Digital Commons Network^™

Face Recognition Using Optimized Multi-Task Cascaded Cnn In Artificial Intelligence Systems, Sami Abduljabbar Rashid, Mustafa Maad Hamdi, Salah Ayad Jassim, Lukman Audah, Baraa Saad Abdulhakeem, Mohammed Salah Abood, Ahmed Adil Nafea

Baghdad Science Journal

Improving the accuracy level of face recognition system is still an open research area where it consists of certain limitations to attain maximum accuracy. In earlier days, several algorithms are developed using machine learning and deep learning models, but still, they need improvement in terms of accuracy. For that purpose, in this article a novel CNN model called the optimized multi cascaded CNN (OPT-MTC-CNN) in the artificial intelligence system is developed, which helps to overcome the accuracy issues in face recognition system. The algorithms that are incorporated in this model are Fully Convolutional Network (FCN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and …

A Review Of Deep Learning Architectures For Plant Disease Detection​, Yasi̇n Kaya, Ercan Gürsoy

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: The rapid advancement of deep learning (DL) has revolutionized plant disease detection by enabling highly accurate, image-based diagnostic solutions. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of DL-based methodologies for plant disease detection, systematically structured around the key stages of the modeling pipeline, encompassing data acquisition, preprocessing, augmentation, classification, detection, segmentation, and deployment.

Materials and methods: The review focuses on evaluating convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures such as VGG, ResNet, EfficientNet, and DenseNet across diverse experimental contexts. Classification strategies are categorized according to their integration of visualization techniques (e.g., saliency maps, Grad-CAM) to enhance model interpretability, emphasizing the pivotal role …

The Effects Of The Combined Use Of Carbon Quantum Dots And Antibacterial Agents On Pathogenic Bacteria, Derya Doğanay, İbrahi̇m Serkan Avşar, Şevval Maral Özcan Aykol, Gamze Çamlik, Besa Bi̇lakaya, İsmai̇l Tuncer Deği̇m

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: This study evaluates the challenges associated with overcoming antimicrobial resistance and innovative approaches to combat multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections.

Materials and methods: Novel codoped carbon quantum dots (CCQDs) were synthesized using citric acid as the carbon source and L-cysteine as the nitrogen codoping atom. The formulation in which citric acid was retained was designated as CCQDs-1, whereas the purified version, from which citric acid was removed, was termed CCQDs-2. The antibacterial properties of CCQDs-1 and CCQDs-2 were compared using the agar well diffusion method. This study comprehensively characterizes these nanomaterials and evaluates their antibacterial potential, both alone and in …

High-Voltage Solid-State Lithium Batteries: A Review Of Electrolyte Design, Interface Engineering, And Future Perspectives, Cheng Yang, Zi-Xin Liang, Ming-Yun Zhang, Ming-Zhe Chen, Kai Zhang, Li-Min Zhou

Journal of Electrochemistry

Solid-state lithium batteries have become a research hotspot in the field of large-scale energy storage due to their excellent safety performance. The development of high-voltage positive electrode materials matched with lithium metal anode have advanced the energy density of solid-state lithium batteries close to or even exceeding that of lithium batteries based on a liquid electrolyte, which is expected to be commercialized in the future. However, in high voltage conditions (> 4.3 V), the decomposition of electrolyte components, structural degradation, and interface side reactions significantly reduce battery performance and hinder its further development. This review summarizes the latest research progress …

Development Trends And Priority Research Fields Of Electrochemical Discipline In The 15th Five Year Plan Period, Lin Zhuang, Wen-Bin Cai, Heng-Xing Ji, Qing Li, Gong-Wei Wang, Sen Xin, Qing Zhao, Fang-Yi Cheng, Yu-Guo Guo, Lan-Qun Mao, Yang Tian, Fei Wu, Li-Min Zhang, Yan Xiang, Jin-Song Hu, Rui Cao, Li Xiao, Hua-Bing Tao, Wei Xing, Dong-Ping Zhan, Hong-Gang Liao, Mei-Ling Xiao, Bin Ren, Zhang-Quan Peng, Rui Wen, Xiang Wang, Yue-Feng Song, Hou-Fu Lv, Bao-Yu Xia, Guo-Xiong Wang, Jun Cheng, Zhi-Pan Liu, Min Zhou, Bing Huang, Cun-Pu Li, Yu-Qin Zou, Shuang-Yin Wang, Hai-Bo Lin, Zi-Dong Wei

Journal of Electrochemistry

In fulfillment of the national science-and-technology development agenda, the Department of Chemical Sciences of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) convened the Strategic Symposium on the Fifteenth Five-Year (2026–2030) Development Plan for Electrochemistry held in Xiamen on 29 August, 2025—the culminating year of the Fourteenth Five-Year (2021–2025) Development Plan. More than forty leading experts in the field of electrochemistry participated with spanning nine thematic fronts: Interfacial Electrocatalysis, Interfacial Electrochemistry for Energy Storage, Bioelectrochemistry, Electrochemistry of Hydrogen Energy, Electrochemical Micro-/Nano-Manufacturing, Operando Electrochemical Characterization, Electro-Thermal Coupling Catalysis, Theoretical and Computational Electrochemistry, and Electrochemical Synthesis. The forum assembled China’s foremost electrochemical …

Dramatic Biases In Terrestrial Nitrogen Fixation In Earth System Models Revealed By Natural Isotope Signatures, Maoyuan Fang, Shushi Peng, Philippe Ciais, Daniel S. Goll, Benjamin Z. Houlton, Ying-Ping Wang, Yilong Wang, Pan Liu, Joshua B. Fisher, Pierre Regnier

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is the primary input of new reactive nitrogen to natural terrestrial ecosystems. However, this flux is poorly constrained due to its unclear drivers and associated control mechanisms. Here, we extend the existing theory of nitrogen (N) isotope mass balance to estimate BNF rates and then use a Bayesian approach to constrain the BNF rates in natural terrestrial ecosystems by using measurements of natural N-isotope ratios (δ¹⁵N) in plants (δ_P) and soil (δ_S). Together with pairwise δ_P and δ_S measurements from 18 forest sites covering diverse climates and thousands …

Complexity Measures For Self-Similar And Chemical Graphs Using Entropies And Generalized Fractal Dimensions, J. Bhuvaneswari, D. Easwaramoorthy

Baghdad Science Journal

Nonlinear analysis finds numerous applications in understanding the intricate characteristics of generalized Sierpinski graphs or chemical graphs. It aids in discerning the fractal patterns inherent in self-similar structures, deciphering the dynamic interactions within chemical bonds, and assessing the complexity of molecular arrangements. Furthermore, it plays a crucial role in unraveling the emergent behaviors of complex systems, offering insights applicable to diverse fields such as materials science, chemistry, biology, network theory, and beyond. In this paper, the complexity of generalized Sierpinski graphs and chemical graphs is analyzed using fractal-based nonlinear measures computed iteratively. Nonlinear measures assess intricate relationships within graphs by …

Lung Cancer Classification With High Accuracy Based On Enhanced K- Nearest Neighbor Algorithm, Ahmed Subhi Abdalkafor, Ali Azawii Abdul Lateef

Baghdad Science Journal

Lung diseases have newly increased, with lung cancer being the most serious, as a result of the widespread use of electronic cigarettes and the high demand for them among youth. Misdiagnosis of this disease has resulted in a high death rate around the world, which further complicates matters. So the researchers have tended to concentrate on and study this illness. After extracting the crucial characteristics for this cancer's classification, several studies implemented multiple artificial intelligence algorithms with different techniques, nonetheless, the primary difference between those studies persisted in the classification accuracy. In this paper, after selecting the methods of pre-processing …

Academic Senate - Minutes, 10/28/2025, Academic Senate

Academic Senate Minutes

No abstract provided.

Dense And Nowhere Dense Sets On Dual Soft Topological Space, Janat Y. Rasheed, L. A. Al. Swidi

Baghdad Science Journal

The concepts of dual soft sets are introduced as general mathematical tools for transactions with a lack of confidence or certainty. This work defined the dual soft topology on a dual soft set and presented its related properties. The main goal of this research is to clarify the concepts of dense and nowhere dense sets on dual soft topological spaces as density plays a very important role in general topology for solving many mathematical and engineering problems. Our research paper presented the notions of dense, nowhere dense and somewhere dense within the dual soft set theory which in specific ways. …

Numerical Solutions Of Poisson Problem By Using Finite Element Method Based On Linear, Quadratic, And Cubic Polynomials, Ali Kamil Al-Abadi, Shurooq Kamel Abd

Baghdad Science Journal

The finite element approach, which uses linear, quadratic, and cubic polynomials, can solve the elliptic form of the Poisson equation. This allows the method to provide a solution to the Poisson problem. This possibility arises from the structure within which the method operates. This work aims to provide an analysis of the technique in question and demonstrate its potential for applications in both square and circular dimensions. In conducting this investigation, a direct solution of the system of linear equations was used. Obtaining optimal error estimates in the L² and H¹ norms is possible for us if we …

Coefficient Estimates Of A New Subclass Of R-Fold Symmetric Bi-Univalent Functions Involving Ruscheweyh Derivative, Nihad H. Shehab, Abdul Rahman S. Juma, Maslina Darus

Baghdad Science Journal

In this work, the authors introduce and study a new subclass ofM^h,u_Σr(γ,η,κ,λ), which is r-fold bi-univalent functions in open-unit disk 𝔄. Using the Rushwaya derivative operator, the study investigates the properties and behavior of an analytically generalized r-fold symmetric two-monovalent function in the open-unit disk 𝔄. The analysis calculates the Taylor-Maclarin coefficients |a_r+1| and |a_2r+1|, which represent one of its key terms these estimates M^h,u_Σr(γ …

On The Statistical Variation Of Γ-Covers Controlled By The Class Of Weight Functions, Parthiba Das, Jalal Hatem Hussein Al-Bayati, Prasenjit Bal

Baghdad Science Journal

In this study, the notion of the star operator and the class of weight functions defined on the entire natural number set ℕ have been used to develop a version of the statistical cover of a topological space. In this version of statistical γ-cover, the pace of statistical convergence is mostly controlled by the selected weight function. A map g defined as g:ℕ→[0,∞)such that lim_n→∞g(n)=∞ and lim_n→∞⁄ng(n)≠0is called a weight function. Relationships between several γ …

New Economic Hub Proposal In West Java Based On Toll Road Connectivity Using Community Detection, Ichwanul Muslim Karo Karo, Mohd Farhan Bin Md. Fudzee, Shahreen Binti Kasim, Azizul Azhar Ramli

Baghdad Science Journal

A region's economic activity has a significant impact on the growth of its surroundings. Adequate connectivity (e.g., toll roads, railways, airlines and others) are essential to the inter-regional economy and encourage new economic hub. Indonesia is intensively constructing toll road infrastructure and West Java province has the highest number of planned/operating it. This study aims to identify new economic hubs in West Java based on connectivity between regencies/cities with toll roads. The new hubs are identified by using a community detection approach. To support the idea, this study illustrates cities/regencies as vertices and connectivity of cities/regencies with toll roads as …

Dissecting The Intrinsic And Extrinsic Regulators Of Prostate Cancer Dormancy In The Bone Microenvironment, Mostafa M. Nasr

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Metastatic disease is the primary driver of cancer-related mortality. In prostate cancer (PCa), patient survival decreases dramatically once the disease spreads to distant organs, with over 80% of metastases occurring in the bone. This dissemination is often followed by a clinically silent period of tumor dormancy that can last for years, creating a critical reservoir of cells poised for lethal relapse. A significant barrier to understanding and targeting this dormant phase has been the lack of robust experimental models. This thesis first addresses this challenge by establishing a novel stress-induced model of PCa dormancy, validated across multiple murine and human …

Re: Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Butte Treatment Lagoons (Btl) Groundwater Treatment System Routine Operations, Maintenance, And Monitoring (Om&M) Plan (Dated August 29, 2025), Emma Rott

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

A New Scheme For Simple Asymmetric Bivariate Copulas And Applications, Rachid Bentoumi, Farid El Ktaibi, Christophe Chesneau

All Works

Bivariate copulas play a central role in modeling the dependence structure between two random variables and serve as a fundamental tool in various applied fields. In this article, we develop a new theoretical framework aimed at constructing simple asymmetric bivariate copulas of the form C(u, v) = uv [ϕ(v) + u(1 − ϕ(v))^], (u, v) ∈ [0, 1]². This framework relies on a tuning univariate function to achieve the desired asymmetry. We study this pioneering scheme, emphasizing its theoretical foundations, and illustrating it with several examples. More precisely, we establish important properties of the proposed copulas …

Fahp-Topsis Model In Ranking Critical Success Factors Of E-Learning: A Comparative Analysis Of Normalization Methods, Judith R. Pande, David Koloseni, Septimi Kitta

Tanzania Journal of Science

The teaching and learning process has become effective and explicit due to the progressive development of e-learning. This has significantly transformed the education framework. As a result, evaluating the usefulness of e-learning requires a detailed understanding of the critical success factors that impact the success of e-learning environments. This study ranked these factors using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making techniques. Specifically, the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process was used to determine the weight of each factor, while the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution was used to rank the factors of e-learning. The study also examined and compared four normalization …

Assessment Of Tumour Control Probability And Equivalent Uniform Dose In Conventional 3d-Crt Vs. Hypo-Fractionated Imrt, Jumaa D. Kisukari, Mwingereza J. Kumwenda, Khamis O. Amour, Ehab M. Attalla, Emmanuel Lugina

Tanzania Journal of Science

Hypo-fractionated (HF) radiotherapy offers a promising solution to improve access to cancer treatment in resource-limited settings, such as developing countries, by reducing the number of treatment sessions compared to conventional fractionation (CF). For effective implementation, evaluating Equivalent Uniform Dose (EUD) and Tumour Control Probability (TCP) is essential to ensure treatment efficacy across different radiotherapy techniques. This study compares treatment plans generated using Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy with Conventional Fractionation (3D-CRT CF) and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy with Hypo-fractionation (IMRT HF) in patients with localized prostate cancer. A total of 50 patients were CT-simulated, and their images were imported into a …

A Comparative Study For Classical Machine Learning Models For Swahili Social Media Sentiment Analysis, Mahadia Tunga, Davis David

Tanzania Journal of Science

Despite sentiment analysis being one of the most popular applications in Natural Language Processing (NLP), most studies are skewed towards languages with a rich corpus (language database). Less emphasis has been placed on low-resource languages like Swahili. Swahili is the official language of the African Union and of 4 countries in East Africa, and is spoken by many people on the African continent. This study performed sentiment analysis using 3,000 tweets hosted on the Zindi Africa platform. Data was processed using a term frequency-inverse document frequency vectorization method, and five classical machine learning algorithms (RandomForest, XgBoost, and CatBoost, HistogramGradientBoost, LightGradientBoos) …

Evaluating Weather Research And Forecasting Model In Simulating March-May Rainfall In Tanzania: Implications Of Selecting Parameterization Schemes, Mohamed H. Mohamed, Makungu James Ng'oga

Tanzania Journal of Science

The current study evaluates the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in simulating seasonal rains of March-May (MAM) in Tanzania, based on the implication of selecting parameterization scheme combinations. The model was configured into two domains with horizontal resolutions of 36 km and 12 km and the initial and lateral boundary conditions were provided by the Climate Forecast System Version 2 at 00 UTC. However, only the inner domain of 12 km was used for analysis, which has a fine horizontal resolution that accounts for small scale features such as terrains. Twelve simulations have been performed using …

Mathematical Analysis Of Toxicants And Diseases Impact On A Prey-Predator System With Control Interventions, Nuru Yazidi Juma, Thadei Damas Sagamiko, James Philbert Mpele

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study developed a generic prey-predator mathematical model incorporating logistic growth for prey and a Holling Type I functional response for predator consumption. Prey-predator interactions form the foundation of ecological balance, but in recent decades these systems have been increasingly threatened by toxicants and infectious diseases. The combined effect of these challenges can lead to severe population declines, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem instability, making their study important for conservation and environmental management. The model includes the effects of diseases and toxicants on prey and toxicants only on predators, and explores optimal control strategies to mitigate these threats. Without considering time …

Design Of High-Performance Synchronous Reluctance Motor For Hybrid Electric Vehicle Application, Fred Loita, Jackson Justo

Tanzania Journal of Science

This paper presents the simulation-based design of a synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) coupled electromechanical system suitable for the hybrid electric vehicle. The study considers SynRM with a 75kW power rating with the capability to produce up to 125kW maximum power for the electric vehicle. The focus is mainly on rotor and stator design; the angles of the flux-barrier ends are considered to reduce the torque ripple due to the slot harmonics. Reluctance machines are indeed competitive for applications requiring high efficiency at low cost. However, it is a challenging task to find design solutions that ensure structural integrity of the …

Rainwater Harvesting For Domestic Use In Suburb Areas Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania: A Case Study Of Wazo Hill, Scholastica S. Ishengoma, Mahir Mohammed Said, Neema O. Msuya

Tanzania Journal of Science

Despite the increasing reliance of rainwater harvesting in semi-urban areas, there is a lack of comprehensive localized data on the safety of harvested rainwater, particularly in areas such as Wazo Hill where communities predominantly depend on it. This study evaluates the quality of harvested rooftop rainwater intended for human consumption and assesses its compliance with the World health Organization (WHO) and Draft East Africa Standards (DEAS) for drinking water. Rainwater samples were collected from various catchment surfaces and storage systems located in Wazo Hill, Tanzania. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to select the households equipped with rainwater harvesting …

Assessment Of Bacteriological Quality And Physico-Chemical Parameters Of Domestic Water Sources In Relation To Human Health Risk In Kigamboni, Tanzania, Joseph A. Mwakosya

Tanzania Journal of Science

Data on bacteriological quality and physico-chemical parameters is crucial for protection and sustainable utilization of water resources. This study determined bacteriological quality and physico-chemical parameters of well and tap water sourcesin relation to human health risk in Kigamboni, Tanzania. Thirty water samples were collected randomly and analyzed using SPSS software. The mean values for well water samples of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, Chloride, Sulphate, Nitrate, Phosphate, and Calcium Carbonate were 7.2, 960.27 mg/L, 528.13 mg/L, 1.52 NTU, 288.00 mg/L, 30.13 mg/L, 0.05 mg/L, 0.08 mg/L, and 160.07 mg/L, respectively. The mean values for tap water …

Comparative Study On The Application Of Gra, Psi And Hybrid Psi-Gra Techniques For Optimising Turning Parameters In Multi-Criteria Problems, Mussa Iddi Mgwatu

Tanzania Journal of Science

The optimum turning parameters help to justify the investment in machine tools for manufacturing industries. However, solving optimisation models to achieve optimum turning parameters in multi-criteria environment is complex leading to the application of multi-criteria decision-making techniques. This paper compares three multi-criteria decision-making techniques in determining optimum turning process parameters namely spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut. The performance criteria are material removal rate, consumed electrical energy and tool wear rate. Example data for turning process were obtained from other studies while the analyses for multi-criteria decision-making were performed using grey relational analysis (GRA), preference selection index (PSI) …

Heavy Metal Contamination And Health Risks In Katoro's Artisanal Gold Mining Soils, Tanzania, Innocent J. Lugendo, Venance Mwesiga

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study assessed heavy metal contamination in surface soils from artisanal gold mining areas in Katoro, Tanzania, evaluating ecological and human health risks. Thirty-six soil samples were systematically collected from three mining villages (Bingwa, Isenye, and CCM) at varying distances ranging from 30 to 90 m from active mining pits alongside twelve control samples from a non-mining area for comparison purposes. Concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, and As in soil samples were analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF). Results revealed severe contamination, with Cr (117–1255 mg/kg), Cu (81–104 mg/kg), and Ni (89–271 mg/kg) exceeding permissible limits. The …

Spatio-Temporal Dynamics Of The Onset And Cessation Of Ond Rainy Season Across Bimodal Regions Of Tanzania, Rajabu J. Mangara, Paul Ts Limbu

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study investigates the temporal variability of the onset, cessation, and duration of the October-November-December (OND) rainy season in the bimodal rainfall region of Tanzania. Utilizing daily precipitation data from the Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation dataset for the period 2014–2023, the study employs the Accumulated Daily Index method to determine the onset and cessation of rains, with the seasonal duration computed as the difference between these dates. Variability in onset, cessation, and season length was quantified using the Coefficient of Variation. The findings highlight significant spatial variability in onset, with early rains in northwestern areas (e.g., Bukoba) and coastal zones, commencing …

Comparative Evaluation Of Dicyclohexylamine And N-Methyldiethanolamine As Corrosion Inhibitors For Top Of Line Corrosion On Api X80 Carbon Steel In Saturated Carbon Dioxide Aqueous Solutions, Frida W. Andalu, Abraham K. Temu, Alfred R. Akisanya, Joseph Yn Philip

Tanzania Journal of Science

This work has evaluated the efficiency of selected volatile corrosion inhibitors in mitigation of top of line corrosion in wet gas pipeline at different temperatures. The main challenge of top of line corrosion in carbon dioxide rich environment is the ability of the volatile corrosion inhibitor to effectively mitigate corrosion at adverse conditions. Electrochemical corrosion experiments using potentiodynamic polarization method were conducted at temperatures of 20 ℃, 35 ℃ and 45 °C to evaluate the efficiency of dicyclohexylamine and n-methyldiethanolamine corrosion inhibitors for top of line corrosion inhibition on carbon steel specimens derived from API X80 natural gas pipelines. The …

Energy-Saving Simple Adaptive Recursive Terminal Sliding Mode Control For Industrial Feed Drive Systems, Haryson Johanes Nyobuya

Tanzania Journal of Science

This paper proposes a simple adaptive recursive terminal sliding mode control approach for industrial feed drive systems. The design employs a recursive sliding mode structure that eliminates the reaching phase and ensures finite-time convergence of the tracking error. To mitigate chattering, a second-order nonsingular terminal sliding mode is used and the parameters to compensate for disturbances are obtain in terms of integral form and a proportional terminal term, which enhances disturbance rejection and further guarantees finite-time convergence. The proposed controller significantly reduces the tracking error and saves energy for the feed drive system. Numerical simulations on an industrial feed drive …