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Introduction, Adam Kasti

Araneum: Richmond Journal of American & Global Affairs

It is with great excitement that I introduce you to the Fall 2025 edition of Araneum: Richmond Journal of American & Global Affairs. In this first edition of its third volume, the journal continues its work of platforming insightful academic research and writing undertaken by undergraduate students.

Women, Life, And Freedom: The Changing Landscape Of Iranian Women’S Movements Before And After The Islamic Revolution, Emily Snyder

Araneum: Richmond Journal of American & Global Affairs

Iranian women’s movements, both pre- and post-Islamic Revolution, have continually adapted to the repressive tactics of those in power to advocate for women’s rights in an authoritarian environment. With the introduction of social media, Iranian feminists have been able to counter political suppression and successfully organize against the regime. In this paper, I analyze how Iranian women’s movements have changed before and after the Islamic Revolution, and how social media has allowed modern women’s movements to succeed amidst state surveillance and political violence at the hands of the regime. I determine that social media has been a crucial factor in …

Nepal’S Lost Generation: Emigration And Fertility In Asia, Kalina Kulig

Araneum: Richmond Journal of American & Global Affairs

This paper examines the causes and impacts of Nepal’s “lost generation,” a group of young people

leaving the country in high numbers. I begin by analyzing the causes of emigration, dividing factors into push and pull, and identifying the most important reasons young Nepalis are leaving the country. Next, I explore the impacts of emigration on Nepali society, explaining why the trend of young people working abroad makes Nepal an artificially aged nation. Here, I suggest that rapid population declines can erode the social fabrics and economies of smaller, less developed countries. Finally, I argue that political scientists interested in …

In Defense Of The Care Economy, Emily Daniel

Araneum: Richmond Journal of American & Global Affairs

Women are burdened with caregiving, yet their contributions are frequently undervalued and undercompensated. During the nineteenth century, women worldwide gained the right to vote, access to education, marital freedom, and the right to join the workforce. Yet today, they contribute significantly to unpaid or low-paying care work, tending to domestic responsibilities while participating in the labor force. These roles are motivated by moral or altruistic values rather than financial compensation and provide for needs in childhood, old age, and sickness. With women doing an average of 2.5 times more unpaid domestic work than men, they are at the heart of …

To Praise “Xi Dada”: Analyzing The Personality Cult Of Xi Jinping, Olivia Gondek

Araneum: Richmond Journal of American & Global Affairs

In 2018, just three days before the National People’s Congress abolished presidential term limits, Chinese citizens piled into sold-out theaters to watch Amazing China. This 90-minute documentary about China’s rejuvenation under President Xi Jinping has since become the country’s highest-earning documentary. However, reports failed to acknowledge that state-sponsored companies were the sole producers, reviewers, and marketers of the film. Moreover, Amazing China premiered during a time when accusations of Xi governing through a personality cult—a legitimacy technique based on a sole figure’s unique charisma and God-like qualities—“were intensifying rapidly.” Since taking office in March 2013, Xi Jinping’s presidency has been …

Education First Year Seminar, Edf101 Fall 2025: Syllabus, Givanni Ildefonso-Sánchez

Open Educational Resources

The Education First Year Seminar (EDF 101) is required of all new students majoring in Education. Its goals are to introduce students to the liberal arts, campus culture, and the education field. The course also aims to develop a better understanding of the learning process and acquire essential academic skills. Taught by ELA faculty and supported by Peers Advisors and co-curricular professionals, this course addresses issues related to contemporary college life and to the field of education (birth through 12th Grade).

Entering college marks the beginning of a journey towards greater knowledge, the discovery of a new identity as a …

Foundations In Bilingual Education, Eln123, Fall 2025: Syllabus, Bede Mccormack

Open Educational Resources

Foundations of Bilingual Education (ELN123) is a writing intensive course that requires students to be engaged in several high and low stakes writing activities throughout the semester. This requirement will be fulfilled through several informal written assignments and a formal written assignment. Course topics include cultural, psychological, socioeconomic, linguistic, cognitive and curricular factors that affect the academic achievement of emergent bilingual students. It introduces the philosophical, legal, and sociological aspects of bilingual education, and prepares reflective educators through the use of a teacher education ePortfolio. It also satisfies the Urban Studies requirement at LaGuardia. This course is equivalent to a …

Reflections Of The Era: Representations Of Turbulent Peace And Looming Conflict In Choucas And The Accident, Shenandoah Waugh

Mountains and Modernity

This paper examines the relationship between society and the environment through the lens of two novels: Choucas by Zofia Nałkowska and The Accident by Mihail Sebastian. Choucas was written in the interwar period and focuses on international cooperation in the setting of a sanatorium and resort in the Swiss Alps. The Accident was written in the early years of World War II and takes place in Bucharest and the Carpathian mountains near Brașov, Romania. Both novels utilize the mountainous settings to reflect on the tensions of their respective eras. Choucas relates the mountains and valleys to the turbulent peace of …

Characterization Of Pigeonpea As An Alternate Summer Forage Crop In Virginia, Satya S. S. Narina, Glenn Chappell Iii, Harbans L. Bhardwaj

Virginia Journal of Science

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.), a major multifunctional food legume crop valued globally, contributes to food security by supplying protein-rich grain for human consumption and provides nutrient-rich biomass for livestock feeding across diverse production systems. However, little is known about its forage potential in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. In 2009 and 2010, four cultivars (GA-1, GA-2, W-1, and W-3) were evaluated in a split-plot design with three intra-row plant populations (2, 4, or 6 plants per 0.3 m row) and three planting dates (May, June, and July). Forage yield, crude protein, minerals, and other nutritional traits were …

Perceptions Of Skiing And Gender In The Alps And Carpathians In The Interwar Period, Eleanor Millard

Mountains and Modernity

The present paper analyzes two texts set in the mountains of central Europe in the 1920s and 30s. Arnold Fanck’s film The Holy Mountain, filmed in the Swiss Alps and released in 1926, and Mihail Sebastian’s novel The Accident, published in 1940 and set partially in the Southern Carpathians, both depict women engaged in mountain sports from a male point of view. However, the two differ in their presentation: whereas The Holy Mountain treats women as a decorative aspect of the film and women’s skiing as a product of necessity rather than enjoyment, The Accident allows its female protagonist to …

Strategic Branding: The Critical Role Of Brand Strategy For Successful Branding Initiatives, Sara Virginia Abell

Senior Honors Theses

In the increasingly saturated world of branding, the ability to rise above the noise and establish meaningful connections with an audience is essential. This thesis explores the relationship between brand strategy development and successful branding outcomes. An initial review of relevant literature is conducted, focusing on the importance and creation of strategy. Further consideration is given to the unique challenges associated with rebranding efforts. The practical impact of brand and rebrand strategies is underscored through case studies across varying contexts. Following this, the implementation of strategy is discussed, with an emphasis on the role of design elements and principles in …

Robust Contracting Under Distributional Uncertainty, Jiangtao Li, Kexin Wang

Research Collection School of Economics

We study contract design when the principal has limited information about the output distributions induced by the agent's actions. In a baseline model where only the means are known, we show that increasing affine contracts are robustly optimal. The mean restrictions accommodate a wide range of output distributions, including extreme cases that help establish this optimality. We then extend the analysis to environments with additional constraints on the distributions. Our main result shows that the robust optimality of increasing affine contracts persists even when the principal knows more—for example, that each action induces a distribution with full support.

Case Global: A Winning Tradition, Case Western Reserve University School Of Law, The Frederick K. Cox International Law Center

Case Global Newsletter

Volume 17, No. 1 (2025)

• CWRU once again ranked among the best in 2025 PreLaw magazine and US News & World Report rankings of International Law Program...
• Case Western Journal of International Law Tackles the Need to Update the Geneva Conventions
• Building on a Winning Tradition
• CWRU Launches New International Development Law Lab
• CWRU Establishes Spring Break in the Hague Program
• Professor Michael Scharf leads Team to Prepare Ukrainian Judges and Prosecutors to Try Environmental War Crimes
• Professor Rapp teaches Comparative Law to Saudi Administrative Judges in Riyadh
• Yemen Accountability Project publishes two new White Papers
• Immigration Clinic Builds Momentum …

Small And Ugly Oer: Simple Strategies To Ease Faculty Into Open Education, Nancy A. Henke

About OER

Open education advocates know the benefits of OER, but faculty newcomers may feel that adopting OER requires a complete overhaul of a course or that materials must be professionally designed to be effective. Inspired by James M. Lang’s Small Teaching, the concept of Small OER reframes OER adoption as a series of small, intentional steps—such as replacing a single textbook chapter or reading with an open alternative—rather than an all-or-nothing shift. Pairing this with the concept of ugly OER—simple, effective, and easily created resources like Google Docs or instructor-made PDFs—reduces barriers and helps faculty understand that OER don’t need to …

(Si15-084) Application Of Differentiation Matrices Corresponding To Scaling And Wavelet Functions To Integral Equations, Viresh Kumar, Rakesh Kumar

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In the present paper, we have studied the technique by which a differentiation matrix corresponding to scaling and wavelet function is helpful in representing an integral equation in discrete form. In this technique, only finite times continuously differentiable scaling and wavelet functions were used for the differentiation matrix. This method explores the applications of compactly supported wavelets in discretization of Fredholm integral equation and provides us with a bridge for the solution of integral equations via compactly supported finitely differentiable wavelets.

(Si15-017) Modeling Construction Project Uncertainty Using Fuzzy Inference And Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Knowledge-Based Algorithms, M. Kapoor, B. K. Pathak, R. Kumar

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

Construction projects are influenced by various uncertain factors, including supervisory knowledge, labor expertise, and weather conditions. These uncertain factors have linguistic properties that are challenging to quantify with the help of traditional set theory. To address this, the study applies fuzzy inference systems, specifically the Mamdani fuzzy inference system, to model and evaluate the impact of these uncertainties on construction projects. This fuzzy inference system provides a more nuanced understanding of these factors compared to traditional set theory methods. Experimental results indicate that uncertainties significantly impact construction projects. These findings establish a valuable framework for developing adaptive strategies, enhancing project …

(Si15-142) Selection Of Single Sampling Plans Based On Zero Inflated Binomial Distribution Using Cost Optimization, Sangeetha S., Shalini K., Hemalatha R., Priyadharshini R.

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

Economic design of sampling plans involves creating sampling plans that minimize the total cost associated with the inspection process while ensuring quality. It aims to address the quality risk concerns of both producer and consumer, ensuring product quality while minimizing inspection costs. This article’s objective is to design single sampling plans by attributes based on Zero-inflated Binomial (ZIB) distribution, using cost optimization principles by developing an economic model aimed at achieving optimal total cost by considering the Average Total Inspection (ATI). Numerical illustration is provided to illustrate the selection of single sampling plans under ZIB distribution that minimizes producer’s total …

(Si15-113) Augmenting Cryptographic Security Through Inventive Application Of The Kharrat-Toma Transform Algorithm, Prabakaran Raghavendran, Tharmalingam Gunasekar, K. Sakthivel, Kamalendra Kumar, Shalini Gupta

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

This paper introduces a cryptographic technique combining the Kharrat-Toma Transform and congruence modulo operators to improve the security of message encryption. The proposed model uses the mathematical properties of the Kharrat-Toma Transform and its inverse for direct scrambling and unscrambling processes while embedding sufficient complexity to resist modern cryptanalytic attacks. The model is subjected to experimental tests, including encryption quality analysis, Shannon entropy, and NIST randomness tests, in order to prove the strength of the model. Through encryption quality analysis, symbol frequencies in the ciphertext are masked heavily from having much correlation between plaintext and ciphertext. Entropy values indicate near-theoretical …

(Si15-067) Ahp And Moora Decision Making Methods On Bipolar Fuzzy Sets, S. Anita Shanthi, R. Preethi

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

Decision making, in the present contemporary world, has been inherently complicated. Nowadays, the major challenge is the selection of an appropriate option. The arrival of numerous brands and models makes a purchase challenging. Hence, in this paper, four different models of the same branded laptops are considered, for the selection of an appropriate option, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA), with bipolar fuzzy sets, which help decision makers arrive at the most logical choice based on their preferences. The bipolar fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process efficaciously supports decision making in cases …

Improving The Quality Of Life Of Adults With Visual Impairments Through An Occupational Therapy Lens, Vanessa R. Patel, Rebecca King, Jaimee Fielder

Fall 2025 OTD Capstone Symposium

Adults with visual impairments often experience decreased independence, safety concerns, and reduced confidence in daily occupations, particularly during meal preparation. This capstone project aimed to develop and implement an occupation-based educational program to support safe and independent cooking for adults with visual impairments. A needs assessment was conducted at Envision Dallas, resulting in a program focused on meal preparation and the use of adaptive strategies. The program consisted of twelve structured lessons delivered through a combination of individual sessions and group-based instruction. Outcomes were measured using pre- and post-session questionnaires, informal observation, and participant and family feedback. Results indicated improvements …

The Guardian The Month Of October 2025, Wright State Student Body

The Guardian Student Newspaper

News articles from The Guardian for the Month of October 2025. The Guardian is the official student-run newspaper for Wright State University. It has been published regularly since March of 1965.

Legal Insurance And Its Limits, Nora Freeman Engstrom

Michigan Law Review

Courts are buckling under the weight of a staggering access-to-justice crisis. In three-quarters of cases, at least one side lacks a lawyer, default judgments are on the rise, and most Americans with valid claims never take legal action. The situation is dire, and it understandably has policymakers casting about for a fix. On the menu are a range of uncontroversial reform ideas, such as expanding legal aid, supporting system simplification, and promoting pro bono. But it is increasingly clear that those measures—even if accomplished—would not make a dent in the problem. Attention is thus turning to other reform ideas, such …

0896: John F. Smith Collection, 1978-2017, Marshall University Special Collections

Guides to Manuscript Collections

John F. Smith was a retired lieutenant colonel in the United States Army and former director of the Big Green Scholarship Foundation at Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia.

The collection includes records of the Big Green Scholarship Foundation, research and papers of John F. Smith, and framed Marshall University basketball and football memorabilia.

Understanding Output-Based Pricing Systems, Wei Cui

All Faculty Publications

In recent years, Canada has implemented a distinctive carbon pricing regime, known as “output-based pricing systems” (OBPS), to incentivize emission reductions for large industrial facilities. This regime has come un-der heightened scrutiny as a more general carbon tax, the federal fuel charge, was cancelled in 2025 due to political controversy. However, OBPS regimes have received no prior economic analysis; commentators have mostly criticized the weakness of the emission trading markets within them. This article argues that OBPS should be viewed as primarily implementing a carbon tax with an intensity-based exemption. OBPS further introduces emissions trading into this carbon tax regime, …

What Community Members With Chronic Illness Teach Future Healthcare Professionals In A Longitudinal Interprofessional Education Program: A Focus Group Study, Rachel White, Maria Brucato, Amber King, Anne B. Mitchell, Nethra S. Ankam

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: Nearly 50% of Americans have at least one chronic illness. Preparing future healthcare providers for interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) and person-centred care through community-based interprofessional education (IPE) can improve outcomes for this growing population. Partial programme theories predict that patients' participation as teachers in health professions education contributes to students' development of patient-centredness. Role theory asserts that behaviours are shaped by assigned roles; therefore, community members with chronic illness who assume roles of health mentors in an IPE curriculum are predicted to teach students about their patient experiences. Yet, this teaching outcome and the lessons health mentors teach in …

Pacap Signalling Network In The Nucleus Accumbens Core Regulates Reinstatement Behaviour In Rat, Samrat Bose, Gregory Simandl, Evan M. Hess, Linghai Kong, Nicholas Raddatz, Brian Maunze, Sujean Choi, David A. Baker

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) lacks FDA-approved treatments, partly due to the difficulty of creating therapeutics that target behaviour-related neural circuits without disrupting signalling throughout the brain. One promising candidate for circuit-selective neuromodulation is pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), a neuropeptide with pleiotropic behavioural actions whose signalling network spans the gut–brain axis. Here, we investigated the potential existence and function of an endogenous PACAP signalling network within the nucleus accumbens core (NAcc), which is a structure that integrates emotional, cognitive and reward processes underlying behaviour. We found that PACAP and its cognate receptor, PAC1R, are endogenously expressed in the rat NAcc …

Editor's Introduction, Michael D. Pante

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

No abstract provided.

Manufactured Monstrosity: Analyzing And Challenging The Narrative Of Lgbtq+ Terrorism, Samantha Salter

Colorado Law Student Scholars

No abstract provided.

Suicide Prevention Through The Reduction Of Counseling Stigma In Fort Riley, Kansas, Yanni Kagiwada-Moya

Selected Social Change Portfolios in Prevention, Intervention, and Consultation

Goal Statement: The goal of this social change portfolio is to decrease the stigma of seeking mental help through addressing culture, norms, or systems within Fort Riley, Kansas, that contribute to stigma and suicide risk while using preventative measures to reduce suicide ideation and risk.

Significant Findings: This project focuses on reducing counseling stigma to prevent suicide among military personnel and veterans at Fort Riley, Kansas. Despite available mental health services, 44% of soldiers report fearing career impacts if they seek help, highlighting the need for cultural and systemic change (Irwin Army Community Hospital, 2024). Using the Social- Ecological Model …

Tacenda Magazine, Fall 2025, Bart Johnson, Brandon Sykes, Jeff Rieber, Lajeromeny Brown, Chris Henderson, Jimmy Davis, Mario Woodward, David Riley, Marcus Williams, Sherman Collins, "N.O.", Earl Mcgahee, Demetrius Frazier, Kenny Smith, Carey Grayson, Phadp

Writings and Photographs

From the introduction by Katie Owens-Murphy:

"This special issue of Tacenda Magazine provides a glimpse into this balance between hope and loss by focusing on the perspective of those who are directly impacted: members of PHADP who are facing—and confronting—the realities of capital punishment in Alabama."