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A Case Report And Evaluation Of Intrauterine Gas Of Unknown Origin, Chrystal Stallworth, Diane Gilbertson, Michele L. Mccarroll, Timothy Kremer Aug 2025

A Case Report And Evaluation Of Intrauterine Gas Of Unknown Origin, Chrystal Stallworth, Diane Gilbertson, Michele L. Mccarroll, Timothy Kremer

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Introduction

Most reports of intrauterine or endometrial gas have been reported in the setting of underlying gynecologic malignancy or infection. The significance of this case report is to give a presentation of a patient presenting with intrauterine gas who subsequently was identified as having neither an infectious nor malignant cause for such a finding.

Case Presentation

The patient is a 56-year-old postmenopausal woman who presented with “hip pain” and was found to have incidental intrauterine gas on a pelvic computed tomography. She underwent in-office and outpatient hysteroscopies with resection of a submucosal fibroid. Her final pathology was returned as benign, …


Recurrent, Acute Limb Ischemia Secondary To Arterial Thrombosis: A Devastating Complication In The Setting Of Severe Covid-19 Infection, Shaikh Afaq, Kyle S. Strouse, Sini Saju, Olugbenga Oyesanmi, Mohamad Eid, Salman Muddassir Aug 2025

Recurrent, Acute Limb Ischemia Secondary To Arterial Thrombosis: A Devastating Complication In The Setting Of Severe Covid-19 Infection, Shaikh Afaq, Kyle S. Strouse, Sini Saju, Olugbenga Oyesanmi, Mohamad Eid, Salman Muddassir

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

COVID-19 infection, particularly with the Delta variant, has been associated with a heightened risk of thromboembolic events due to a profound hypercoagulable state. While venous thrombosis is more commonly reported, arterial thrombosis—including acute limb ischemia—has emerged as a serious complication with significant morbidity and mortality.

Case Presentation

We report the case of a 53-year-old man with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who developed recurrent acute limb ischemia secondary to an aortic mural thrombus. Despite therapeutic anticoagulation and multiple surgical interventions—including thrombectomy, angioplasty, and stenting—the patient experienced repeated episodes of arterial thrombosis. His clinical course was further complicated by pneumothorax and hemothorax, …


Understanding Challenges Faced By Female Graduate Medical Education Trainees: A Qualitative Content Analysis Of Physician Coaching Requests, Nathalie Dieujuste, Adrienne Mann, Kimiko Dunbar, Pari Shah Thibodeau, Tyra Fainstad, Brooke Dorsey Holliman Aug 2025

Understanding Challenges Faced By Female Graduate Medical Education Trainees: A Qualitative Content Analysis Of Physician Coaching Requests, Nathalie Dieujuste, Adrienne Mann, Kimiko Dunbar, Pari Shah Thibodeau, Tyra Fainstad, Brooke Dorsey Holliman

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

Physician burnout, particularly among female graduate medical education (GME) trainees, is a growing concern that affects physician wellness and patient safety. Professional coaching has shown promise in improving physician wellness. The Better Together Physician Coaching program (BT) is a web-based, group-coaching program, piloted using female GME trainees, aimed at improving key indicators of well-being, including burnout and impostor syndrome. In this qualitative study, we aimed to understand the challenges faced by female physician trainees shared in the pilot of the BT coaching intervention.

Methods

A total of 101 female physician trainees participated in the BT pilot. A sample of …


Converting Usmle Step 1 To Pass Or Fail: The Potential Impact On Applicants Who Are Female Or From Underrepresented Groups, Haris Ahmed, Peter Yu, Brendan Rosamond, Jonathan Lall, Scott Zimmerle, Said Maldonado, Nicole Lyons, Ashlynn N. Mills, Yoolim Alex Seo, Angelica C. Rodriquez, Jacqueline E. Levesque, Oluwatunmininu A. Anwoju, Zuhair Ali, Rajeev Raghavan, Mike Liang Aug 2025

Converting Usmle Step 1 To Pass Or Fail: The Potential Impact On Applicants Who Are Female Or From Underrepresented Groups, Haris Ahmed, Peter Yu, Brendan Rosamond, Jonathan Lall, Scott Zimmerle, Said Maldonado, Nicole Lyons, Ashlynn N. Mills, Yoolim Alex Seo, Angelica C. Rodriquez, Jacqueline E. Levesque, Oluwatunmininu A. Anwoju, Zuhair Ali, Rajeev Raghavan, Mike Liang

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

In January 2022, the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 exam became pass/fail and the transition to using USMLE Step 2 scores for residency interview screening appeared imminent. While this change was intended to result in holistic reviews of residency applicants, the impact remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine how USMLE scoring changes might affect female candidates and applicants from underrepresented groups (URM).

Methods

We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of all applicants to a single institution. Data for applicants were extracted from their 2021-2022 residency applications and included age, race, sex, medical school, …


A Hard Problem: Managing Constipation In The Geriatric Population, William G. Jones, Veeraen Jonnalagadda, Alexandra E. Thomson, Victoria Grumbles, Chase Cottle, Christian Robertson, Maulikkumar Patel Aug 2025

A Hard Problem: Managing Constipation In The Geriatric Population, William G. Jones, Veeraen Jonnalagadda, Alexandra E. Thomson, Victoria Grumbles, Chase Cottle, Christian Robertson, Maulikkumar Patel

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Constipation is a common condition among geriatric patients with different presenting symptoms and potential serious complications. Additionally, the condition causes a significant burden on our healthcare system. Here, we summarized recommendations from several societies, including the American College of Gastroenterology, American Geriatrics Society, and American Academy of Family Physicians to provide guidance on managing constipation with geriatric patients. Our aim was to emphasize the importance of prevention of constipation in this population and methods to do so. We also give recommendations on how to manage constipation when it does develop and how to manage it across different healthcare settings. These …


An Acknowledgement To The Hca Healthcare Journal Of Medicine's Reviewers And Editors For The First Half Of 2025, Juan A. Sanchez, Graig Donini Aug 2025

An Acknowledgement To The Hca Healthcare Journal Of Medicine's Reviewers And Editors For The First Half Of 2025, Juan A. Sanchez, Graig Donini

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

The HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine would like to thank those behind the scenes who make this publication possible. Our journal would not be possible without the assistance of our peer reviewers, authors, and board members.


The Red Dusk Coffee Shop: The Application Of Tension In The Cozy Fantasy Genre, Kelli M. Lynch Aug 2025

The Red Dusk Coffee Shop: The Application Of Tension In The Cozy Fantasy Genre, Kelli M. Lynch

Masters Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the methods by which cozy fantasy writers apply literary tension within their works. Because they write within a genre that focuses on low stakes and high comfort, cozy fantasy writers must strike a balance between soothing the reader and keeping the reader interested in the narrative. The critical paper highlights several cozy fantasy writers and how they generate tension without compromising the genre-defining cozy essence. Finally, the thesis contains a complete cozy fantasy novella. The novella features Erik Juntunen, a coffee shop owner in the Keweenaw Peninsula who employs humans and figures …


Empowering Youth Tackle Football Athletes: A Content Analysis Of Nonlinear Pedagogy’S Influence On Autonomy And Practical Applications In Youth Tackle Football, Benjamin Jay Andelman Aug 2025

Empowering Youth Tackle Football Athletes: A Content Analysis Of Nonlinear Pedagogy’S Influence On Autonomy And Practical Applications In Youth Tackle Football, Benjamin Jay Andelman

Masters Theses

Youth tackle football offers an environment that promotes both positive mental and physical benefits for young athletes. Despite the positive benefits associated with sports, participation is on the decline. The content analysis found connections between the prevailing prescriptive coaching methods in youth tackle football and the adverse mental effects on young athletes. This study, utilizing a qualitative content analysis of existing academic literature, proposes a practical application of Nonlinear Pedagogical principles in the youth tackle football practice context to develop a coaching model that promotes athlete autonomy, thereby increasing positive mental benefits for the youth athlete. Leveraging Ecological Dynamics, Constraints-Led …


An Analysis Of Feminist Biblical Scholarship Through Case Studies In Judges, Erika Conner Aug 2025

An Analysis Of Feminist Biblical Scholarship Through Case Studies In Judges, Erika Conner

Masters Theses

This thesis examines the rise and significance of feminist biblical scholarship, particularly as it engages the book of Judges. Feminist approaches to Scripture have often been criticized as politically motivated or ideologically biased, yet they also claim to offer corrective readings to centuries of male-dominated interpretation. This study situates feminist scholarship within its historical development and cultural context, beginning with the reconstruction of women’s societal, familial, religious, and agricultural roles in ancient Israel. Building on this foundation, it undertakes a comparative analysis of three key figures in Judges, Deborah, Jael, and the unnamed Woman of Thebez, first through traditional interpretations …


Spiritual Dialogue Alchemy: Renewing The Mind Through Screenwriting, Cynthia Elaine Jeffress Aug 2025

Spiritual Dialogue Alchemy: Renewing The Mind Through Screenwriting, Cynthia Elaine Jeffress

Masters Theses

Emotional Entanglement is a romance drama adaptation that delves into the craft element of emotional dialogue alchemy in film adaptation. This approach, grounded in a rigorous, qualitative research-based methodology, aims to transform a novella into a cinematic language that is suitable for the visual and auditory experience of film, while preserving the essence of the original author's voice and intent. The screenplay explores themes of friendship, divorce, forgiveness, second chances, and redemption, inviting the audience to reflect on their spiritual journey. This thesis compiles an artistic statement that clarifies the writer's nature, purpose, process, and the vision of specific works …


Celebrating Their Voices: The Recognition Of African American Female Songwriters In Worship Music, Robin D. Henderson Aug 2025

Celebrating Their Voices: The Recognition Of African American Female Songwriters In Worship Music, Robin D. Henderson

Masters Theses

The worship community has been profoundly shaped by the contributions of numerous songwriters, many of whom remain largely unknown despite the widespread impact of their music. While enjoyed by the congregation, songs performed during corporate worship services are very rarely credited to/known by the songwriter(s). Songs heard on the radio are known by and often credited to the artist and not the songwriter. This research study, “Celebrating Their Voices: The Recognition of African American Female Songwriters in Worship Music,” explores the influence of 20th-century African American female Gospel songwriters whose compositions have become integral to African American worship experiences yet …


The Revolution Of Imam Hussein (Peace Be Upon Him) In Ibn Al-Athir's Book (Al-Kamil Fi Al-Tarikh) - A Comparative Critical Study, Najeh Jamil Al-Safi Aug 2025

The Revolution Of Imam Hussein (Peace Be Upon Him) In Ibn Al-Athir's Book (Al-Kamil Fi Al-Tarikh) - A Comparative Critical Study, Najeh Jamil Al-Safi

NJF Islamic University Journal

The Husayni Revolution, its events, and incidents have been extensively documented by numerous Muslim historians, historians, and compilers. They used a variety of information sources, such as written, oral, and eyewitness testimonies. Using a variety of contexts and techniques, Ibn al-Athir, who lived in the seventh century AH, gathered information on the Husayni Revolution (peace be upon him) from these sources for his work "Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh" while also adding his own opinions and ideas. . In this case, the study aimed to apply a critical approach to the writings of Ibn al-Athir and other writers about the Husayni Revolution, …


Peaceful Politics According To Imam Ali, Peace Be Upon Him The Foundations And Manifestations, Thaer Hassan Dhahi Mazhir Aug 2025

Peaceful Politics According To Imam Ali, Peace Be Upon Him The Foundations And Manifestations, Thaer Hassan Dhahi Mazhir

NJF Islamic University Journal

Peace is inseparable from Islam in terms of legislation, as contained in the Muhammadan Sharia in all its aspects and at various levels, and in terms of behavior in practical life, as it is the established value, morality, and methodology upon which true Islamic behavior is distinguished from un-Islamic behavior. Even if an individual or group is characterized by the claim and adherence to the attribute of Islam, Islam, in its comprehensive normative structure, does not stop at the limits of a claim without evidence to prove its veracity. What this study has concluded is that peace is an inherent …


French Orientalist Marie-Pierre Valckman (Maryam Abu Al-Dhahab) And Her Story With Imam Hussein (Peace Be Upon Him), Amal Suhail Abd Al-Husseini, Kifah Saber Rashid Aug 2025

French Orientalist Marie-Pierre Valckman (Maryam Abu Al-Dhahab) And Her Story With Imam Hussein (Peace Be Upon Him), Amal Suhail Abd Al-Husseini, Kifah Saber Rashid

NJF Islamic University Journal

In the 19th century, violent colonial military campaigns aimed to control Muslim wealth, lands, and capabilities, leading to the displacement and death of Muslims. Despite this, Muslims resisted, defending their righteous sons and defending their homeland. Europeans believed that the Qur'an, the primary source for instilling the spirit of sacrifice and redemption among Muslims, would prevent them from subjugating them. This belief was based on the belief that Muslims possessed Hussein, a martyr who set an example of sacrifice and redemption. This historical inevitability confirmed the victory of faith over injustice and evil.


The Radiance Of Mystical Content In Persian Poetry On Imam Hassan, Peace Be Upon Him, Samia Hassanalian Aug 2025

The Radiance Of Mystical Content In Persian Poetry On Imam Hassan, Peace Be Upon Him, Samia Hassanalian

NJF Islamic University Journal

Mysticism is a significant aspect of the Islamic religion, as it seeks to understand God and discover truths. Persian literature has a strong connection to mysticism, particularly in poems about the Prophet's Household. These themes became prominent after the Islamic Revolution, as Islamic rituals were revived. A study of Persian Hasani poetry revealed that poets used mystical terms like heart, longing, kindness, madness, and dignity to express their loyalty to Imam Hassan. They also called for abandoning the world as an obstacle to understanding God. The poems were distinguished by intellectual and moral richness, using rhetorical and aesthetic devices.


The General Policy Of State Administration Between The Concepts Of State And Government In Nahj Al-Balagha, Musab Mohammed Al-Tamimi Aug 2025

The General Policy Of State Administration Between The Concepts Of State And Government In Nahj Al-Balagha, Musab Mohammed Al-Tamimi

NJF Islamic University Journal

This study examines the concept of "the state" in Nahj al-Balagha, focusing on Imam Ali's sermons and letters. The state is not just a traditional political entity but a value system based on justice, equality, and human dignity. Imam Ali's project to rebuild the state emerged after the state's disintegration due to economic, social, and tribal transformations. The concept of "government" is linked to Imam Ali's philosophical and ethical structure, requiring rulers to adhere to principles of justice, transparency, and mercy. The research aims to provide an in-depth analysis of Nahj al-Balagha texts and its potential for contemporary political theories.


The Adopted Daughter Of Revelation, Fatimah Al-Zahra (Peace Be Upon Her) Between Revelation And Rationality, Mahmood Shakir Alkhafagi Aug 2025

The Adopted Daughter Of Revelation, Fatimah Al-Zahra (Peace Be Upon Her) Between Revelation And Rationality, Mahmood Shakir Alkhafagi

NJF Islamic University Journal

This study explores the unique status of Fatimah al-Zahra (peace be upon her), the daughter of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family), through the dual lenses of divine revelation and rational philosophy. It argues that her infallibility, authority, and role in Islamic history are not only rooted in prophetic lineage but also reinforced by rational principles intrinsic to Islamic epistemology. Drawing on Qur’anic verses, Hadiths, and classical Islamic scholarship, the paper examines how Fatimah represents a convergence between abstract reason and cognitive rationality, and how divine revelation elevated her to a status of spiritual and moral infallibility. …


On Comparative Translation Of Imam Ali’S Nahjul- Balaqa (Peace Be Upon Him) And Fatimah Al-Zahra ’S Sermon (Fadak) (Peace Be Upon Her): A Conceptual Discourse Analysis Of Divine Descriptions, Mohsen Adel Aug 2025

On Comparative Translation Of Imam Ali’S Nahjul- Balaqa (Peace Be Upon Him) And Fatimah Al-Zahra ’S Sermon (Fadak) (Peace Be Upon Her): A Conceptual Discourse Analysis Of Divine Descriptions, Mohsen Adel

NJF Islamic University Journal

Nahjul-Balaqa of Imam Ali(peace be upon him) as the most eloquent and rhetorical text after the holy Qur'an and Fadak sermon of Lady Fatimah Al-Zahra (peace be upon her) with highly demanding procedure in translation evince correlative conjoint features upon divine implications. This study has endeavored to conduct an innovative observation for this purpose. Through utterance, sentence proposition, situation, context and universe of discourse hypothesis, this research has provided a novel discursive framework to distinguish the core corresponding concepts from the statements of Nahjul-Balaqa and Fadak and their conceptual implications through Qur'an’s verse(s). The main concepts outstandingly inferred by both …


Between The Imprisonment Of Imam Al-Kadhim And The Occultation Of Al-Imam Al-Mahdi – Al-Hujjah (The Proof) (Peace Be Upon Him), Zuhair Qasim Abd-El-Nabi Al-Timimi Aug 2025

Between The Imprisonment Of Imam Al-Kadhim And The Occultation Of Al-Imam Al-Mahdi – Al-Hujjah (The Proof) (Peace Be Upon Him), Zuhair Qasim Abd-El-Nabi Al-Timimi

NJF Islamic University Journal

God Almighty did not create creation in vain, but rather He created them to know Him and worship Him. This requires the existence of a creature who will be with creation from its beginning to its last day, who will be with them. He guides them and directs them as a successor to God on earth. And to complete God’s conclusive proof to creation, the earth will not be devoid of him, so the purpose will be negated, as stated in the hadith: And the earth will not be devoid of him. The earth is not devoid of God’s proof, …


Al-Sheikh Al-Amini (1320-1390 Ah/1902-1970 Ad) And His Contributions To The Husseini Cause, Hadi Abdul Nabi Muhammad Al-Tamimi Aug 2025

Al-Sheikh Al-Amini (1320-1390 Ah/1902-1970 Ad) And His Contributions To The Husseini Cause, Hadi Abdul Nabi Muhammad Al-Tamimi

NJF Islamic University Journal

Al-Sheikh Abdul-Hussein al-Amini, a prominent scholar, is a source of pride and admiration for Islamic and Arab figures. He is a great scholar, jurist, hadith scholar, historian, religious leader, and author. He studied under master scholars and devoted himself to writing and researching. He toured the world to carry out his intellectual mission, demonstrating creative energy and endurance for knowledge. His contributions to the Ahl al-Bayt and preservation of their heritage are essential for future generations. This research provides an overview of Allamah Al-Amini's contributions to the Husseini cause, dividing it into three chapters: his personal biography, support for Husseini …


The Ottoman Empire In Kufa And Its Role In Weakening The Caliphate Of Imam Ali (Peace Be Upon Him), Khatam Rahi Mazhar Al-Hasnawi Aug 2025

The Ottoman Empire In Kufa And Its Role In Weakening The Caliphate Of Imam Ali (Peace Be Upon Him), Khatam Rahi Mazhar Al-Hasnawi

NJF Islamic University Journal

The Ottomans were a group with a particular orientation aimed at defending Caliph Uthman against his killers. Their influence could have faded, had they not been exploited by some Islamic groups, such as the People of the Camel, and Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan, who sought to achieve their own personal gains and ambitions. Thus, the Ottomans took on political positions that burdened the Caliphate of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) with significant burdens, contributing to its weakening and the spread of its influence. This research is about "The Ottomans in Kufa and their role in weakening the Caliphate of …


In Re: Walmart Inc. Securities Litigation Aug 2025

In Re: Walmart Inc. Securities Litigation

2025 Decisions

USDC for the District of Delaware


Interview With Ijal Morgan: Rap For Everyday People, Ijal Morgan Aug 2025

Interview With Ijal Morgan: Rap For Everyday People, Ijal Morgan

Digital Laboratory: Publisher of Internet Journal

In this interview, hip hop artist Ijal Morgan presents himself foremost as an everyday person whose creative identity is grounded in authenticity rather than spectacle. He emphasizes the importance of “not trying too hard,” framing artistry as an organic extension of lived experience, family influence, and community recognition. Through sample-based production, self-directed visuals, and lyrics rooted in daily life, Morgan underscores the value of sincerity over image. His vision of sustaining his creativity—linking music with ventures like clothing or skate culture—reflects a model of independent artistry defined by balance, humility, and cultural integrity.


Unleash The Power Of The "Evolution Journal" To Transform Your Learning, Yoshihiko Ariizumi Aug 2025

Unleash The Power Of The "Evolution Journal" To Transform Your Learning, Yoshihiko Ariizumi

Learning, Teaching, & Researching Optimization

Evolution Journal helps you grow and attain something impossible to attain. Your metacognition and spiritual orientation enables your ability to change.


The Discouraging Effect Of Overconfidence, Cary Deck, Klajdi Bregu Aug 2025

The Discouraging Effect Of Overconfidence, Cary Deck, Klajdi Bregu

ESI Publications

Overconfidence is often viewed as encouraging entrepreneurs and CEOs to follow risky strategies such as entering new markets, engaging in innovation, or pursuing mergers and acquisitions. While such undertakings can generate excess returns and profits, overconfidence is frequently offered as an explanation for why so many business ventures fail. However, we show that in a setting where the decision maker does not know whether success is possible, theoretically, overconfidence can also have a discouraging effect, causing one to give up too soon. This counterintuitive result is driven by effectively misattributing one's own failure to an elevated assessment of the chance …


Examination Of A One-Trial Multiple Stimulus Preference Assessment, Gianna M. Davino Aug 2025

Examination Of A One-Trial Multiple Stimulus Preference Assessment, Gianna M. Davino

Doctoral Dissertations - College of Arts and Sciences

There are several preference assessment formats that effectively determine reinforcers; however, educators and clinicians working with individuals with autism and other disabilities note that lack of time is a main barrier to frequently assessing client preference in applied settings (Graff & Karsten, 2012). Research has evaluated briefer methods of assessment (DeLeon & Iwata, 1996; DeLeon et al., 2001; Mason et al., 1989) to determine reinforcers. DeLeon et al. (2001) compared the high-preference stimulus determined in a paired-stimulus preference assessment to the stimulus selected in a brief daily multiple-stimulus without replacement preference assessment; they found that the stimulus identified in the …


The Bison, August, 29, 2025 Aug 2025

The Bison, August, 29, 2025

The Bison Newspapers

No abstract provided.


Ud In The News Aug. 23-29, University Of Dayton Aug 2025

Ud In The News Aug. 23-29, University Of Dayton

News Releases

Faculty wrote for The Conversation, Catholic World Report and ABA Journal while Bloomberg Law and Federal News Network quoted a pair of law professors. Faculty also contributed to local stories about combating poverty, crime and pollution.


Deep Learning And Machine Learning Based Prediction Of Significant Wave Height Along The Grand Coast Of Dakar, Senegal, Dialo Diop, Xu Dongsheng, Sanjay Kumar Shukla Aug 2025

Deep Learning And Machine Learning Based Prediction Of Significant Wave Height Along The Grand Coast Of Dakar, Senegal, Dialo Diop, Xu Dongsheng, Sanjay Kumar Shukla

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Recently, deep learning (DL) has become an essential tool for processing large datasets and is playing a crucial role in scientific research. It significantly contributes to protecting the marine environment and forecasting oceanic phenomena. This study applies an autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA) time series model to forecast significant wave heights (SWHs) at two beaches in Dakar, Senegal: Malika and Yoff. Additionally, the long short-term memory network (LSTM) is used for comparative analysis. Both models estimate SWH for future predictions ranging from 12 hours to 60 days. The study utilized ERA5 reanalysis data, comprising 52584 elements of SWH and …


Advancing Statistical Literacy In Eye Care: A Series For Enhanced Clinical Decision-Making: Part 2: Statistical Testing In Eye And Vision Research – Principles And Practices, Daniela Oehring Aug 2025

Advancing Statistical Literacy In Eye Care: A Series For Enhanced Clinical Decision-Making: Part 2: Statistical Testing In Eye And Vision Research – Principles And Practices, Daniela Oehring

School of Health Professions

Purpose: To enhance statistical literacy in eye and vision Research through practical guidance on hypothesis testing, test selection, and interpreting inferential statistics. The goal is to reduce common analytical errors and support more clinically meaningful conclusions in ophthalmic studies.Material and Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify best practices in hypothesis testing, error control, and test selection relevant to clinical research in ophthalmologyand optometry. Simulated datasets, based on real-world clinical scenarios, were generated in Python to illustrate core concepts. Worked examples demonstrate the Impact of sample size, data distribution, and error …