaime Zañartu Reyes

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study examines access to digital connectivity in Latin America, highlighting both progress and persistent structural inequalities. In the context of the pandemic, the internet has consolidated its position as an essential tool for daily life, highlighting deep gaps between countries, urban and rural areas, and different socioeconomic groups. Using the graphical multivariate HJ-Biplot method, complemented by a Neutrosophic Delphi approach to model indeterminacies in digital inclusion policies, the research question is addressed: How are Latin American and Caribbean countries grouped according to their level of access to digital connectivity, considering socioeconomic, age, ¿and geographic differences? The hypothesis guiding this …

Innovation Ecosystems And Economic Performance In Latin America: A Multivariate And Plithogenic Neutrosophic Approach To The Global Innovation Index, Héctor Fernández, Purification Galindo-Villardón, Marcelo Ruiz, Alexis Pérez

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The article is a retrospective assessment of the innovation landscape in Latin America between 2012-2022. The assessment is conducted through a multivariate and neutrosophic plithogenic approach based on the Global Innovation Index (GII). The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) assesses the factors constituting the GII creation to reveal invisible dimensions of innovation, while k-means clustering divides the observations into three clusters relevant to structural ability and innovative achievements. Moreover, a multiple linear regression calculates the relative importance of the GII pillars compared to the mean value, revealing that the economic dimension of resources/infrastructure, human capital, and research generate the highest results. …

Research Trajectories In Latin American Universities: A Multivariate And Plithogenic Analysis Of Global Rankings, Marcelo Ruiz, Bastián Guitérrez, Aleksandra Michenkova, Luis Benites

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study investigates Latin American universities' performance in global rankings through a multivariate, multitemporal approach across the elements of scientific productivity, research influence and internationalization. Subsequently applying HJ- Biplot and clustering analysis reveals the timeliness of differentiated institutional trajectories and the ascendance of structural clusters related to research capacity models. The data are derived from THE and QS rankings and SCImago and comprise the following elements: citations per professor, extremely cited articles, collaboration networks, quantity of grants submitted and more. Conclusions indicate that specific countries and universities of certain types not only yield heterogeneous outcomes but also require targeted measures …

Prediction Of Therapeutic Response To Probiotics In Inflammatory Bowel Diseases With Neutrosophic Regression, Carlos Castañeda Guillot, Ronelsys Martínez Martínez, Yohan Manuel Mancha Alfonso

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Therapeutic prediction response to probiotics in the field of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been a struggle for the gastroenterology field of studies. However, as IBD increases in the general population and varying reports of treatment response due to heterogeneous use of probiotics suggests greater predictive need. In addition, based on the multitude of articles currently published correlating the gut microbiome with disease pathology, there remains a theoretical gap in the literature. That is, the application of neutrosophic statistics to simulate the uncertainties experienced by biological information and later clinical real world data. This article seeks to fill that gap …

Resolving Contradictions In Public Policies On Child Begging: An N- Alectic Approach, Esther Maricela Coello Avilés, Kevin Luis Flores Vega, Keyla Nayely Casquete Cedeño

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This project fills a wicked problem gap with policy assessments relative to child begging—a condition that keeps children in a vulnerable state within the confines of the urban setting—and the literature gap exists because while prior researchers aimed to review child begging policy assessments, none have done so from an dialectic, multidisciplinary, moral and social intersectional perspective. Filling the literature gap relevance is about contribution to the field because many of these policies stem from an otherwise noble cause to either imprison or render assistance to vulnerable children yet fail when a poorly socioeconomic population's public safety gets in the …

Neutrosophic Performance Evaluation Of A Consulting Firm Using A Hybrid Topsis-Owa Model From The Perspective Of Consultants And Auditors, Vladimir Vega Falcón

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Yet performance evaluation of consulting firms faces uncertainty and subjectivity for the auditor's consultant perspective a concern for problematizing proper strategic choice. This condition is relevant since consulting firms are integral to any enterprise problem solving, and identifying where productivity exists only makes firms more competitive and enhances quality of service to their clients. Yet the literature does not provide any constructs to properly apply indeterminacy to human assessments as operations are based on crisp integers and binary true/false logic which does not adequately represent the holistic expertise of the professional. Therefore, this study proposes a hybrid neutrosophic TOPSIS-OWA assessment …

Effectiveness Of Dogmatic Criminal Law Reasoning In The Permanent Structure Of The General Theory Of Crime And Punishment Through Plithogenic N-Superhypergraphs, Luis A. Crespo-Berti, Josía Jeseff Isea Argüelles, Marco Patricio Villa Zura

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study solves a central problem associated with criminal law: the theory and punishment of criminal law is assessed via transcendentally structured criminal law theory and punishment essentially static via a legal dogmatic approach. While transcendental are necessary for a normative understanding of criminal law, in reality, they apply to no situationally based real-world construction of intersecting cases, meaning transcendental assessments render static, decontextualized conclusions. Yet the application exists in criminal law but literature does not create a system that affords criminals, crimes, and punishment the non-certain, paradoxical, and variable components associated with them and a legal system. Therefore, this …

Formative Uncertainty And Community Perception In Social Engagement Projects Using Neutrosophic Z Numbers, Carlos Vélez, Carla Espinoza, Manuel Espinoza, Fabrizzio Andrade Zamora, Óscar José Alejo Machado

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This research addresses the gap of measuring social learning of social community projects, a controversial topic stemming from the subjectivity of all involved actors. It's a relevant topic because eventually, all community projects will need to be assessed for effective educational and social gains to ensure meaningful existence for sustainability purposes. However, the literature does not provide such assessments because actions are fuzzy or blended with communities and non-deterministic learning outcomes. This research attempts to assess the measurement of social learning of social community projects using Neutrosophic Z Numbers to bring uncertainty into the measurement equation. Beginning with a proposed …

Prioritizing Administrative Process Improvements Through Nahp And Business Process Management, Andrea Malavé Gómez, Andrés Avilés-Noles, Carlos Bastidas Sánchez, Fabrizzio Andrade Zamora

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This research developed a hybrid approach that combines BPM and Neutrosophic Analytic Hierarchy Process (NAHP) to prioritize the improvement of administrative processes for more efficient operation in high uncertainty settings. For instance, BPMN 2.0 was used to visualize the AS-IS/TO-BE of a public university's document management process (current/future state) to identify the source of delays/duplication and the NAHP technique was employed to evaluate and prioritize the evaluation criteria (time, cost, and user satisfaction) through expert pairwise comparisons manifested by truth-degrees, indeterminacy, and falsity since NAHP confines ambiguity and inconsistencies of reply. The AS-IS/TO-BE findings indicated a 30% decrease in turnaround …

Hap-Covid: Hybrid Model Integrating Machine Learning And Neutrosophic Statistics To Estimate Mortality Risk In Covid-19 Comorbid Patients, Daniel Iturburu-Salvador, Lorenzo Cevallos-Torres, Rosangela Caicedo-Quiroz, Irma Naranjo-Peña, Rosa Hernández-Magallanes, Rosa Gonzáles-Quiñones

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study aims to utilize a hybrid predictive model to evaluate the mortality risk in COVID-19 patients with comorbidities. It is challenging to make clinical decisions while dealing with SARS-CoV-2 because of the high death rate related to chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), renal failure, heart disease, and cancer. To overcome this obstacle, a Monte Carlo algorithm-based simulated database was created, with clinical variables represented by Bernoulli and truncated normal distributions. Several prediction models, including Decision Trees, Naive Bayes, and Neutrosophic Statistics, were trained using this database. While the neutrosophic model permitted risk categorization …

Study Of The Information Technology Knowledge Of First-Semester Students At A Private University In Huancayo Based On The Indeterminate Likert Scale And Z-Numbers, Ketty Marilú Moscoso-Paucarchuco, Wild Franz Cerron-Leon, Manuel Michael Beraún-Espíritu, José Segura-Cuyubamba, Leidy Yamira Carrera-Travezaño, Herbert Víctor Huaranga-Rivera, Edgar Gutiérrez-Gómez

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

It is essential for today's professional to know and master the information technologies that are part of modern life. Otherwise, this constitutes an educational deficiency in our universities that must be reversed. This paper aims to determine the level of information technology knowledge of first-semester students at the Franklin Roosevelt Private University of Huancayo in Peru. The study population consists of 240 students. Simple random sampling was used to select a representative sample. Data collection was carried out using a survey consisting of a questionnaire containing a set of 37 questions. The survey measures students' level of skills in using …

Https://Fs.Unm.Edu/Nss/Nss-89-2025-Sia.Pdf, Florentin Smarandache, Ma Kel Leyva Vázquez, Mohamed Abdel-Basset

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

Governance In The Absence Of Government, Tracy Hresko Pearl

Faculty Articles

Artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing at an unprecedented pace, with generative systems exerting growing influence over social, economic, and political life. While Al offers opportunities for innovation and efficiency, it also poses risks ranging from misinformation and job displacement to existential threats if highly autonomous systems evade human control. Across industry, government, and civil society, there is broad consensus that Al requires oversight.

Yet traditional U.S. regulatory approaches face six significant barriers: (1) technology outpacing legislation, (2) limited Al expertise among policymakers, (3) regulatory capture, (4) political gridlock, (5) outdated governance structures, and (6) the inherent complexity of Al. Combined …

Msh 245 The American Musical Experience Fall 2025 Syllabus, Margaret Farrell

Open Educational Resources

This syllabus guided our exploration of the ways in which the musical cultures of those who arrived on our shores from Europe and Africa shaped the emergence of a distinctly American musical tradition. Links to relevant readings were provided on our LMS (Brightspace) page. Since this was an asynchronous online section, engagement was mainly through videos and slide presentations. Discussion assignments reinforced learning and encouraged critical thinking. In addition, students were required to submit a report on a live American music experience.