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Development Of Generic Science Skills Assessment Instruments For Chemistry Practicum On Thermochemistry And Reaction Rate, Anisa Fauziyah, Suwahono Suwahono, Wiwik Kartika Sari Apr 2023

Development Of Generic Science Skills Assessment Instruments For Chemistry Practicum On Thermochemistry And Reaction Rate, Anisa Fauziyah, Suwahono Suwahono, Wiwik Kartika Sari

Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran

Generic science skills are essential skills that must be mastered by students. Generic science skills can be assessed when students carry out practical activities through performance assessments. This study aims to develop an instrument based on general science in chemistry practicums on thermochemistry and reaction rates. This study was R&D with the ADDIE model, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The instruments used are validation sheets, reliability test sheets, and questionnaires. The results of data analysis showed that the instrument developed was valid, with an average score of 0.89 in a very good category. The results of the reliability …


Strategy For The Implementation Of Autistic Children's Vocational Programs In Special Schools, Lina Dwi Cahya Ningrum, Joko Yuwono, Supriyadi Supriyadi Apr 2023

Strategy For The Implementation Of Autistic Children's Vocational Programs In Special Schools, Lina Dwi Cahya Ningrum, Joko Yuwono, Supriyadi Supriyadi

Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran

This study aims to determine the strategy for implementing a vocational program for autistic children at Mitra Ananda Autism Special School. This research is qualitative research with a case study approach. Informants in this study were class teachers and vice principals. Informants were taken using the purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using interview, observation, and documentation techniques, with Miles & Huberman interactive model data analysis. The results showed that the program's implementation consisted of 1) planning, including initial ability assessment, class placement, and program preparation. 2) The learning steps include implementing the online-offline system, using time, methods, facilities, prompt …


An Analysis Of Factors Of Student Interest In English Language Sb Sentul Malaysia, Bella Sukma Suwanda,, Ana Maghfiroh, Diyah Atiek Mustikawati Apr 2023

An Analysis Of Factors Of Student Interest In English Language Sb Sentul Malaysia, Bella Sukma Suwanda,, Ana Maghfiroh, Diyah Atiek Mustikawati

Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran

One of the things that makes students learn English is interest. Interest in English makes students want to learn it. The purpose of this research is to analyze factors that influence students' interest in the English language. This study used a qualitative descriptive method using interviews to collect the data. The participants of this study were 5 students who studied at Sanggar Bimbingan Sentul, Malaysia. The interview results reveal that the students are interested in learning English because they want to continue their study to higher education. In addition, they are more comfortable communicating with friends who speak English, and …


Practicality Of Mathematic Learning Material Based On Sway 365 For Sixth Grade Primary School Students, Yola Monica Efriani, Alwen Bentri, Urvi Ghosh Apr 2023

Practicality Of Mathematic Learning Material Based On Sway 365 For Sixth Grade Primary School Students, Yola Monica Efriani, Alwen Bentri, Urvi Ghosh

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This research is development research that aims to reveal the practicality level of Microsoft Sway 365-based mathematics teaching materials for sixth-grade elementary school students. For the research instruments, we used questionnaire sheets to measure students’ and teachers’ responses in terms of the practicality of the developed material. The subject of the study was a fourth-grader of SD Plus Marhamah. The results suggested 4.23 and 4.4 practicality scores from students and teachers, respectively, categorized as excellent. So it can be decided that Microsoft sway 365-based mathematics teaching materials are practical to be used for sixth-grade elementary school students.


Development Of Android-Based "Megowan" Learning Media (Knowing Animals) For Class V Elementaryschool Students, Risa Hayati, Fitria Nur Hasanah, Sofiyah Al Idrus Apr 2023

Development Of Android-Based "Megowan" Learning Media (Knowing Animals) For Class V Elementaryschool Students, Risa Hayati, Fitria Nur Hasanah, Sofiyah Al Idrus

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

Technology carries many advantages, especially in the field of education. Linearly, students and teachers also get the benefits advantage by developing Android-based media for the learning process. This development research aims to make Megowan learning media based on Android on material that classifies animals based on their type of food for grade V elementary schools. In the long term, we also aim to identify the effectiveness and practicality of Megowan learning media for students, as well as improve student learning outcomes. This RnD (Research and Development) used ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) research model. The research subjects were 12 …


Developing English Beginner Material For Adult Level Integrated Into Web Mobile, Agus Triyogo, Maria Ramasari, Hamdan Hamdan, Wicaksono Febriantoro Apr 2023

Developing English Beginner Material For Adult Level Integrated Into Web Mobile, Agus Triyogo, Maria Ramasari, Hamdan Hamdan, Wicaksono Febriantoro

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

English is an international language which uses as language communication by people in the world with different language backgrounds, by English people have easy-to-do relationships with other people oversea. Looking at the larger of English users in the world, Indonesian must try to follow by learning English to make interaction with other people in the global area. English be one of the scrim lessons in the school because it contrasts with Indonesia Language in vocabulary, pronunciation and vocabulary. Such as in the physic study program at STKIP PGRI Lubuklinggau as 1. Difficult to master English vocabulary, 2. Confuse how to …


Students’ Learning Styles: How Does It Affect Students’ Understanding Of The Materials In An Online Academic Article Writing Class?, Nur Habibah, Anisya Septia Ayucahyani, Maghrisya Putri Yudistia, Moch. Rizkhal Fanani, Leonel Hernandez Apr 2023

Students’ Learning Styles: How Does It Affect Students’ Understanding Of The Materials In An Online Academic Article Writing Class?, Nur Habibah, Anisya Septia Ayucahyani, Maghrisya Putri Yudistia, Moch. Rizkhal Fanani, Leonel Hernandez

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The COVID-19 pandemic affects the learning process in the world that must be done online without direct teaching. Student learning situations may be different from direct learning; therefore, students must adapt again to this online learning system that can in-fluence their learning styles. There have been numerous studies examining students' learning styles, but the information on whether learning styles influence their new online learning adaptation is not sufficient. Thus, this present study is important in analyzing students’ learning styles and how learning styles affect students’ understanding of the materials given by the teacher in an online Academic Article Writing class. …


A Narrative Study On Exploring Google Voice Assistant In Efl Clasroom: Voice From Indonesian College Teacher, Wildana M. Giffari, Moh. Arif Mahbub, Moch. Imam Machfudi Apr 2023

A Narrative Study On Exploring Google Voice Assistant In Efl Clasroom: Voice From Indonesian College Teacher, Wildana M. Giffari, Moh. Arif Mahbub, Moch. Imam Machfudi

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

In recent years, technology has played a crucial role in human life including education sector. The integration of artificial intelligence to the education sectors is an output of technology development. This study investigates the English foreign language college teachers’ experience in implementing the artificial intelligence based digital assistant called Google Voice Assistant (GVA). GVA was one of the types of digital assistant that was provide and dominantly used in Indonesia. This study seeks to an exploring of how collage teacher integrating the Google Voice Assistant in English foreign language classroom, especially for university students. This narrative study employs a semi- …


Review Of Doors In The Air: C. S. Lewis And The Imaginative World, Brenton Dickieson Apr 2023

Review Of Doors In The Air: C. S. Lewis And The Imaginative World, Brenton Dickieson

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

Review of Anna Slack, ed., Doors in the Air: C. S. Lewis and the Imaginative World (Vitoria, Spain, 2010). 258 pages. $16.11. ISBN: 9788493836054.


Review Of The Ideal Of Kingship In The Writings Of Charles Williams, C. S. Lewis And J. R. R. Tolkien, Holly Ordway Apr 2023

Review Of The Ideal Of Kingship In The Writings Of Charles Williams, C. S. Lewis And J. R. R. Tolkien, Holly Ordway

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

Review of Christopher Scarf, The Ideal of Kingship in the Writings of Charles Williams, C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien (Cambridge, England, 2013). 202 pages. $50.00. ISBN: 9780227174012.


Music & Synesthesia: An Exploration Of Synesthesia And Its Relation To Musical Perception, Raquel S. Johnson Apr 2023

Music & Synesthesia: An Exploration Of Synesthesia And Its Relation To Musical Perception, Raquel S. Johnson

Pacific Undergraduate Research and Creativity Conference (PURCC)

This research investigates synesthesia and its impact on musical perception. Synesthesia is the multimodal sensory phenomenon in which the stimulation of one sensory modality generates the experience of a second, otherwise unrelated sense. Discussed topics include: a description of synesthesia and its neurophysiological and perceptual characteristics, the historical conceptualization and documentation of synesthesia beginning with the ancient Greeks, and present-day scientific inquiry. This research explores three varying types of auditory synesthesia - chromesthesia (sound-to-color synesthesia), auditory-tactile synesthesia, and sound-gustatory/sound-olfactory synesthesia - and their multimodal sensory characteristics in relation to music. Prominent neurophysiological hypotheses regarding the existence of synesthesia are examined, …


Unity Power Factor Operation In Microgrid Applications Using Fuzzy Type 2 Nested Controllers, Ehab Bayoumi Apr 2023

Unity Power Factor Operation In Microgrid Applications Using Fuzzy Type 2 Nested Controllers, Ehab Bayoumi

Mechanical Engineering

The issue of low-power factor operation microgrids was reported for several layouts. Although numerous power factor improvement strategies have been applied and tested, various concerns remain to be addressed such as transient performance, simplicity of implementation, and satisfying the power-quality standards. The presented research aimed to design and implement controllers that can improve the transient response of microgrids due to changes in the load demand and achieve a near-unity power factor at the AC grid side, to which the DC microgrid is connected. Due to the nonlinear nature of microgrids, as they rely on power electronics converters, a Fuzzy type …


Neutrosophic Mcdm Methodology For Evaluation Onshore Wind For Electricity Generation And Sustainability Ecological, Karam M. Sallam, Ali Wagdy Mohamed Apr 2023

Neutrosophic Mcdm Methodology For Evaluation Onshore Wind For Electricity Generation And Sustainability Ecological, Karam M. Sallam, Ali Wagdy Mohamed

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

The conviction in the necessity of renewable energy has been prompted by both the constantly increasing need for power production and the ecological issues of recent years. When it comes to generating power in a sustainable manner, wind is among the most essential renewable energy sources. This research attempts to present a structural technique for assessing the performance of operational onshore wind facilities with respect to the three dimensions of sustainability. The energy production, environmental effect, and practicability of onshore wind facilities are all dependent on accurate assessments. Wind resources, site accessibility, environmental impact, permitting and regulatory requirements, turbine technology, …


Modeling And Adjustment Of A Fuzzy Controller In A Bioreactor Control System, Mahmudov Giyosjon Baqoyevich Apr 2023

Modeling And Adjustment Of A Fuzzy Controller In A Bioreactor Control System, Mahmudov Giyosjon Baqoyevich

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The article describes the modeling and configuration of a fuzzy controller for the control system of the bacterial oxidation of hard-to-enrich gold-bearing sulfide ores. The simulated logical fuzzy controller allows you to save the consumption of refrigerant water consumed in the process by 4,3%, using it to control the process of bacterial oxidation.


An Interactive Website Based On The “Systemic Approach” To Develop Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills In Students Of Sixth Grade In Primary School In Jordan, S. Alkhatatneh Apr 2023

An Interactive Website Based On The “Systemic Approach” To Develop Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills In Students Of Sixth Grade In Primary School In Jordan, S. Alkhatatneh

Information Sciences Letters

This study examines how a systemic, interactive website promotes mathematical problem-solving skills" in sixth graders. The study included sixth graders in the second semester of the 2021/2022 academic year, and the Directorate of Education in Aqaba Governorate reported 1234 students. For the study, 60 female sixth graders (0.20%) were selected from "Al-Ashira Al-Sanawiyah Al-Mukhtalita" school in Aqaba Governorate, Jordan. The students were randomly divided into two groups: (1) the experimental group, comprising 30 students who learned using the interactive website based on the systemic approach, and (2) the control group, comprising 30 students who learned to use the usual method. …


Combating Administrative Corruption And Its Role In Achieving Sustainable Development In Light Of The Kingdoms Vision 2030, E. F. M. Hindawy Apr 2023

Combating Administrative Corruption And Its Role In Achieving Sustainable Development In Light Of The Kingdoms Vision 2030, E. F. M. Hindawy

Information Sciences Letters

Administrative corruption hinders progress in many fields, including sustainable development. Through anti- corruption measures and national reform in light of the Kingdoms Vision 2030, the file of combating corruption, especially administrative corruption, saw real progress in the Kingdom. The anti-corruption program confirms the Kingdoms determination to fight corruption in all forms, so the importance of this study in shedding light on these efforts and highlighting its role in achieving sustainable development in all sectors and light of the Kingdoms Vision 2030 and the consequent progress. The Kingdoms ranking in Transparency Internationals Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) climbed from 57th in 2017 …


Unveiling The Emotional And Psychological States Of Instagram Users: A Deep Learning Approach To Mental Health Analysis, Muhammad K. Alabdly Apr 2023

Unveiling The Emotional And Psychological States Of Instagram Users: A Deep Learning Approach To Mental Health Analysis, Muhammad K. Alabdly

Information Sciences Letters

People can now communicate with others who have common tastes to them and engage in conversation together while furthermore exchanging ideas, photos, and clips that convey their emotional states due to social media’s technology. As a consequence, there is an opportunity to investigate person sentiments and thoughts in social networking sites data in order to understand their viewpoints and sentiments when utilizing these digital platforms for interaction. Utilizing social network data to diagnose depression has gained extensive acceptance, there is still a number of unidentified characteristics. Due to its potential to shed light on the forecasting model, model complexity is …


Visitors Of The Holy Mosque In Makkah: Between Influence And Impact In The Mamluk Era From 648 To 923 Ah (1250 To 1517 Ad), F. M. H. Mobaraki Apr 2023

Visitors Of The Holy Mosque In Makkah: Between Influence And Impact In The Mamluk Era From 648 To 923 Ah (1250 To 1517 Ad), F. M. H. Mobaraki

Information Sciences Letters

The Holy Mosque in Makkah is one of the most significant landmarks for Muslims around the world, attracting millions of visitors every year. This research aims to investigate the impact of the neighbors of the Holy Mosque on the general conditions of Makkah during the Mamluk era. The study focuses on the scientific and cultural impact, economic recovery, assistance provided, and support during crises of the Holy Mosques neighbors. The research methodology involves examining historical sources that address the topic of neighborhood" during the Mamluk era. The Mamluk era is an essential period in the history of Makkah, characterized by …


Universities’ Role In Developing Vocational Education In Jordan, Lafie Saleh Aqil Al-Makhariz, Khawla Mahmoud Nahar Alalwneh, Emad Tariq, Nidaa Muhammed Fawzi Izhiman Apr 2023

Universities’ Role In Developing Vocational Education In Jordan, Lafie Saleh Aqil Al-Makhariz, Khawla Mahmoud Nahar Alalwneh, Emad Tariq, Nidaa Muhammed Fawzi Izhiman

Information Sciences Letters

This study examined the role of universities in developing vocational education and transforming TVET in developing workforce towards globalization. To achieve the objectives of the study, a scale of the role of universities in developing vocational education was developed. The study population consisted of all faculty members at Al-Balqa Applied University who were (1400) faculty members. The study sample consisted of (50) members of the teaching staff who teach vocational courses who were selected randomly. The results of the study showed that the role of universities in developing vocational education came to a medium degree. Considering these results, the study …


A Business Analytics Approach To Strategic Management Using Uncovering Corporate Challenges Through Topic Modeling, A. Y. Nasereddin Apr 2023

A Business Analytics Approach To Strategic Management Using Uncovering Corporate Challenges Through Topic Modeling, A. Y. Nasereddin

Information Sciences Letters

Business analytics is a robust strategic management tool, and topic modeling is a technique that can be leveraged to derive insights from vast collections of unstructured data. Topic modeling is an automated method that identifies abstract concepts, or topics," present in various data sources, such as customer feedback, social media posts, and news articles. Through topic modeling, organizations can gain a better understanding of their customers, competitors, and market trends, which can be used to make informed strategic decisions, such as identifying new business opportunities, enhancing product or service offerings, and recognizing potential risks. Moreover, by integrating topic modeling with …


The Level Of Awareness Of Female Teachers Of Students With Learning Disabilities With The Concepts Of Sustainable Development And Their Application In Elementary Schools, M. A. Alahmadi, M. F. Alnaim Apr 2023

The Level Of Awareness Of Female Teachers Of Students With Learning Disabilities With The Concepts Of Sustainable Development And Their Application In Elementary Schools, M. A. Alahmadi, M. F. Alnaim

Information Sciences Letters

The current study aimed to identify the level of familiarity of teachers with learning disabilities with the concepts of sustainable development and their application in the elementary schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Learning disabilities in the concepts of sustainable development, and the second dimension is their application of these concepts in the primary stage, and the psychometric properties of validity and stability were verified, and the study sample consisted of (100) female teachers. The results found that there were no differences in the teachers’ knowledge of the concepts of sustainable development and their application in the primary stage …


Impact Of A Distance Training Programme On The Development Of Teaching & Training Design Skills For Faculty Members, A. M. Alqoot Apr 2023

Impact Of A Distance Training Programme On The Development Of Teaching & Training Design Skills For Faculty Members, A. M. Alqoot

Information Sciences Letters

The study aimed to reveal the effectiveness of a distance training programme (DTP) to develop the training and educational design skills of a sample of faculty members. A total of (25) members of the pilot sample were taught by Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University. To achieve the objective of the study, the design of a distance training programme was conceived according to the General Design Educational Model (ADDIE) via the Zoom online platform to develop skills in educational and training design (ETD) skills. Actually, two tools have been developed, a tool that measures the knowledge aspect of educational content and …


Children’S Use Of Screens: Analytical And Critical Reading In The Light Of Scientific Theories On Communication Practices, S. B. Ghazouani Apr 2023

Children’S Use Of Screens: Analytical And Critical Reading In The Light Of Scientific Theories On Communication Practices, S. B. Ghazouani

Information Sciences Letters

Our research aimed to study childrens relationship with screens through an analytical and critical reading of their use of screens by going back to the latest scientific theories about communication and media activities and practices in general, and the theory of 3- 6- 9- 12 in particular .Which was developed in 2007 by a French researcher named Serge Tisseron a psychology doctor and a researcher at the University of Paris. He specializes in studying children’s relationship with the media and the role of the environment, i.e. the family and the school, in shaping this relationship and adopting the method and …


The Effect Of Using Concept Maps And Brainstorming Strategies To Develop Creative Thinking Skills Among Students Of Islamic Culture At Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, A. A. Al-Khattab, B. S. Al-Mawajdeh, M. H. Talhouni, A. S. Al-Marayeah Apr 2023

The Effect Of Using Concept Maps And Brainstorming Strategies To Develop Creative Thinking Skills Among Students Of Islamic Culture At Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, A. A. Al-Khattab, B. S. Al-Mawajdeh, M. H. Talhouni, A. S. Al-Marayeah

Information Sciences Letters

This study aims at determining the effect of using concept maps and brainstorming strategies to develop creative thinking skills among students of Islamic culture at Al-Hussein Bin Talal University. To achieve this, the research adopted the quasi-experimental method to reach the final results. The study population consisted of (477) male and female students who studied the Islamic Culture at Al-Hussein Bin Talal University for the academic year 2021/2022. An intentional sample of (130) male and female students who study the subject in the second semester was selected. The researchers prepared two scientific tools for the educational topic, the first was …


Evaluation Of Business English Competencies In The Light Of Job Market Requirements, Mohammad Alqatawna, Rommel Al-Ali Apr 2023

Evaluation Of Business English Competencies In The Light Of Job Market Requirements, Mohammad Alqatawna, Rommel Al-Ali

Information Sciences Letters

English is known as the most widely used language in the world in the fields of commerce and marketing, as this flexible and comprehensive language is used in various fields of business and the global market. In general, English was the first undisputed language in the field of modern work. Hence, learning Business English has become one of the most important requirements for international companies and institutions. To ensure the availability of business English language competencies among students of the business administration, this study aims to evaluate the competencies of Business English, by designing a questionnaire to measure the learning …


Tweeting By Saudi Efl Learners: A Study Of English In Use At Qassim University, Bandar Saleh Aljafen Apr 2023

Tweeting By Saudi Efl Learners: A Study Of English In Use At Qassim University, Bandar Saleh Aljafen

Information Sciences Letters

Language use patterns in electronic messaging have the potential to reveal much about the vocabulary corpus, syntax, and general proficiency of non-native users. This is of relevance to teachers as learners’ academic performance and success is dependent on English language proficiency, especially in higher education. Using a mixed methods approach, this study examines the English language use characteristics evident in the morphosyntactic and paralinguistic features such as clipping, neologisms, language deformation in a corpus of text messages totalling 3600 words from class conversations of 68 EFL undergraduate students at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. Patterns of Twitter messaging (named Twitterese in …


The Effect Of Social Isolation On The Mental Health Of International Students, M. K. Alshammari, M. H. Othman, Y. O. Mydin, B. A. Mohammed Apr 2023

The Effect Of Social Isolation On The Mental Health Of International Students, M. K. Alshammari, M. H. Othman, Y. O. Mydin, B. A. Mohammed

Information Sciences Letters

This paper looks into how social isolation affects international college students mental health. An increase in international students studying at colleges and universities abroad can be attributed to increased global mobility over the previous few decades. Because of this, these students struggle in certain ways to fit into their new academic and social surroundings. Among these difficulties, social isolation among overseas students has been recognized as a major issue. This essay will investigate how social isolation affects the mental health of international college students by drawing on existing studies. The various types of social isolation will be covered in the …


Artificial Intelligence Chatbots: A Survey Of Classical Versus Deep Machine Learning Techniques, Bayan A. Alazzam, Manar Alkhatib, Khaled Shaalan Apr 2023

Artificial Intelligence Chatbots: A Survey Of Classical Versus Deep Machine Learning Techniques, Bayan A. Alazzam, Manar Alkhatib, Khaled Shaalan

Information Sciences Letters

Artificial Intelligence (AI) enables machines to be intelligent, most importantly using Machine Learning (ML) in which machines are trained to be able to make better decisions and predictions. In particular, ML-based chatbot systems have been developed to simulate chats with people using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. The adoption of chatbots has increased rapidly in many sectors, including, Education, Health Care, Cultural Heritage, Supporting Systems and Marketing, and Entertainment. Chatbots have the potential to improve human interaction with machines, and NLP helps them understand human language more clearly and thus create proper and intelligent responses. In addition to classical ML …


Primary School Teachers Of Social Science, Islamic Studies, And Arabic Language: A Study Of Attitudes Of Nnest, K. A. Alwehebi Apr 2023

Primary School Teachers Of Social Science, Islamic Studies, And Arabic Language: A Study Of Attitudes Of Nnest, K. A. Alwehebi

Information Sciences Letters

Quality assurance and achievement of objectives has necessitated inquiry into how Non-native English- speaking teachers (NNEST) with different subject specializations are influenced in terms of quality of program design, achievement of program objectives, teaching materials and methods, and English diploma program instructors’ ability. Thus, this study analyzes the attitudes of social studies, Islamic, and Arabic primary school teachers towards the English diploma program. Data are collected through a self-report questionnaire comprising 36 close-ended and 10 open-ended questions administered via Google forms. The study sample included 106 NNEST (an equal number of males and females) who completed the diploma programs. Using …


Developing An Esp-Based Language Learning Environment To Help Students Improve Critical Thinking Skills In Written Output, A. Hassan, M. Alawawda, F. Alzahrani, N. Naz Apr 2023

Developing An Esp-Based Language Learning Environment To Help Students Improve Critical Thinking Skills In Written Output, A. Hassan, M. Alawawda, F. Alzahrani, N. Naz

Information Sciences Letters

In recent years, as a result of both research discoveries in the fields of foreign language acquisition and learning, the concept of teaching and learning has undergone a significant transformation. English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is a learner-centered approach to teaching English as a foreign language that emphasizes developing communicative proficiency in niche industries such agronomy, commerce, academia, accountancy, education, engineering, and information technology. This concept of English-for-Teaching" as a restricted form of ESP for the classroom builds on the knowledge that instructors already have about teaching while also introducing and validating specific classroom terminology. When students interact and cooperate …