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Representasi Cancel Culture Di Korea Selatan Dalam Film Pilot (2024), Sharfina Rahmanita Adani, Amelia Burhan Jul 2025

Representasi Cancel Culture Di Korea Selatan Dalam Film Pilot (2024), Sharfina Rahmanita Adani, Amelia Burhan

Multikultura

Cancel culture is a social phenomenon that occurs when an individual receives public backlash due to actions or statements considered to violate social norms. This phenomenon has become increasingly prominent in South Korea, attracting attention in its highly collective and responsive digital society, which has led to its portrayal in various media works. One such work is the film Pilot (2024), which tells the story of a famous pilot's reputation falling after a gender-biased comment of his spread widely online and drew public scrutiny. This study aims to analyze the representation of cancel culture in the film Pilot (2024) using …


Representasi Stratifikasi Sosial Dalam Film Zoete Dromen (2023) Karya Ena Sendijarevic, Najla Maharani, Barbara Elisabeth Lucia Pesulima Jul 2025

Representasi Stratifikasi Sosial Dalam Film Zoete Dromen (2023) Karya Ena Sendijarevic, Najla Maharani, Barbara Elisabeth Lucia Pesulima

Multikultura

Film is a form of visual art that can shape public perceptions of various aspects of life, including social and cultural issues. One of the recurring themes in film is colonialism, which often represents issues such as racism and social stratification. These themes are reflected in the film Zoete Dromen (2023), directed by Ena Sendijarević, with a runtime of 1 hour and 42 minutes. The film narrates a conflict over inheritance within a sugar plantation-owning family, in which the entire estate is left to a child born from a relationship with a concubine. The research problem addressed in this study …


Kuliner Sebagai Representasi Identitas Diaspora Korea Di Amerika Serikat: Studi Kasus Juru Masak Edward Lee, Jasmine Anindita Radianti, Zaini Zaini Jul 2025

Kuliner Sebagai Representasi Identitas Diaspora Korea Di Amerika Serikat: Studi Kasus Juru Masak Edward Lee, Jasmine Anindita Radianti, Zaini Zaini

Multikultura

In recent years, the popularity of Korean cuisine has experienced a significant increase, in parallel with the growing influence of the Korean Wave (hallyu) across various countries. Beyond this cultural phenomenon, Korean diaspora communities have also played a crucial role in promoting Korean cuisine on a global scale. This study aims to analyze the representation of Korean-American diaspora identity through a case study of culinary presentation innovations by chef Edward Lee in the reality show Culinary Class Wars. The research adopts a descriptive qualitative method. The findings indicate that Edward Lee’s diasporic identity is represented through the …


Studium Punctum: Politik Citra Putin Dalam Foto Саммит Стран Брикс 2024 / Sammit Stran Briks (Ktt Brics 2024), Dyah Hayu Permatasari Wahyuningsih, Banggas Limbong Jul 2025

Studium Punctum: Politik Citra Putin Dalam Foto Саммит Стран Брикс 2024 / Sammit Stran Briks (Ktt Brics 2024), Dyah Hayu Permatasari Wahyuningsih, Banggas Limbong

Multikultura

This research takes a data corpus in the form of visuals provided by five Russian digital news channels with a focus on the image of Vladimir Putin as the leader of Russia at the BRICS Summit congress in Kazan in 2024. The author will analyze five online news channels from Russia published between October 23, 2024 and October 25, 2024 with headlines related to the 16th BRICS Summit in Kazan. The method used in this research is a descriptive analysis method. Through this research, the author will explain the meaning contained in the visualization of these online news as a …


Pemasaran Lintas Budaya Melalui Iklan Produk Makanan Indonesia Di Negara-Negara Arab, Dhannya Febryana Jul 2025

Pemasaran Lintas Budaya Melalui Iklan Produk Makanan Indonesia Di Negara-Negara Arab, Dhannya Febryana

Multikultura

This paper analyzes the media discourse surrounding advertisements for Indonesian food products, such as the instant noodle brand Indomie, in Arab countries. The expansion of Indonesian food products in international markets, including in Arab nations, is largely driven by effective and culturally adaptive marketing strategies. This study focuses on the analysis of television commercials and advertising posters, aiming to uncover how linguistic, semiotic, and sociocultural elements are employed to construct persuasive advertising messages. The method used is discourse analysis, with data comprising transcripts of television advertisements and visual elements from promotional posters. The advertising strategies of these products seek …


Alasan, Fungsi Dan Penilaian Penggunaan Straattal Pada Episode Pertama De Tatta’S (2024), Rusmasiela Mewipiana Presilla, Andrea Pradsna Paramita Djarwo Jul 2025

Alasan, Fungsi Dan Penilaian Penggunaan Straattal Pada Episode Pertama De Tatta’S (2024), Rusmasiela Mewipiana Presilla, Andrea Pradsna Paramita Djarwo

Multikultura

This study examines the use of straattaal vocabulary in the television series De Tatta’s (2024), along with language attitudes and linguistic accommodation among youth in the Randstad region of the Netherlands. Straattaal is a form of street language that has developed within the Netherlands’ multicultural urban environments and is primarily used by young people as a means of social expression and identity. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method, combining dialogue analysis from the first episode of De Tatta’s with data collected through questionnaires distributed to respondents residing in the Netherlands. The analysis is based on Leech’s (1981) theory of …


Stasiun Kereta Api Bogor, Jawa Barat Abad Ke-19 Hingga Ke-20: Kajian Arkeologi Industri, Rakan Amir Ilham, Isman Pratama Nasution Jul 2025

Stasiun Kereta Api Bogor, Jawa Barat Abad Ke-19 Hingga Ke-20: Kajian Arkeologi Industri, Rakan Amir Ilham, Isman Pratama Nasution

Multikultura

Bogor railway station is a railway building in the city of Bogor that has played a role in community activities since the 19th century. This research uses an industrial archaeology approach in reconstructing social and economic activities as well as the development of railway technology and operations. This research was conducted through seven stages, namely formulation, implementation, data collection, data processing, data analysis, data interpretation, and publication. This research produced an overview of railway activities such as the development of locomotive types, the division of social classes at the station, as well as the political, tourism, and economic influences of …


Lanskap Linguistik Di Taman Literasi Martha Christina Tiahahu, Jakarta Selatan, Suryani Indrastuti, Sri Munawarah Jul 2025

Lanskap Linguistik Di Taman Literasi Martha Christina Tiahahu, Jakarta Selatan, Suryani Indrastuti, Sri Munawarah

Multikultura

Taman Literasi Martha Christina Tiahahu (TLMCT) is a tourist attraction located in South Jakarta that has been established since 1948. As a tourist attraction, TLMCT has signages and facility markers to facilitate visitors to find and utilize the facilities at the park. Those signs use code preference, inscription, and emplacement to maximize the information delivery. The formulation of the problem in this research is how the code preference, inscription, and emplacement of linguistic landscape (LL) at TLMCT. This research aims to explain the code preference, inscription, and emplacement of LL at TLMCT. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used in this …


Multimodal Poster Kampanye Antirokok Stivoro Dalam Upaya Mengurangi Prevalensi Merokok Di Belanda, Aurellia Virgie Andjani, Triaswarin Sutanarihesti Jul 2025

Multimodal Poster Kampanye Antirokok Stivoro Dalam Upaya Mengurangi Prevalensi Merokok Di Belanda, Aurellia Virgie Andjani, Triaswarin Sutanarihesti

Multikultura

This study examines the multimodal elements in the campaigns of STIVORO (Stichting Volksgezondheid en Roken), the Netherlands' first national organization dedicated specifically to tobacco control. The objective of this research is to analyze and describe the roles of visual and verbal elements in STIVORO’s campaigns in conveying anti-smoking messages to the Dutch public. This research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach and applies the theory of multimodality developed by Kress and van Leeuwen (2006). The research objects consist of eight posters, classified based on their target audience: active smokers and passive smokers. The findings reveal that visual and verbal …


Tubuh Sebagai Subyek Dalam Dunia: Kajian Atas Skema Tubuh Dan Intensionalitas Motorik Menurut Merleau-Ponty, Antonius Puspo Kuntjoro Jul 2025

Tubuh Sebagai Subyek Dalam Dunia: Kajian Atas Skema Tubuh Dan Intensionalitas Motorik Menurut Merleau-Ponty, Antonius Puspo Kuntjoro

Multikultura

This article explores Maurice Merleau-Ponty's thought on the role of the body in shaping human experience, focusing on two key concepts: body schema and motor intentionality. Contrasting with the dualistic approach of modern Western philosophy that separates body and consciousness, Merleau-Ponty asserts that the body is not merely an object but an active subject in the world. The body schema is understood as a dynamic and pre-reflective structure that enables individuals to perceive the position and movement of their bodies within a situational space. Motor intentionality, as illustrated through the case of Schneider, shows that the body has the capacity …


Response Of Ornamental Plants To Salinity: Impact On Species-Specific Growth, Visual Quality, Photosynthetic Parameters, And Ion Uptake, Zirui Wang, Shital Poudyal, Kelly Kopp, Yunhua Zhang Jul 2025

Response Of Ornamental Plants To Salinity: Impact On Species-Specific Growth, Visual Quality, Photosynthetic Parameters, And Ion Uptake, Zirui Wang, Shital Poudyal, Kelly Kopp, Yunhua Zhang

Plants, Soils and Climate Student Research

Ornamental horticulture provides substantial economic and environmental benefits, generating billions in annual sales and contributing to urban greening. However, the increasing scarcity of freshwater resources necessitates the use of alternative irrigation sources, such as reclaimed water. Reclaimed water typically contains elevated salt levels that can induce salt stress. Salt stress adversely affects multiple plant traits. Aesthetic quality declines, manifesting as leaf tip burns, discoloration, and necrosis, reducing landscape value and commercial appeal. Growth performance, including biomass production, plant height, and leaf expansion, is limited by osmotic stress, ion toxicity, and nutrient imbalances. Salinity also reduces chlorophyll content, leading to lower …


Health Patterns Of Dementia Caregivers With Chronic Pain: Latent Profile Analysis Of The Promis-29 Measure, Shelbie G. Turner, Dakota D. Witzel, Shana Garza, Karl Pillemer, M Carrington Reid Jul 2025

Health Patterns Of Dementia Caregivers With Chronic Pain: Latent Profile Analysis Of The Promis-29 Measure, Shelbie G. Turner, Dakota D. Witzel, Shana Garza, Karl Pillemer, M Carrington Reid

Human Genetics Publications

We identified patterns of health and functioning in a national sample of dementia family caregivers experiencing chronic pain (N = 273). Utilizing latent profile analysis of the 29-item Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS-29), we identified three discrete groups: an average group (48%), a low health challenges group (30%), and a high health challenges group (22%). Women were more likely to be in the high (vs. low) health challenges group. There are discrete health patterns of caregivers with chronic pain, with over 20% reporting comorbid poor health and functioning that may negatively affect caregiving quality. Screening caregivers for high …


A Novel, Metal-Based Approach To Identify Residences With Lead Service Lines, Danielle Land, Grant D. Brown, David M. Cwiertny, Marc A. Edwards, Mona Hanna, Drew E. Latta, Michelle M. Scherer Jul 2025

A Novel, Metal-Based Approach To Identify Residences With Lead Service Lines, Danielle Land, Grant D. Brown, David M. Cwiertny, Marc A. Edwards, Mona Hanna, Drew E. Latta, Michelle M. Scherer

Michigan Tech Publications

There is an urgent need for rapid, cost-effective approaches to identify residences with lead service lines (LSLs). We evaluated whether analyzing water for corrosion-related metals could accurately identify residences with LSLs without relying on potentially inaccurate property records. We applied principal component analysis logistic regression (PCA-LR) and classification tree models using 28 analytes per bottle (including Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Al, and others) measured in 216 water samples collected in Flint, Michigan, in August 2015. The PCA-LR model achieved 87% accuracy (AUROC = 0.93) with 81% sensitivity and 90% specificity, while the classification tree model achieved 80% accuracy (AUROC = …


A Workplace Posture Initiative To Reduce Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders, Carrie Isaac Jul 2025

A Workplace Posture Initiative To Reduce Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders, Carrie Isaac

All Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Scholarly Projects

Problem: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are a leading cause of occupational injury and discomfort in industrial workplaces. Although an ergonomic program existed at the project site, a formalized process to detect postural misalignments early had not been established. Relying on employee self-reporting, delayed intervention, and limited opportunities to prevent injuries before they progress.

Aim of the Project: A proactive posture screening program using PostureScreen® was implemented to identify postural deviations that could contribute to WRMSDs. Emphasis was placed on supporting employees through early awareness of posture-related issues and evaluation of alignment improvements following individualized intervention.

Review of the Evidence: Evidence …


The Effects Of An Undergraduate Peer Mentoring Program On Belonging And Success, Alexa Darracq Jul 2025

The Effects Of An Undergraduate Peer Mentoring Program On Belonging And Success, Alexa Darracq

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine if participation in an undergraduate peer mentoring program led to increased feelings of belonging and success compared to students who have never received BYU ComD peer mentoring. Outcomes were measured using pre- and post-experiment surveys and focus groups. This study had ten participants in the experimental group and 12 participants in the control group with seven participants from the experimental group who participated in the focus groups. Analysis of the results determined there were three key findings from the study: mentees benefited from the peer mentoring program, students signed up to receive …


School Leadership Preparation Program Redesign: Purpose, Process, And Perspective, Rebecca L. Gerber Jul 2025

School Leadership Preparation Program Redesign: Purpose, Process, And Perspective, Rebecca L. Gerber

Theses and Dissertations

This paper reviews a collaborative effort between Brigham Young University's Educational Leadership and Foundations (EDLF) department and five school districts to redesign the School Leadership Preparation Program. The initiative aimed to bridge gaps between the practical needs of schools and the offerings of the university. A qualitative case study was conducted, focusing on three key groups: EDLF faculty, school district leaders involved in the redesign committee, and recent graduates of the updated program. Through detailed interviews, valuable insights were gathered into participants' experiences and perceptions concerning six major commitments of the newly designed program. This approach provided insights about the …


Social Justice & Advocacy In Human Services, Cailyn F. Green, Bernadet Dejonge, Nikki Golden, Kim Brayton, Carrie Steinman, Shannon Raybold Jul 2025

Social Justice & Advocacy In Human Services, Cailyn F. Green, Bernadet Dejonge, Nikki Golden, Kim Brayton, Carrie Steinman, Shannon Raybold

Milne Open Textbooks

Read this book online at: https://milnepublishing.geneseo.edu/social-justice-in-human-services/

Social Justice & Advocacy in Human Services delves into the complex realm of social justice, offering a deep dive into historical roots and theories to practical applications in the field. This text covers fundamental concepts, including power, privilege, and oppression, and explores critical issues like racism, gender, sexuality, poverty, religion, and disability in the context of the United States. The last section of the book hones in on the field of human services, discussing power, privilege, and bias in this context, and lastly exploring equitable distribution, human rights, and the systems and entry points …


An Analysis Of Vertical Deformation On Cianjur Earthquake 2022, Candra Perkasa Nurlukman, Adi Wibowo Jul 2025

An Analysis Of Vertical Deformation On Cianjur Earthquake 2022, Candra Perkasa Nurlukman, Adi Wibowo

Jurnal Geografi Lingkungan Tropik (Journal of Geography of Tropical Environments)

A shallow crustal-type earthquake on a surface fault occurred on November 21, 2022, in Cianjur, West Java. This destructive earthquake resulted in a loss of life, many houses were damaged, and landslides at several points. So, the research was analyzed using the DInSAR method to see the deformation and its relationship with the existing conditions in the field. We get the result of a vertical subsidence in the earthquake area of up to 101 millimeters. Through the distribution of displacement results, we found no overlapping faults at that location, identifying the formation of a new fault. In the distribution area …


Postpartum Experiences Of Arab Women And The Educational Role Of The Mother, Diana Ikki Jul 2025

Postpartum Experiences Of Arab Women And The Educational Role Of The Mother, Diana Ikki

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Women in the Arab world traditionally observe a 40-day postpartum rest period, during which they rest, follow specific rituals, and learn to care for their newborn under the guidance and care of a family matriarch, typically their mother. Despite the prevalence of this practice, there is limited empirical research exploring the educational role of Arab mothers during their daughters' postpartum period; this qualitative study addressed this gap. Foundational to this study’s theoretical framework was Ramona Mercer’s theory of maternal role attainment. The study addressed two research questions: how Arab women describe their postpartum experiences and the educational role their mothers …


Humans Rule? Implications Of Religious Undergraduates’ Changing Environmental Perceptions, J. Robert Nielson Jul 2025

Humans Rule? Implications Of Religious Undergraduates’ Changing Environmental Perceptions, J. Robert Nielson

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Addressing climate change requires correctly appraising one’s ethic toward the Earth. Historically, people have navigated their relationship to the natural world via environmental ethics of both religious and secular origin. Aldo Leopold described developing this relationship via the land ethic, a culturally informed process, as “an evolutionary possibility and an ecological necessity.” A land ethic provides a reference point from which individuals and societies make decisions about the Earth and its resources. This thesis considers the evolving land ethic of a young population of conservative Christian students at Brigham Young University with two separate cohorts of non-biology major undergraduates enrolled …


Tindak Tutur Mengkritik Dalam Serial Bahasa Arab Crashing Eid /Jāyibatu Al-‘Īdi/, Childa Nurhannah, Wiwin Triwinarti Jul 2025

Tindak Tutur Mengkritik Dalam Serial Bahasa Arab Crashing Eid /Jāyibatu Al-‘Īdi/, Childa Nurhannah, Wiwin Triwinarti

Multikultura

The speech act of criticizing is a statement that contains assessment, expression, and emotion towards the behavior and words of the speech partner or the object of criticism. The data corpus studied in this research is the speech act of criticizing in the Arabic series from Saudi Arabia جايبة العيد or Crashing Eid which aired on Netflix in 2023. This descriptive qualitative research data is processed with free listening and note-taking techniques. This study aims to analyze the form of criticizing speech acts in the Hijazi dialect of Arabic contained in the series and classify criticizing speech acts with direct …


Penerapan Hormat Circulaire 1904 Dalam Pandangan Surat Kabar Di Hindia-Belanda (1904-1906), Karen Qursyah, R Achmad Sunjayadi Jul 2025

Penerapan Hormat Circulaire 1904 Dalam Pandangan Surat Kabar Di Hindia-Belanda (1904-1906), Karen Qursyah, R Achmad Sunjayadi

Multikultura

This study examines the use of straattaal vocabulary in the television series De Tatta’s (2024), along with language attitudes and linguistic accommodation among youth in the Randstad region of the Netherlands. Straattaal is a form of street language that has developed within the Netherlands’ multicultural urban environments and is primarily used by young people as a means of social expression and identity. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method, combining dialogue analysis from the first episode of De Tatta’s with data collected through questionnaires distributed to respondents residing in the Netherlands. The analysis is based on Leech’s (1981) theory of …


Ilusi Kemiskinan Dan Hiperrealitas Dalam Film Pourris Gâtés (2021), Felisya Dara Safitri, Azkiya Nisa Jul 2025

Ilusi Kemiskinan Dan Hiperrealitas Dalam Film Pourris Gâtés (2021), Felisya Dara Safitri, Azkiya Nisa

Multikultura

This study examines the representation of the bourgeois class in the film Pourris Gâtés (2021) by Nicolas Cuche through the theoretical lens of Jean Baudrillard’s concept of hyperreality and Fredric Jameson’s notion of pastiche. The research problem focuses on how Pourris Gâtés depicts the simulated social transformation of the bourgeois class through the illusion of consumerism and hyperreality. The study employs film discourse analysis using both narrative and visual approaches, grounded in media ideology theory, hyperreality, and the consumption of signs. The findings indicate that the main characters undergo a symbolic transformation rather than a structural change. Their identities are …


Examining Merger Wave Activity In Periods Of Heightened Commodity Price Volatility And Trading Volume, Cole T. Grizzell Jul 2025

Examining Merger Wave Activity In Periods Of Heightened Commodity Price Volatility And Trading Volume, Cole T. Grizzell

Undergraduate Honors Theses

This thesis investigates the relationship between commodity market conditions, macroeconomic forces, and M&A activity in the U.S. energy sector. Using a combination of Bloomberg futures data from 2016–2025, and equity performance data for acquisitive firms and broader sector and market index ETFs, I identify “potential merger wave” periods—characterized by elevated price volatility and trading volume—and examine their connection to transaction frequency and postdeal performance. I find that M&A activity tends to spike in or shortly after these waves, with acquisitive firms earning stronger short-term returns when announcing deals during such periods, but stronger 1-year returns when deals are announced outside …


The Tulong Dunong Program: A Literature Review Addressing Challenges In Supporting Filipino Students, Dolly P. Maroma, Allen N. Maroma Jul 2025

The Tulong Dunong Program: A Literature Review Addressing Challenges In Supporting Filipino Students, Dolly P. Maroma, Allen N. Maroma

ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement

This article evaluates the opportunities and challenges of the Tulong Dunong Program (TDP), a government-sponsored program that seeks to provide access to education for disadvantaged Filipino learners in the Philippines. The research tackles contextual literature, from international to local, on how far TDP has expanded education access, an offshoot of which has decreased the dropout rate and increased socio-economic mobility. This research employs a systematic literature review to analyze the impact and challenges of the TDP of the Philippines. The dominant thematic categories that emerged were the positive effect of financial assistance on performance and retention, the importance of financial …


Women Empowerment Through Food Production Project In A Peri-Urban Landscape, Riyanto Adji Jul 2025

Women Empowerment Through Food Production Project In A Peri-Urban Landscape, Riyanto Adji

ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement

The paper discusses a community project related to local food production by a group of women in an idle peri-urban landscape. Instead of positioning women solely as homemakers within the house, this project views them as active participants of a peri- urban community. On the other hand, the availability of idle land in the peri-urban context can be utilized, allowing it to be transformed into an active space for growing food. Responding to the idea, a community project was conducted with a group of women farmers in a housing complex situated near the Bubulak Village, Bogor, Indonesia. They utilized an …


Russia And The War In Ukraine: Three Critical Myths, Nicholas Kiersey Jul 2025

Russia And The War In Ukraine: Three Critical Myths, Nicholas Kiersey

Political Science Faculty Publications

Though often framed as a conflict between an autocratic regime and a liberal democracy, the Russo-Ukrainian War also represents a direct challenge to the post-1989 global order and its cosmopolitan norms. Paradoxically, many Critical International Relations (IR) theorists—once skeptical of Western militarism—now align with liberal interventionist responses to the war. Drawing on Cunliffe’s concept of the “utopianism of unipolarity,” this article argues that Critical IR has embraced a reductive “good war” narrative that casts Ukraine as a virtuous subaltern state resisting Russian imperialism, while dismissing left critiques as denials of Ukrainian “agency.” In doing so, Critical IR reproduces cultural myths …


In Pursuit Of A Better Hospital Quality Metric For Medicare, Brad Wright Ph.D. Jul 2025

In Pursuit Of A Better Hospital Quality Metric For Medicare, Brad Wright Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Associations Between School-Based Arrests And High School Graduation Status Of African American Female Students In Florida, Rannisha Missick Jul 2025

Associations Between School-Based Arrests And High School Graduation Status Of African American Female Students In Florida, Rannisha Missick

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Zero tolerance school discipline policies, originally intended to address serious threats such as weapon and drug possession, have increasingly been applied to minor behavioral infractions, disproportionately affecting African American students, particularly females. These exclusionary practices, including school-based arrests, have been linked to adverse educational outcomes. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine associations between school-based arrests due to zero tolerance policy violations and high school graduation status of African American female students in Florida. The study was guided by the intersectionality theory, which posits individuals who belong to multiple marginalized groups experience compounded forms of discrimination. Archival …


A Qualitative Case Study Exploring The Decision-Making Criteria Of Policymakers In The State Of Michigan To Reinstate A Universal Helmet Law, Eberley Nicole Adams Jul 2025

A Qualitative Case Study Exploring The Decision-Making Criteria Of Policymakers In The State Of Michigan To Reinstate A Universal Helmet Law, Eberley Nicole Adams

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Policymakers are elected to create, amend, or repeal legislation that impacts public welfare; however, little is known about the specific criteria used when making public health and safety decisions, particularly regarding motorcycle helmet laws. In 2012, Michigan repealed its universal helmet law (UHL) after 35 years, replacing it with a partial helmet law specifying requirements for helmetless riding. Despite an increase in unhelmeted fatalities, the UHL has not been reinstated, raising questions about the legislative decision-making process. Prior research has found that factors such as budgeting, statistical data, interest groups, education, income, political stability, and public opinion may guide these …